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Exploration of dark Chemical Genomics Space via Portal Learning: Applied to Targeting the Undruggable Genome and COVId-19 Anti-Infective Polypharmacology

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Cai, Tian Xie, Li Chen, Muge Liu, Yang He, di Zhang, Shuo Mura, Cameron Bourne, philip E. Xie, Lei Ph.D. Program in Computer Science The Graduate Center The City University of New York New York10016 United States Department of Computer Science Hunter College The City University of New York New York10065 United States Master Program in Computer Science Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University United States School of Data Science Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Virginia VA22903 United States Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Research Institute Feil Family Brain & Mind Research Institute Weill Cornell Medicine Cornell University New York10021 United States

Advances in biomedicine are largely fueled by exploring uncharted territories of human biology. Machine learning can both enable and accelerate discovery, but faces a fundamental hurdle when applied to unseen data with distributions that differ from previously observed ones—a common dilemma in scientific inquiry. We have developed a new deep learning framework, called Portal Learning, to explore dark chemical and biological space. Three key, novel components of our approach include: (i) end-to-end, step-wise transfer learning, in recognition of biology’s sequence-structure-function paradigm, (ii) out-of-cluster meta-learning, and (iii) stress model selection. Portal Learning provides a practical solution to the out-of-distribution (OOd) problem in statistical machine learning. Here, we have implemented Portal Learning to predict chemical-protein interactions on a genome-wide scale. Systematic studies demonstrate that Portal Learning can effectively assign ligands to unexplored gene families (unknown functions), versus existing state-of-the-art methods. Compared with AlphaFold2-based protein-ligand docking, Portal Learning significantly improved the performance by 79% in PR-AUC and 27% in ROC-AUC, respectively. The superior performance of Portal Learning allowed us to target previously "undruggable" proteins and design novel polypharmacological agents for disrupting interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins. Portal Learning is general-purpose and can be further applied to other areas of scientific inquiry. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Coronavirus

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Review on fate, transport, toxicity and health risk of nanoparticles in natural ecosystems: Emerging challenges in the modern age and solutions toward a sustainable environment

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The science of the total environment 2024年 912卷 169331页

作者： Thien-Khanh Tran Minh-Ky Nguyen Chitsan Lin Tuan-dung Hoang Thanh-Cong Nguyen Aasif Mohmad Lone Akhil Pradiprao Khedulkar Mohamed S Gaballah Jagpreet Singh W Jin Chung d duc Nguyen Advanced Applied Sciences Research Group Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City 76100 Viet Nam Faculty of Technology Dong Nai Technology University Bien Hoa City 76100 Viet Nam. Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Nong Lam University Hamlet 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 81157 Taiwan. Electronic address: nmky@hcmuaf.edu.vn. Ph.D. Program in Maritime Science and Technology National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 81157 Taiwan Department of Marine Environmental Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 81157 Taiwan. School of Chemistry and Life Science Hanoi University of Science and Technology No. 1 Dai Co Viet Hai Ba Trung Hanoi 100000 Viet Nam Vietnam National University Hanoi VNU Town Hoa Lac Thach That District Hanoi 155500 Viet Nam. Department of Civil Engineering Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 Karnataka India. Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan. CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion Department of Environmental Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China School of Engineering and Technology Central Michigan University Mt. Pleasant MI 48859 USA. Department of Chemistry University Centre for Research and Development Chandigarh University Gharuan Mohali 140413 India. Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering Kyonggi University Suwon 16227 South Korea. Department of Civil & Energy System Engineering Kyonggi University Suwon 16227 South Korea Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam. Electronic address: nguyensyduc@gmail.com.

In today's era, nanoparticles (NPs) have become an integral part of human life, finding extensive applications in various fields of science, pharmacy, medicine, industry, electronics, and communication. The increasing popularity of NP usage worldwide is a testament to their tremendous potential. However, the widespread deployment of NPs unavoidably leads to their release into the environmental matrices, resulting in persistence in ecosystems and bioaccumulation in organisms. Understanding the environmental behavior of NPs poses a significant challenge due to their nanoscale size. Given the current environmental releases of NPs, known negative consequences, and the limited knowledge available for risk management, comprehending the toxicity of NPs in ecosystems is both awaiting and crucial. The present review aims to unravel the potential environmental influences of nano-scaled materials, and provides in-depth inferences of the current knowledge and understanding in this field. The review comprehensively summarizes the sources, fate, transport, toxicity, health risks, and remediation solutions associated with NP pollution in aquatic and soil ecosystems. Furthermore, it addresses the knowledge gaps and outlines further investigation priorities for the sustainable control of NP pollution in these environments. By gaining a holistic understanding of these aspects, we can work toward ensuring the responsible and sustainable use of NPs in today's fast-growing world.

关键词： Bioavailability Fate and transport Nanosized particles Nanotoxicology Silver nanoparticles Toxicity

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Multifunctional 4d-printed redox-responsive needle panel meter employing geometric changes for glucose and lactate concentration measurements

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Materials & design 2025年 255卷

作者： Tzu-Hsuan Yang Yihenew Simegniew Birhan Po-Cheng Chu Leimapokpam Romina Chanu Ping-Shan Lai Department of Chemistry National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational Sciences Debre Markos University P.O. Box 269 Debre Markos Ethiopia Basic Research and Development Department Powin Biomedical Co. Ltd. Taichung 428 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan

Most biosensors routinely used for the detection of body metabolites commonly suffer from low patient compliance due to invasive sampling, high cost, and lack of portability for point-of-care (POC) diagnostic applications. Thus, we aimed to fabricate robust, user-friendly, affordable, and redox-responsive four-dimensional (4d)-printed needle panel meter (NPM) from 2,2ꞌ-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol (EddT) and phrozen resin (PR) for glucose (GLU) and lactate (LAC) detection from blood, sweat and urine samples. Optimal needle bending was noticed upon the addition of target analytes into the NPM containing glucose oxidase (GOx, 5 U/mL, p H = 5.0, 20 min) or lactate oxidase (LOx, 0.01 U/mL, p H = 7.0, 45 min) and reversed back when reduced with NaBH 4 (1.25 wt%). To ensure its feasibility and equitable distribution in underprivileged sub-Saharan African countries (SSACs), three sets of concentration scale marks analogous to the temperature ranges of 20-26℃, 27-33℃, and 34-40℃ were adopted. The NPM precisely measured significantly low concentrations of GLU and LAC in high-salt matrix samples with considerably low limits of detection (LOd): 0.21 and 0.11 µM, respectively. In conclusion, the reusability, storage stability, and ease of needle maintenance make the NPM desirable for the quantitative determination of GLU and LAC from complex biological samples.

关键词： 4d printing Glucose Lactate Biosensors Needle panel meters Redox-responsive 2d two-dimensional 3d three-dimensional 4d four-dimensional ASSUREd affordable, sensitive, user-friendly, rapid and robust, complex equipment-free, and delivered to user dM diabetes mellitus EAMs Electroanalytical methods ECA Electrochemical analyzer ECL Electrochemiluminescence EddT 2,2ꞌ-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol FBS fetal bovine serum FdA Food and drug Administration FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectrometer GAGO20 GLU assay kit GLU glucose GOx glucose oxidase LAC lactate LOd limits of detection LOx lactate oxidase MAK329 LAC assay kit NPM needle panel meter POC point-of-care PR phrozen resin RE reduction efficiency RE relative error Sd standard deviations SR spiked recovery SS sweat sample SSACs sub-Saharan African countries STL stereolithographic US urine sample

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design of Electrocatalytic Janus WSeS/WSe2 Heterostructure Nanowall Electrodes with High Selectivity and Faradaic Efficiency for Nitrogen Reduction

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Advanced Energy Materials 2023年第46期13卷

作者： Peng, Yu-Ren Tang, Shin-Yi Yang, Tzi-Yi Sino, Paul Albert Chen, Yuan-Chun Chaudhary, Mayur Chen, Chieh-Ting Cyu, Ruei-Hong Chung, Chia-Chen Gu, Bing-Ni Liu, Ming-Jing Hsu, Che-Hao Huang, Hung-Yi Lee, Ling Wu, Shu-Chi Jen, Yu-Yi Cheng, You-Song Hu, Chi-Chang Miao, Wen-Chien Kuo, Hao-Chung Chueh, Yu-Lun Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Ph. D. Program in Prospective Functional Materials Industry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan College of Semiconductor Research National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Physics National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Center for Nanotechnology Materials Science and Microsystem National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Semiconductor Research Center Hon Hai Research Institute Taipei11492 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Instrument Center National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Instrumentation Resource Center National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taiwan Department of Photonics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan

The electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is an attractive process for next-generation ammonia synthesis;therefore, identifying a suitable catalyst for this reaction is critical. In recent years, transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMds) and their Janus structures have gained significant attention because of their outstanding catalytic properties. However, the synthesis of Janus TMds remains challenging, and exposing their active sites is difficult when using a low-dimensional structure to improve the catalytic activity. To date, relatively little research has been conducted in this area. Herein, emerging Janus WSeS/WSe2 heterostructure nanowalls are systematically explored. These nanowalls are used as a nitrogen fixation catalyst in electrolytes. The nanowalls demonstrate a significant NH3 yield rate and Faradaic efficiency of 13.97 µg h-mgcat−1 and 35.24% at −0.3 V in 0.1 m HCl, as well as 15.96 µg h-mgcat−1 and 40.2% in 0.1 M Na2SO4. This study presents an in-depth analysis of the properties of Janus WSeS/WSe2 heterostructure nanowalls and a conceptual framework for linking TMd-based catalysts and the NRR. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Ammonia

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Natural sweetener glycyrrhizin protects against precocious puberty by modulating the gut microbiome

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Life sciences 2024年 350卷 122789页

作者： Nguyen, Nam Nhat Lin, Chia-Yuan Tsai, Wan-Ling Huang, Hui-Yu Chen, Chung-Ming Tung, Yu-Tang Chen, Yang-Ching International Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Department of Food Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung 202 Taiwan Department of Family Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Department of Health Promotion and Gerontological Care College of LOHAS Taipei University of Marine Technology New Taipei City 251 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Department of Pediatrics Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei 110 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Family Medicine Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei 116 Taiwan School of Nutrition and Health Sciences College of Nutrition Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Nutrition Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei 110 Taiwan

Aims: Precocious puberty (PP) may lead to many adverse outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that PP is a gut–brain disease. On the other hand, the use of glycyrrhizin, a natural sweetener, has become popular in the past decade. Glycyrrhizin possesses various health benefits, but its impact on PP has yet to be investigated. We aimed to explore the protective effects of glycyrrhizin against PP in both humans (observational) and animals (interventional). Materials and methods: In the human cohort, we investigated the association between glycyrrhizin consumption and risk of PP. In the animal experiment, we observed puberty onset after feeding danazol-induced PP rats with glycyrrizin. Blood, fecal, and hypothalamic samples were harvested to evaluate potential mechanistic pathways. We also performed a fecal microbiota transplantation to confirm to causal relationship between glycyrrhizin and PP risk. Key findings: Glycyrrhizin exhibited a protective effect against PP in children (OR 0.60, 95%CI: 0.39–0.89, p = 0.013), primarily driven by its significance in girls, while no significant effect was observed in boys. This effect was consistent with findings in rodents. These benefits were achieved through the modulation of the gut microbiome, which functionally suppressed the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and prevented PP progression. A fecal microbiota transplantation indicated that the causal correlation between glycyrrhizin intake and PP is mediated by the gut microbiome alterations. Significance: Our findings suggest that glycyrrhizin can protect against PP by altering the gut microbiome. Long term use of glycyrrhizin is safe and tolerable. Therefore, glycyrrhizin can serve as a safe and affordable complementary therapy for PP. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Fecal microbiota transplantation Glycyrrhizin Gut microbiome Gut-brain disease Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis Natural sweetener Precocious puberty

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Corrigendum to "SnO2-xNx based tpod nanostructure for SARS-CoV2 spike protein detection" [234 (2023) Oct 1, 116505]

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Environmental research 2024年 242卷 117677页

作者： Nallin Sharma Chia-Hung Chi deepak dabur Andrew Chi-Chang Tsai Hui-Fen Wu Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 70 Lien-Hai Road Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan. International Ph.D. Program for Science National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan. Jeenn Chwanq Enterprise Co. Ltd No. 14 Dazhu Road Kaohsiung 833 Taiwan. Department of Chemistry National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 70 Lien-Hai Road Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807 Taiwan Institute of Precision Medicine College of Medicine National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program for Science National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan Institute of Medical Science and Technology National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan. Electronic address: hwu@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw.

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Activation of PI3K/Akt mediates the protective effect of diallyl trisulfide on doxorubicin induced cardiac apoptosis

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Current Research in Toxicology 2023年 5卷 100136页

作者： Wen, Su-Ying Ng, Shang-Chuan Ho, Wen-Kun Huang, Han-Zhe Huang, Chih-Yang Kuo, Wei-Wen Department of Dermatology Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch Taipei Taiwan Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management Mackay Junior College of Medicine Nursing and Management Taipei Taiwan Department of Health Care Management National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences Taipei Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology College of Life Sciences China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Taiwan Center of General Education Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology Hualien Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan

diallyl trisulfide (dATS), an organosulfide compound derived from garlic, is renowned for its potent antioxidant properties, particularly in countering the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has also gained recognition as a potential agent for preventing heart-related conditions. doxorubicin (dox), a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, is known to induce severe cardiac complications by promoting ROS production. Therefore, it was imperative to investigate whether dATS possesses cardioprotective capabilities against dox-induced cardiac apoptosis and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we observed that the intracellular ROS levels and cardiac apoptosis were heightened in H9c2 cells exposed to dox (1 μM). However, treatment with 10 μM dATS effectively mitigated the dox-induced ROS generation and apoptotic signaling, concurrently activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Notably, the anti-apoptotic effects of dATS were attenuated when PI3K siRNA and the LY294002 PI3K inhibitor were employed. Furthermore, the TUNEL assay results demonstrated a significant reduction in dox-induced apoptosis with dATS treatment. In summary, our findings indicate that dATS can activate the PI3K/Akt pathway, reducing ROS production in cardiac cells exposed to dox, and subsequently rescue cardiac cells from apoptosis. © 2023 The Authors

关键词： Cardiac apoptosis dially trisulfide doxorubicin Reactive oxygen species

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Bioactive phytol from Thymus vulgaris, a promising source of alternative medicine to combat bla KPC and bla OXA-48 genotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae : A retrospective in vitro and in silico approach

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Microbial Pathogenesis 2025年 206卷

作者： Shibasini Murugan Vijay Karuppiah Sangavi Pandi Mani Govindasamy Kavitha Thangavel Department of Microbiology Science Campus Alagappa University Karaikudi Tamil Nadu India Department of Microbiology Thiagarajar College (An Autonomous institution Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University) Madurai Tamil Nadu India Department of Bioinformatics Science Campus Alagappa University Karaikudi Tamil Nadu India Department of Microbiology Center for Bioinformatics Karpagam Academy of Higher Education Coimbatore Tamil Nadu 641 021 India International Ph.D Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Science and Technology New Taipei City 24303 Taiwan

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a significant public health challenge due to its multidrug resistance and limited treatment options. This study investigates the antibacterial potential of Thymus vulgaris ethanolic extract and its bioactive compounds against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains harboring bla KPC and bla OXA-48 carbapenemase genes. The presence of these resistance genes was confirmed by multiplex PCR. The extract exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect, with a maximum inhibition zone of 18 ± 1.5 mm at 100 μg. Chromatographic techniques, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography, yielded six fractions, among which fraction F3 showed the strongest antibacterial activity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analyses identified phytol as the predominant bioactive constituent. Further evaluation of phytol revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 125 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 250 μg/mL against CRKP. Alamar Blue viability assays and bacterial culture confirmed phytol's bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, independent of the ethanol solvent. These findings suggest that phytol inhibits bacterial growth, possibly through membrane-targeting mechanisms. Notably, this study is among the first to comprehensively assess phytol's efficacy against carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strains carrying bla KPC and bla OXA-48 genes, integrating molecular characterization, chromatographic purification and antimicrobial activity. Overall, the results highlight phytol as a promising natural agent to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and address the urgent global threat of antibiotic resistance.

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Anethole mitigates H2O2-induced inflammation in HIG-82 synoviocytes by suppressing the aquaporin 1 expression and activating the protein kinase A pathway

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Environmental Toxicology 2024年第2期39卷 965-978页

作者： Huang, Tai-Lung Chang, Yu-Chun Tsai, Bruce Chi-Kang Chen, Tung-Sheng Kao, Shih-Wen Tsai, Yung-Yun Lin, Shinn-Zong Yao, Chun-Hsu Lin, Kuan-Ho Kuo, Wei-Wen Huang, Chih-Yang Department of Biological Science and Technology College of Life Sciences China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Orthopedics Chung-Kang Branch Cheng Ching General Hospital Taichung Taiwan Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Taiwan School of Life Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Physical Therapy Asia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Neurosurgery Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Taiwan Bioinnovation Center Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien Taiwan Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science China Medical University Taichung Taiwan School of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Biomaterials Translational Research Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering Asia University Taichung Taiwan Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Emergency Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan College of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung Taiwan Center of General Education Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology Hualien Taiwan

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting approximately 1% of the global population, with a higher prevalence in women than in men. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of RA. Anethole, a prominent compound derived from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), possesses a spectrum of therapeutic properties, including anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and tumor-suppressive effects. However, its specific impact on RA remains underexplored. This study sought to uncover the potential therapeutic value of anethole in treating RA by employing an H2O2-induced inflammation model with HIG-82 synovial cells. Our results demonstrated that exposure to H2O2 induced the inflammation and apoptosis in these cells. Remarkably, anethole treatment effectively countered these inflammatory and apoptotic processes triggered by H2O2. Moreover, we identified the aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and protein kinase A (PKA) pathway as critical regulators of inflammation and apoptosis. H2O2 stimulation led to an increase in the AQP1 expression and a decrease in p-PKA-C, contributing to cartilage degradation. Conversely, anethole not only downregulated the AQP1 expression but also activated the PKA pathway, effectively suppressing cell inflammation and apoptosis. Furthermore, anethole also inhibited the enzymes responsible for cartilage degradation. In summary, our findings highlight the potential of anethole as a therapeutic agent for mitigating H2O2-induced inflammation and apoptosis in synovial cells, offering promising prospects for future RA treatments. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

关键词： Cell death

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dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine: A Synergistic Approach to Reduce Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Bariatric Surgery Patients

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Obesity surgery 2024年第6期34卷 2253-2254页

作者： Po-Chih Chang Ya-Wei Huang Chih-Kun Huang Ting-Wei Chang School of Medicine College of Medicine National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung City Taiwan. Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital/Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan. Weight Management Center Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan. Ph. D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan. Department of Sports Medicine College of Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan. Department of Nursing Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan. Body Science and Metabolic Disorders International Medical Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung City Taiwan. Division of Thoracic Surgery Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital/Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan. drchangtingwei@***. Weight Management Center Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan. drchangtingwei@***.

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