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Cover Feature: Synthesis of Oligonucleotides containing thecis-Interstrand Crosslink Produced by Mitomycins in their Reaction with dNA (Chem. Eur. J. 55/2020)

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Chemistry – A European Journal 2020年第55期26卷 12491-12491页

作者： William Aguilar Owen Zacarias Marian Romaine Prof. Gloria Proni Prof. Ana G. Petrovic Prof. dr. Rinat Abzalimov dr. Manuel M. Paz Prof. Elise Champeil Science Department John Jay College of Criminal Justice 524 West 59th street New York NY 10019 USA New York Institute of Technology 1855 Broadway EGGC 405A New York NY 10023 USA City University of New York Advanced Research Center 85 St Nicholas Terrace New York NY 10031 USA Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York NY 10016 USA Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Química Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela A Coruña 15782 Spain

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A detailed study of the very-high-energy Crab pulsar emission with the LST-1

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Abe, K. Abe, S. Abhishek, A. Acero, F. Aguasca-Cabot, A. Agudo, I. Alvarez Crespo, N. Antonelli, L.A. Aramo, C. Arbet-Engels, A. Arcaro, C. Artero, M. Asano, K. Aubert, P. Baktash, A. Bamba, A. Baquero Larriva, A. Baroncelli, L. Barres de Almeida, U. Barrio, J.A. Batkovic, I. Baxter, J. Becerra González, J. Bernardini, E. Bernete Medrano, J. Berti, A. Bhattacharjee, P. Bigongiari, C. Bissaldi, E. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bordas, P. Brunelli, G. Bulgarelli, A. Burelli, I. Burmistrov, L. Buscemi, M. Cardillo, M. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Carrasco, M.S. Cassol, F. Castrejón, N. Cauz, d. Cerasole, d. Ceribella, G. Chai, Y. Cheng, K. Chiavassa, A. Chikawa, M. Chon, G. Chytka, L. Cicciari, G.M. Cifuentes, A. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Costantini, H. da Vela, P. dalchenko, M. dazzi, F. de Angelis, A. de Bony de Lavergne, M. de Lotto, B. de Menezes, R. del Peral, L. delgado, C. delgado Mengual, J. della Volpe, d. dellaiera, M. di Piano, A. di Pierro, F. di Tria, R. di Venere, L. díaz, C. dominik, R.M. dominis Prester, d. donini, A. dorner, d. doro, M. Eisenberger, L. Elsässer, d. Emery, G. Escudero, J. Fallah Ramazani, V. Ferrarotto, F. Fiasson, A. Foffano, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fröse, S. Fukazawa, Y. Garcia López, R. Gasbarra, C. Gasparrini, d. Gavira, L. Geyer, d. Giesbrecht Paiva, J. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinovic, N. Grau, R. Green, d. Green, J. Gunji, S. Günther, P. Hackfeld, J. Hadasch, d. Hahn, A. Hassan, T. Hayashi, K. Heckmann, L. Heller, M. Herrera Llorente, J. Hirotani, K. Hoffmann, d. Horns, d. Houles, J. Hrabovsky, M. Hrupec, d. Hui, d. Iarlori, M. Imazawa, R. Inada, T. Inome, Y. Ioka, K. Iori, M. Jimenez Martinez, I. Jiménez Quiles, J. Jurysek, J. Kagaya, M. Karas, V. Katagiri, H. Kataoka, J. Kerszberg, d. Kobayashi, Y. Kohri, K. Kong, A. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lainez, M. Lamanna, G. Lamastra, A. Lemoigne, L. Linhoff, M. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Lorini, A. Lozano Bahilo, J. Luque-Escamilla, P.L. Department of Physics Tokai University 4-1-1 Kita-Kaname Hi-ratsuka Kanagawa259-1292 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha Chiba Kashiwa277-8582 Japan Sezione di Fisica Via Roma 56 Siena53100 Italy Université Paris-Saclay Université Paris Cité CEA CNRS AIM Gif-sur-YvetteF-91191 Cedex France FSLAC IRL 2009 CNRS IAC Tenerife La Laguna Spain Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica Institut de Ciències del Cosmos Universitat de Barcelona IEEC-UB Martí i Franquès 1 Barcelona08028 Spain Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC Glorieta de la As-tronomía s/n Granada18008 Spain IPARCOS-UCM Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos EMFTEL Department Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ciudad Universitaria Plaza de Ciencias 1 Madrid28040 Spain INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma Via di Frascati 33 Monteporzio Catone00040 Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Via Cintia ed. G Napoli80126 Italy Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Föhringer Ring 6 München80805 Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Università degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 8 Padova35131 Italy The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Campus UAB Bellaterra Barcelona08193 Spain Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules - IN2P3 Annecy74000 France Universität Hamburg Institut für Experimentalphysik Luruper Chaussee 149 Hamburg22761 Germany Graduate School of Science University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Faculty of Science and Technology Universidad del Azuay Cuenca Ecuador INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello spazio di Bologna Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 Bologna40129 Italy Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas Rua Xavier Sigaud 150 RJ Rio de Janeiro22290-180 Brazil Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Departamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna C. Vía Láctea s/n Santa Cruz de Tenerife La Laguna38205 Spain CIEMAT Avda. Complutense

Context. There are currently three pulsars firmly detected by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), two of them reaching the TeV energy range, challenging models of very-high-energy (VHE) emission in pulsars. More precise observations are needed to better characterize pulsar emission at these energies. The LST-1 is the prototype of the Large-Sized Telescope, that will be part of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO). Its improved performance over previous IACTs makes it well suited for studying pulsars. Aims. In this work we aim to study the Crab pulsar emission with the LST-1, improving and complementing the results from other telescopes. Crab pulsar observations can also be used to characterize the potential of the LST-1 to study other pulsars and detect new ones. Methods. We analyzed a total of ∼103 hours of gamma-ray observations of the Crab pulsar conducted with the LST-1 in the period from September 2020 to January 2023. The observations were carried out at zenith angles less than 50 degrees. To characterize the Crab pulsar emission over a broader energy range, a new analysis of the Fermi-LAT data was also performed, including ∼14 years of observations. Results. The Crab pulsar phaseogram, long-term light-curve, and phase-resolved spectra is reconstructed with the LST-1 from 20 GeV to 450 GeV for P1 and up to 700 GeV for P2. The pulsed emission is detected with a significance level of 15.2σ. The two characteristic emission peaks of the Crab pulsar are clearly detected (>10σ), as well as the so-called bridge emission between them (5.7σ). We find that both peaks are well described by power laws, with spectral indices of ∼3.44 and ∼3.03 respectively. The joint analysis of Fermi-LAT and LST-1 data shows a good agreement between both instruments in the overlapping energy range. The detailed results obtained in the first observations of the Crab pulsar with LST-1 show the potential that CTAO will have to study this type of sources. © 2024, CC

关键词： Gamma rays

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demonstration of higher-order topological States in photonic kagome lattice with next-nearest-neighbour coupling

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2020年第1期2300卷

作者： d. Zhirihin M. Li M. Gorlach X. Ni d. Filonov A. Slobozhanyuk A. Alu A. B. Khanikaev 1Department of Electrical Engineering Grove School of Engineering 160 Covent Avenue City College of New York 10031 NY USA 2Department of Physics and Engineering ITMO University 49 Kronverksky Pr. 197101 St. Petersburg Russia 3Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New York 365 5th Avenue 10016 New York NY USA 4Center for Photonics and 2D Materials Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudny 141700 Russia 5Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York 10031 New York NY USA

In this paper, we investigate topological states in a two-dimensional distorted Kagome lattice with next- nearest-neighbour (NNN) coupling. We show that introducing NNN coupling leads to the emergence of a new type of higher-order corner states in a non-trivial topological phase. Using near-field scanning technique, we verify our theoretical predictions in the microwave frequency range and demonstrate field profiles for both conventional and new type of corner states. The experimental results are in perfect agreement with numerical simulations of finite structure.

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Publisher Correction: Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

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Eye (London, England) 2024年第11期38卷 2229-2231页

作者： Konrad Pesudovs Hugh R. Taylor Tabassom Sedighi Rupert R. A. Bourne Shahina Pardhan Van Charles Lansingh John H. Kempen Ian Tapply Arthur G. Fernandes Maria Vittoria Cicinelli Alessandro Arrigo Nicolas Leveziel Serge Resnikoff Seth Flaxman Mukkharram M. Bikbov Tasanee Braithwaite Alain Bron Ching-Yu Cheng Monte A. del Monte Joshua R. Ehrlich Leon B. Ellwein david Friedman João M. Furtado Gus Gazzard Ronnie George M. Elizabeth Hartnett Jost B. Jonas Rim Kahloun Moncef Khairallah Rohit C. Khanna Janet Leasher Julie-Anne Little Vinay Nangia Michal Nowak Tunde Peto Pradeep Ramulu Fotis Topouzis Mitiadis Tsilimbaris Ya Xing Wang Ningli Wang Paul Svitil Briant Theo Vos Katrin Burkart Kaleb Coberly Xiaochen dai Stephen S. Lim Tomislav Mestrovic Ali H. Mokdad Christopher J. L. Murray Jaimie d. Steinmetz Awoke Misganaw Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate Mohammad Abdollahi Mozhan Abdollahi Ayele Mamo Abebe Olumide Abiodun Richard Gyan Aboagye Woldu Aberhe Abrha Hasan Abualruz Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Salahdein Aburuz Tadele Girum Girum Adal Mesafint Molla Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Muhammad Sohail Afzal Muhammad Umair Shahin Aghamiri Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Ahmad Samir Alfaar Abid Ali Syed Shujait Shujait Ali Awais Altaf Hubert Amu Emmanuel Manu Sofia Androudi Rodrigo Anguita Abhishek Anil Rimple Jeet Kaur Muhammad Aaqib Shamim Saeid Anvari Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor Francis Appiah Jalal Arabloo Haleh Ayatollahi Mosab Arafat damelash Areda Reza Arefnezhad Brhane Berhe Aregawi Akeza Awealom Asgedom Tahira Ashraf Seyyed Shamsadin Athari Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu Birhan Tsegaw Taye Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout Alok Atreya Ahmed Y. Azzam Hassan Babamohamadi Sara Bagherieh Yogesh Bahurupi Atif Amin Baig Shumaila Nargus Biswajit Banik Mainak Bardhan Saurav Basu Kavita Batra Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn Fatemeh Bazvand Addisu Shunu Beyene Awoke Masrie Asrat derese devidas S. Bhagat Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula Pankaj Bh Medicine & Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia Vision and Eye Research Institute Anglia Ruskin University Cambridge UK HelpMeSee Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia Santiago de Querétaro Mexico University of Miami Gables FL USA University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA Chief Medical Office HelpMeSee New York NY USA Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology Queretaro Mexico Department of Ophthalmology Massachusetts Eye and Ear/Shepens Eye Research Institute/Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Christian Medical Center (MCM) Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and MyungSun Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Ophthalmology Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Sight for Souls Bellevue WA USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvard University Boston MA USA Eye Unit MyungSung Medical College Addis Ababa Ethiopia Addenbrooke’s Hospital Cambridge UK Department of Ophthalmology Cambridge University Hospitals Cambridge UK Federal University of Sao Paolo Sao Paolo SP Brazil University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Federal University of São Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy Department of Ophthalmology San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milano Italy IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Vita-Salute University Milan Italy Scientific Institute San Raffaele Hospital Vita-Salute University Milan Italy University of Poitiers Poitiers France CHU de Poitiers Poitiers France Ophthalmology Department CHU de Poitiers (Poitiers University Hospital) Poitiers France Unité 1084 National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Poitiers France

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Overview of KAGRA : data transfer and management

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Progress of Theoretical and Experimental physics 2023年第10期2023卷

作者： Akutsu, T Ando, M Arai, K Arai, Y Araki, S Araya, A Aritomi, N Asada, H Aso, Y Bae, S Bae, Y Baiotti, L Bajpai, R Barton, M A Cannon, K Cao, Z Capocasa, E Chan, M Chen, C Chen, K Chen, Y Chiang, C-Y Chu, H Chu, Y-K Eguchi, S Enomoto, Y Flaminio, R Fujii, Y Fujikawa, Y Fukunaga, M Fukushima, M Gao, d Ge, G Ha, S Hagiwara, A Haino, S Han, W-B Hasegawa, K Hattori, K Hayakawa, H Hayama, K Himemoto, Y Hiranuma, Y Hirata, N Hirose, E Hong, Z Hsieh, B Huang, G-Z Huang, H-Y Huang, P Huang, Y-C Huang, Y Hui, d C Y Ide, S Ikenoue, B Imam, S Inayoshi, K Inoue, Y Ioka, K Ito, K Itoh, Y Izumi, K Jeon, C Jin, H-B Jung, K Jung, P Kaihotsu, K Kajita, T Kakizaki, M Kamiizumi, M Kanda, N Kang, G Kawaguchi, K Kawai, N Kawasaki, T Kim, C Kim, J Kim, J C Kim, W S Kim, Y-M Kimura, N Kita, N Kitazawa, H Kobayashi, Y Kojima, Y Kokeyama, K Komori, K Kong, A K H Kotake, K Kozakai, C Kozu, R Kumar, R Kume, J Kuo, C Kuo, H-S Kuromiya, Y Kuroyanagi, S Kusayanagi, K Kwak, K Lee, H K Lee, H W Lee, R Leonardi, M Li, K L Lin, L C-C Lin, C-Y Lin, F-K Lin, F-L Lin, H L Liu, G C Luo, L-W Majorana, E Marchio, M Michimura, Y Mio, N Miyakawa, O Miyamoto, A Miyazaki, Y Miyo, K Miyoki, S Mori, Y Morisaki, S Moriwaki, Y Nagano, K Nagano, S Nakamura, K Nakano, H Nakano, M Nakashima, R Nakayama, Y Narikawa, T Naticchioni, L Negishi, R Quynh, L Nguyen Ni, W-T Nishizawa, A Nozaki, S Obuchi, Y Ogaki, W Oh, J J Oh, K Oh, S H Ohashi, M Ohashi, T Ohishi, N Ohkawa, M Ohta, H Okutani, Y Okutomi, K Oohara, K Ooi, C Oshino, S Otabe, S Pan, K Pang, H Parisi, A Park, J Arellano, F E Peña Pinto, I Sago, N Saito, S Saito, Y Sakai, K Sakai, Y Sakuno, Y Sasaki, Y Sato, S Sato, T Sawada, T Sekiguchi, T Sekiguchi, Y Shao, L Shibagaki, S Shimizu, R Shimoda, T Shimode, K Shinkai, H Shishido, T Shoda, A Somiya, K Son, E J Sotani, H Sugimoto, R Suresh, J Suzuki, T Tagoshi, H Takahashi, H Takahashi, R Takamori, A Takano, S Takeda, H Takeda, M Tanaka, H Tanaka, K Tanaka, T Tanioka, S Martin, E N Tapia San Telada, S Tomaru, T Tomigami, Y Tomura, T Travasso, F Trozzo, L Tsang, T Ts Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Department of Physics The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Research Center for the Early Universe (RESCEU) The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) KAGRA Observatory The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-Ha Kashiwa City Chiba 277-8582 Japan Accelerator Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Earthquake Research Institute The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0032 Japan Department of Mathematics and Physics Hirosaki University 3 Bunkyo-cho Hirosaki City Aomori 036-8561 Japan Kamioka Branch National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) 238 Higashi-Mozumi Kamioka-cho Hida City Gifu 506-1205 Japan The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) 245 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Korea National Institute for Mathematical Sciences 70 Yuseong-daero 1689 Beon-gil Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34047 Korea International College Osaka University 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho Toyonaka City Osaka 560-0043 Japan School of High Energy Accelerator Science The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) 1-1 Oho Tsukuba City Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekou Street Beijing 100875 China Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University 8-19-1 Nanakuma Jonan Fukuoka City Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan Department of Physics Tamkang University No. 151 Yingzhuan Rd. Danshui Dist. New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Department of Physics and Institute of Astronomy Nation

KAGRA is a newly built gravitational wave observatory, a laser interferometer with a 3 km arm length, located in Kamioka, Gifu prefecture, Japan. In this article, we describe the KAGRA data management system, i.e., recording of data, transfer from the KAGRA experiment site to computing resources, as well as data distribution to tier sites, including international sites in Taiwan and Korea. The amount of KAGRA data exceeded 1.0 PiB and increased by about 1.5 TB per day during operation in 2020. Our system has succeeded in data management, and has achieved performance that can withstand observations after 2023, that is, a transfer rate of 20 MB s-1or more and file storage of sufficient capacity for petabyte class. We also discuss the sharing of data between the global gravitational-wave detector network with other experiments, namely LIGO and Virgo. The latency, which consists of calculation of calibrated strain data and transfer time within the global network, is very important from the view of multi-messenger astronomy using gravitational waves. Real-time calbrated data delivered from the KAGRA detector site and other detectors to our computing system arrive with about 4–15 seconds of latency. These latencies are sufficiently short compared to the time taken for gravitational wave event search computations. We also established a high-latency exchange of offline calibrated data that was aggregated with a better accuracy compared with real-time data.

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Publisher Correction: Firn on ice sheets

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Nature Reviews Earth & Environment 2024年 330页

作者： Charles Amory Christo Buizert Sammie Buzzard Elizabeth Case Nicole Clerx Riley Culberg Rajashree Tri datta devon dunmire Jan T. M. Lenaerts Megan Thompson-Munson Nander Wever Rahul dey Reinhard drews Falk M. Oraschewski Clare Eayrs Nicolaj Hansen Sebastian B. Simonsen Angelika Humbert Athul Kaitheri Kaitlin Keegan Ian Mcdowell Peter Kuipers Munneke Stef Lhermitte Sophie de Roda Husman Bert Wouters doug Mair Jessica Mejia Colin R. Meyer Elizabeth Morris dorothea Moser Elizabeth R. Thomas Emma Pearce Nicole-Jeanne Schlegel Timm Schultz C. Max Stevens Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement University Grenoble Alpes CNRS Grenoble France College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences Northumbria University Newcastle upon Tyne UK Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University NY USA Department of Geosciences Université de Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Cornell University Ithaca NY USA Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USA WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Davos Switzerland National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR) Ministry of Earth Sciences Vasco da Gama Goa India Department of Geosciences University of Tübingen Tübingen Germany Center for Global Sea Level Change New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE Department of Glacial Environment Research Korea Polar Research Institute Incheon Republic of Korea Geodesy and Earth Observation DTU Space Technical University of Denmark Kongens Lyngby Denmark Danish Meteorological Institute Copenhagen Denmark Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany Faculty of Geosciences University of Bremen Bremen Germany Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur Université Côte d’Azur CNRS Valbonne France Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering University of Nevada Reno USA Graduate Program of Hydrologic Sciences University of Nevada Reno NV USA Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (IMAU) Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Geoscience and Remote Sensing Delft University of Technology (TUDel

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The radius of PSR J0740+6620 from nicer and XMM-Newton data

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Miller, M.C. Lamb, F.K. dittmann, A.J. Bogdanov, S. Arzoumanian, Z. Gendreau, K.C. Guillot, S. Ho, W.C.G. Lattimer, J.M. Loewenstein, M. Morsink, S.M. Ray, P.S. Wolff, M.T. Baker, C.L. Cazeau, T. Manthripragada, S. Markwardt, C.B. Okajima, T. Pollard, S. Cognard, I. Cromartie, H.T. Fonseca, E. Guillemot, L. Kerr, M. Parthasarathy, A. Pennucci, T.T. Ransom, S. Stairs, I. Department of Astronomy and Joint Space-Science Institute University of Maryland College ParkMD20742-2421 United States Illinois Center for Advanced Studies of the Universe and Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1110 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801-3080 United States Department of Astronomy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1002 West Green Street UrbanaIL61801-3074 United States Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory Columbia University 550 West 120th Street New YorkNY10027 United States X-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Code 662 GreenbeltMD20771 United States IRAP CNRS 9 avenue du Colonel Roche Toulouse Cedex 4F-31028 France Université de Toulouse CNES UPS-OMP ToulouseF-31028 France Department of Physics and Astronomy Haverford College 370 Lancaster Avenue HaverfordPA19041 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University Stony BrookNY11794-3800 United States Department of Astronomy University of Maryland College ParkMD20742-2421 United States Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology NASA/GSFC GreenbeltMD20771 United States Department of Physics University of Alberta 4-183 CCIS EdmontonABT6G 2E1 Canada Space Science Division U.S. Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDC20375 United States Applied Engineering and Technology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Instrument Systems and Technology Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Astrophysics Science Division NASA Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States Station de Radioastronomie de Nançay Observatoire de Paris CNRS/INSU Université d'Orléans Nançay18330 France 9 Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement CNRS 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique Orléans Cedex 245071 France Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science and Department of Astronomy Cornell Unive

PSR J0740+6620 has a gravitational mass of 2:08 ± 0:07 Mo, which is the highest reliably determined mass of any neutron star. As a result, a measurement of its radius will provide unique insight into the properties of neutron star core matter at high densities. Here we report a radius measurement based on fits of rotating hot spot patterns to Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) X-ray observations. We find that the equatorial circumferential radius of PSR J0740+6620 is 13:7+2:6-1:5 km (68%). We apply our measurement, combined with the previous NICER mass and radius measurement of PSR J0030+0451, the masses of two other ∼ 2 Mo pulsars, and the tidal deformability constraints from two gravitational wave events, to three different frameworks for equation of state modeling, and find consistent results at ∼ 1:5-3 times nuclear saturation density. For a given framework, when all measurements are included the radius of a 1:4 Mo neutron star is known to ±4% (68% credibility) and the radius of a 2:08 Mo neutron star is known to ±5%. The full radius range that spans the ±1σ credible intervals of all the radius estimates in the three frameworks is 12:45±0:65 km for a 1:4 Mo neutron star and 12:35±0:75 km for a 2:08 Mo neutron star. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Equations of state

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First Constraints on the Epoch of Reionization Using the Non-Gaussianity of the Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect from the South Pole Telescope and Herschel-SPIRE Observations

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physical Review Letters 2024年第12期133卷 121004页

作者： S. Raghunathan P. A. R. Ade A. J. Anderson B. Ansarinejad M. Archipley J. E. Austermann L. Balkenhol J. A. Beall K. Benabed A. N. Bender B. A. Benson F. Bianchini L. E. Bleem J. Bock F. R. Bouchet L. Bryant E. Camphuis J. E. Carlstrom T. W. Cecil C. L. Chang P. Chaubal H. C. Chiang P. M. Chichura T.-L. Chou R. Citron A. Coerver T. M. Crawford A. T. Crites A. Cukierman C. daley K. R. dibert M. A. dobbs A. doussot d. dutcher W. Everett C. Feng K. R. Ferguson K. Fichman A. Foster S. Galli J. Gallicchio A. E. Gambrel R. W. Gardner F. Ge E. M. George N. Goeckner-Wald R. Gualtieri F. Guidi S. Guns N. Gupta T. de Haan N. W. Halverson E. Hivon G. P. Holder W. L. Holzapfel J. C. Hood J. d. Hrubes A. Hryciuk N. Huang J. Hubmayr K. d. Irwin F. Kéruzoré A. R. Khalife L. Knox M. Korman K. Kornoelje C.-L. Kuo A. T. Lee K. Levy d. Li A. E. Lowitz C. Lu A. Maniyar E. S. Martsen J. J. McMahon F. Menanteau M. Millea J. Montgomery C. Corbett Moran Y. Nakato T. Natoli J. P. Nibarger G. I. Noble V. Novosad Y. Omori S. Padin Z. Pan P. Paschos S. Patil K. A. ph.d.e K. Prabhu C. Pryke W. Quan M. Rahimi A. Rahlin C. L. Reichardt M. Rouble J. E. Ruhl B. R. Saliwanchik K. K. Schaffer E. Schiappucci C. Sievers G. Smecher J. A. Sobrin A. A. Stark J. Stephen A. Suzuki C. Tandoi K. L. Thompson B. Thorne C. Trendafilova C. Tucker C. Umilta T. Veach J. d. Vieira M. P. Viero Y. Wan G. Wang N. Whitehorn W. L. K. Wu V. Yefremenko M. R. Young J. A. Zebrowski M. Zemcov Center for AstroPhysical Surveys School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3YB United Kingdom Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory MS209 P.O. Box 500 Batavia Illinois 60510 USA Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue Chicago Illinois 60637 USA School of Physics University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia Department of Astronomy University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign 1002 West Green Street Urbana Illinois 61801 USA NIST Quantum Devices Group 325 Broadway Mailcode 817.03 Boulder Colorado 80305 USA Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris UMR 7095 CNRS and Sorbonne Université 98 bis boulevard Arago 75014 Paris France High-Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue Lemont Illinois 60439 USA Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology Stanford University 452 Lomita Mall Stanford California 94305 USA Department of Physics Stanford University 382 Via Pueblo Mall Stanford California 94305 USA SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo Park California 94025 USA California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91109 USA Enrico Fermi Institute University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Department of Physics University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Department of Physics and McGill Space Institute McGill University 3600 Rue University Montreal Quebec H3A 2T8 Canada School of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Science University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa University of Chicago 5640 South Ellis Avenue Chicago Illinois 60637 USA Department of Physics

We report results from an analysis aimed at detecting the trispectrum of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (kSZ) effect by combining data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Herschel-SPIRE experiments over a 100 deg2 field. The SPT observations combine data from the previous and current surveys, namely SPTpol and SPT-3G, to achieve depths of 4.5, 3, and 16 μK−arcmin in bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. For SPIRE, we include data from the 600 and 857 GHz bands. We reconstruct the velocity-induced large-scale correlation of the small-scale kSZ signal with a quadratic estimator that uses two cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature maps, constructed by optimally combining data from all the frequency bands. We reject the null hypothesis of a zero trispectrum at 10.3σ level. However, the measured trispectrum contains contributions from both the kSZ and other undesired components, such as CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds, with kSZ being sub-dominant. We use the agora simulations to estimate the expected signal from CMB lensing and astrophysical foregrounds. After accounting for the contributions from CMB lensing and foreground signals, we do not detect an excess kSZ-only trispectrum and use this nondetection to set constraints on reionization. By applying a prior based on observations of the Gunn-Peterson trough, we obtain an upper limit on the duration of reionization of Δzre,50<4.5 (95% confidence level). We find these constraints are fairly robust to foregrounds assumptions. This trispectrum measurement is independent of, but consistent with, Planck’s optical depth measurement. This result is the first constraint on the epoch of reionization using the non-Gaussian nature of the kSZ signal.

关键词： Cosmic microwave background Evolution of the Universe Formation & evolution of stars & galaxies

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Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using data from the Third Advanced LIGO–Virgo Observing Run

引用

physical Review Letters 2021年第24期126卷 241102-241102页

作者： R. Abbott T. d. Abbott S. Abraham F. Acernese K. Ackley A. Adams C. Adams R. X. Adhikari V. B. Adya C. Affeldt d. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. d. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu K. M. Aleman G. Allen A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier S. Appert Koya Arai Koji Arai Y. Arai S. Araki A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud S. M. Aronson H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin P. Auclair P. Aufmuth K. AultONeal C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai L. Baiotti J. Baird R. Bajpai M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer M. Bals A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri d. Bankar R. S. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish d. Barker P. Barneo S. Barnum F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia d. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley A. C. Baylor M. Bazzan B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto d. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin T. F. Bennett J. d. Bentley M. BenYaala F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi d. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari d. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik J. Bidler I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn J. Blackman C. d. Blair d. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boer G. Bogaert M. Boldrini F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks d. d. Brown S. Brunett G. Bruno R. Bruntz J. Bryant A. Buikema T. Bulik H. J. Bulten A. Buonanno R. Buscicchio d. Buskulic L. Cadonati M. Caesar G. Cagnoli C. Cahillane H. W. Cain, III J. Calderón Bustillo J. d LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S.Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia Christopher Newport University Newport News Virginia 23606 USA LIGO Livingston Observatory Livingston Louisiana 70754 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Gravity Exploration Institute Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Gran Sasso Science Institute (GSSI) I-67100 L’Aquila Italy INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso I-67100 Assergi Italy INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy Università di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan California State University Fullerton Fullerton California 92831 USA NCSA University of Illi

We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO–Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10−15. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.

关键词： Cosmic strings & domain walls Gravitational waves

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Report of the Topical Group on Cosmic Probes of Fundamental physics for for Snowmass 2021

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Adhikari, Rana X. Anchordoqui, Luis A. Fang, Ke Sathyaprakash, B.S. Tollefson, Kirsten Lewis, Tiffany R. Engel, Kristi Aboubrahim, Amin Akarsu, Özgür Akrami, Yashar Aloisio, Roberto Batista, Rafael Alves Ballardini, Mario Ballmer, Stefan W. Bechtol, Ellen Benisty, david Berti, Emanuele Birrer, Simon Bonilla, Alexander Brito, Richard Bustamante, Mauricio Caldwell, Robert Cardoso, Vitor Chakrabarti, Sukanya Chen, Thomas Y. Cicoli, Michele Clesse, Sebastien Coleman, Alan Cui, Yanou Cusin, Giulia daylan, Tansu dienes, Keith R. Valentino, Eleonora di dvorkin, Cora Escamilla-Rivera, Celia Farrar, Glennys R. Feng, Jonathan L. Frusciante, Noemi García-Bellido, Juan Canal, Carlos García Garzelli, Maria Vittoria Glombitza, Jonas Golup, Geraldina Gritsevich, Maria Haiman, Zoltan Haro, Jaume Hazra, dhiraj Kumar Heavens, Alan Holz, daniel Hörandel, Jörg R. Ishak, Mustapha Ivanov, Mikhail M. Joudaki, Shahab Kampert, Karl-Heinz C.M., Karwin R., Keeley M., Klasen R., Konoplich J.F., Krizmanic S., Kumar N., Levi B., L’Huillier V., Mandic V., Marra C.J.A.P., Martins S., Matarrese E., Mayotte S., Mayotte L., Mersini-Houghton J., Meyers A.L., Miller E., Mottola S., Mukherjee K., Murase M.S., Muzio P., Nath K.K.Y., Ng J.M., No R.C., Nunes A.V., Olinto F., Pace S., Pan S.E., Perez Bergliaffa L., Pogosian J., Read M., Reininghaus M.H., Reno A.G., Riess M., Sakellariadou A.S., Sakharov P., Salucci M., Santander E., Santos F., Sarazin E.N., Saridakis S.J., Sciutto A., Shafieloo d.H., Shoemaker K., Sinha d., Soldin J.F., Soriano d., Staicova L., Sun d.A., Steer B., Thomas J.A., Tomsick V.B., Valera J.A., Vazquez T.M., Venters L., Visinelli S., Watson J.K., Webb A., Weltman S., Wissel A.K., Yadav F., Yang W., Yang N., Yunes A., Yushkov H., Zhang Division of Physics Math and Astronomy California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Lehman College City University of New York Bronx NY10468 United States Department of Physics Graduate Center City University of New York NY10016 United States Department of Astrophysics American Museum of Natural History NY10024 United States Department of Physics Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center University of Wisconsin MadisonWI53706 United States Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos Department of Physics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA16802 United States Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics Pennsylvania State University University Park PA16802 United States School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University CardiffCF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Physics & Astronomy Michigan State University East LansingMI48823 United States NASA Postdoctoral Program Astroparticle Physics Lab Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMD20771 United States University of Maryland College ParkMD20742 United States Physics Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States University of Münster Germany Istanbul Technical University Turkey Case Western Reserve University Imperial College London United Kingdom Gran Sasso Science Institute Italy Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC Spain University of Ferrara Italy Syracuse University United States University of Wisconsin-Madison United States University of Cambridge United Kingdom Johns Hopkins University United States Stanford University United States Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Brazil Instituto Superior Técnico Portugal Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark Dartmouth College United States Técnico Lisbon and Niels Bohr Institute Denmark University of Alabama Huntsville United States Columbia University United States Università di Bologna Italy Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgiu

Cosmic Probes of Fundamental physics take two primary forms: Very high energy particles (cosmic rays, neutrinos, and gamma rays) and gravitational waves. Already today, these probes give access to fundamental physics not available by any other means, helping elucidate the underlying theory that completes the Standard Model. The last decade has witnessed a revolution of exciting discoveries such as the detection of high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves. The scope for major developments in the next decades is dramatic, as we detail in this report. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gravity waves

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