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Operational systems, logistics engineering and technology insertion

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 205-220页

作者： Grubb, MJ Skolnick, A Michael J. Grubb:has perfomzed naval engineering at the Crane Division Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) for more than twenty-five years. He currently the program manager for the Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practice Program (SHARP). is a Navy-wide logistics research and development prgram aimed at the successful transiton of proved technologies inot the fleet. SHARP focuses on reducing acquisition performance capability reliability maintainability and readiness of these systems. Mr. Grubb has served as a department director for the past eleven years. His most recent assignment was as director of the Tactical Computer Resources and Test Equipment Department. This organization provided acquisition and in-service engineering support of the Navy's tectical embedded computers priphirals displays and mass memory storage devices. The organization also provided a complete range of product engineering and metrology engineerig services for SSP NevSeaSysCom and the Trident Program. Prior to this appointment Mr. Grubb was deptuy director psysical security programs department and site responsible for program management and system integration of ashore integrated security systems. Mr. Grubb holds a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Iowa State Universtiy an M.S. degree in industrial engineering from Purdue University and has copleted the course work (Dec.'96 for a master's degree in public and environment affairs at Indiana University-Purdue Univeristy Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick operates System Science Consultants (SSC) specilizing in strategic planning technical program definiton technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. He has taught physics mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University and is currently adjunct professor of mathematics at Northern Virginia Community College. Form 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Noval Engineers. Dr. Skolnick served at Applied Physic

In an era of fiscal austerity, downsizing and unforgiving pressure upon human and economic capital, it is an Augean task to identify resources for fresh and creative work. The realities of the day and the practical demands of more immediate fleet needs can often dictate higher priorities. Yet, the Navy must avoid eating its seed corn. Exercising both technical insight and management foresight, the fleet, the R&d community, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav) and the product engineering expertise of the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) are joined and underway with integrated efforts to marry new, fully demonstrated technologies and operational urgencies. defense funding today cannot sponsor all work that can be mission-justified over the long term because budgets are insufficient to support product maturation within the classical development cycle. However, by rigorous technical filtering and astute engineering of both marketplace capabilities and currently available components, it is possible in a few select cases to compress and, in effect, integrate advanced development (6.3), engineering development (6.4), weapon procurement (WPN), ship construction (SCN), operation and maintenance (O&M,N) budgetary categories when fleet criticalities and technology opportunities can happily meet. In short, 6.3 funds can be applied directly to ''ripe gateways'' so modern technology is inserted into existing troubled or aging systems, sidestepping the lengthy, traditional development cycle and accelerating practical payoffs to recurrent fleet problems. To produce such constructive results has required a remarkable convergence of sponsor prescience and engineering workforce excellence. The paper describes, extensively, the philosophy of approach, transition strategy, polling of fleet needs, technology assessment, and management team requirements. The process for culling and selecting specific candidate tasks for SHARP sponsorship (matching operational need with t

关键词： Naval vessels

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Correction

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phytoparasitica 1998年第2期26卷 182-182页

作者： Liu, Sijun Bedford, Ian d. Markham, Peter G. Ghanim, Morad Zeidan, Muhamad Czosnek, Henryk Bruyère, A. Herrbach, E. Brault, V. Ziegler-Graff, V. Guilley, H. van den Heuvel, J. F. J. M. Taiwo, M. A. dijkstra, J. Martinez, B. López-Moya, J. J. Llave, C. díaz-Ruíz, J. R. López-Abella, d. Mikoshiba, Y. Honda, K. Kanematsu, S. Fujisawa, I. Salomon, Raffi Bernardi, Francoise Raccah, B. Singer, S. Gal-On, A. Huet, H. Pirone, T. P. Visser, Peter B. Bol, John F. Hernández, Carmen Brown, derek J. F. Pappu, H. R. Culbreath, A. K. Todd, J. W. Mcpherson, R. M. Sherwood, J. L. Bertrand, P. F. Robbins, M. A. Reade, R. d. Rochon, d. M. Schönfelder, M. Körbler, M. Barg, E. Lesemann, d. -E. Vetten, H. J. Manqussopoulos, I. N. Tsagris, M. Maiss, E. Marczewski, W. Syller, J. Romero, Javier Molina-Garcia, Antonio Babin, Mar Bujarski, Jozef J. Pogany, Judy Zhang, L. Palukaitis, P. Kaplan, I. B. Qu, Feng Morris, T. Jack Steinkellner, H. Puehringer, H. Machado, A. M. Laimer da Câmara Hammond, J. Brandt, S. Katinger, H. Himmler, G. Carrier, K. Hans, F. Wang, A. Sanfacon, H. Palkovics, László Balázs, Ervin Petrzik, K. Mráz, I. Fránová-Honetšlegrová, J. Kusiak, C. Berthome, R. dinant, S. Astier, S. Albouy, J. Renou, J. P. Bó, E. dal Torre, M. E. Sánchez de la djelouah, K. García, M. L. Grau, O. Benvenisti, Luna Gelman, Boris Hai, dalia Yadin, Hagai Stram, Yehuda Becker, Yechiel Čeřovská, N. Filigarová, M. dědič, P. Nemchinov, L. Hadidi, A. Choi, Y. G. Randles, J. W. Samson, A. C. R. Wilford, J. N. Chapman, S. Santa Cruz, S. Wilson, T. M. A. Wilkinson, Nicola Wilson, Louise Marlow, Susan King, Linda Possee, Robert Zhu, Fanxiu Qi, Yipeng Huang, Yongxiu Hu, Jianhong Oker-Blom, Christian Keinänen, Kari Chauhan, B. K. Possee, R. d. French, T. J. Finkelstein, Y. Levi, B. Z. Faktor, O. Toister-Achituv, Mira Wang, Fushan Lu, Liquan du, Quansheng Watson, S. K. Kalmakoff, J. Broer, R. Liu, Y. Zuidema, d. Strien, E. A. van Vlak, J. M. Heldens, J. G. M. Chejanovsky, N. Gershburg, E. Faruchi, S. Kamensky, B. Nahum, O. Stockholm, d. Rivkin, H. Gurevitz, Dept. of Virus Research John Innes Centre Colney UK Dept. of Field and Vegetable Crops The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Agricultural Food and Environmental Quality Sciences Rehovot Israel Station de Recherches Grandes Cultures INRA Colmar France Inst. de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS Strasbourg France DLO Research Institute for Plant Protection Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. of Biological Science University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Dept. of Virology Agricultural University Wageningen The Netherlands Dept. de Biología de Plantas Centra de Investigaciones Biológicas CSIC Madrid Spain Dept. of Plant Protection National Agriculture Research Center Tsukuba lbaraki Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station Morioka Iwate Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station Kumamoto Japan Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center BetDagan Israel Institut Jacques Monod CNRS Université Paris VII Paris France Dept. of Virology ARO The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel Scripps Institute San Diego USA Dept. of Plant Pathology University of Kentucky Lexington USA Inst. of Molecular Plant Sciences Gorlaeus Laboratories Leiden University RA Leiden The Netherlands Inst. de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas Valencia Spain Scottish Crop Research Inst. Invergowrie Dundee UK Depts. of Plant Pathology Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Tifton Depts. Entomology Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Ttfton Dept. of Plant Pathology Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA Depts. of Coop. Ext. Service Univ. of Georgia Coastal Plain Exp. Station Ttfton Plant Science Dept. Univ. of British Columbia Vancouver Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Pacific Agric. Res. Centre Vancouver Canada Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkultur (DSMZ) Abt. Pflanzenviren and Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft Inst. für Biochemie und Pflanzenvirologie Braunschweig Germany Inst. of Molecular Biology and Biotec

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Byproduct formation during the reduction of TCE by zero-valence iron and palladized iron

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1997年第1期17卷 122-127页

作者： Liang, LY Korte, N Goodlaxson, Jd Clausen, J Fernando, Q Muftikian, R Liyuan Liang received a B.S. in civil engineering from Northeastern University and an M.S. and Ph.D. in environmental engineering from California Institute of Technology. Currently she is a principal investigator and the leader of the Environmental Engineering Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge TN 37831). Dr. Liang has been conducting research in environmental chemistry for the last 10 years in the areas of particle dynamics in natural water and subsurface environments equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption/desorption of metals and organic contaminants at solid/aqueous interface chemical spe-ciation in aqueous systems and redox-transformation and fate of organic and inorganic contaminants. Nit Korte received a B.S. in chemistry from the University of Illinois in Champaign-Urbana and an MS. in analytical chemistry from the University o f Arizona Tucson Arizona. Currently he is restoration technology manager at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Environmental Sciences Division Grand Junction Office 2597 B 314 Rd. Grand Junction CO 81503). Korte's primary research interest is studying the fate and effect of trace species in the environment. He has more than 15 years experience in planning and conducting field investigations at hazardous waste sites. He also serves as an adjunct faculty member at Mesa State College in Grand Junction Colorado. Korte is a certified hazardous materials manager and a certified ground water professional. J.D. Goodlaxson is an analytical chemist with the Environmental Engineering Group at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge TN 37831). He received a B.S. in biology with a chemistry minor from the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. His research interests include adsorption/desorption of heavy metals onto solid organic matrixes and redox-transformation of organic contaminants in aqueous systems. Jay L. Clausen is a hydrogeologist/geochemist with Lockheed Martin Energy Systems Inc. (761 Veterans A

Trichloroethene (TCE) was reduced with zero-valence iron and palladized iron in zero-head-space extractors. Progress of the reaction in these batch studies was monitored with purge-and-trap gas chromatography and a flame ionization detector. When a 5 ppm initial concentration of TCE reacts with zero-valence iron, approximately 140 ppb of vinyl chloride persists for as long as 73 days. The concentration of vinyl chloride (approximately 10 ppb) remaining with palladized iron is approximately an order of magnitude less than when zero-valence iron is the reductant. These data suggest that volatile byproducts may be underrepresented in other published data regarding reduction with zero-valence metals. These results also demonstrate that the reduction of TCE with palladized iron (0.05 percent palladium) is more than an order of magnitude faster than with zero-valence iron. With a 5:1 solution-to-solid ratio the TCE half-life with zero-valence iron is 7.41 hours, but is only 0.59 hours with the palladized iron.

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Building ships as a system: An approach to total ship integration

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 47-60页

作者： duren, BG Pollard, JR Bernard G. Duren:is an operations research analyst in the Combat Systems Department of the. Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. Mr. Duren received an A.B. degree in mathematics from Indiana University and an M.S. degree in operations research from the Georgia Institute of Technology. His major duties involve development of system concepts and system engineering methodology. His primary areas of achievement include startup of a strategic planning process at the Dahlgren Division analysis of seaskimmer defense issues and formulation of concepts for counter-command warfare. His areas of interest include information integration group problem solving methods warfare analysis and strategic planning. Mr. Duren is currently conducting studies in design of future shipboard combat systems. James R. Pollard:serves as principal systems engineer in the Combat Systems Department of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Dahlgren Division. Dr. Pollard received a B.S. degree in physics from Roanoke College an M.S. degree in electrical engineering from The George Washington University and a Ph.D. in systems engineering from the University of Virginia. After joining the Dahlgren Division in 1962 he performed research in antennas and electromagnetic coupling. He subsequently managed the Special Effects Weapon Research Program which focused on high power electromagnetic devices. After serving as head of the Weapon Systems Division and the Search and Track Division he formed the Strategic Planning Group. In 1985 he received the Bernard Smith Award for creative development and implementation of a strategic planning process for the Division. From 1985 to 1987 he served as warfare systems architect in the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. Dr. Pollard is currently conducting studies in design of future shipboard combat systems.

This paper considers an effort to reinvent the process by which the Navy transforms operational requirements into warships. The objective is to articulate a framework and strategy for implementing a total ship system engineering approach. Three factors drive the effort: involve the warfighters in the design process;adopt a ''system of systems'' framework for integration;and continually improve the acquisition process. The strategy is illustrated by consideration of control structure on a total ship basis. The work has been conducted as a collaborative effort involving three Navy warfare centers and various headquarters activities in Washington, d.C.

关键词： Shipbuilding

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, dE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Application of high temperature superconducting wire to magnetostrictive transducers for underwater sonar

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第1期109卷 31-39页

作者： Joshi, CH Lindberg, JF Clark, AE Dr. Chad H. Joshi:is president of Energen Incorporated an engineering and development firm specializing in cryogenic and electromechanical systems. The research presented here was conducted while he was employed at American Superconductor Coporation where he held both technical and program management positions. While there Dr. Joshi managed the development of several demonstration products including the sonar transducer presented here. He holds M.S. and Sc.D. degreesfrom the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a B.S. degree from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute. He has worked in several diverse fields including solar energy fluidized bed technology and superconductivity. His work on stochastic analysis of solar insolation was recognized by the ASME and his doctoral research was accorded international recognition for its unique contribution to understanding quenching in superconducting magnets. Dr. Joshi has numerous patents and more than thirty-five technical publications to his credit. He is a registered Professional Engineer in Massachusetts and an active member of ASME and IEEE. He is a co-founder and treasurer of the New England Chapter of the Cryogenics Society of America. He will be listed in Whos Who in the East in 1997. Jan Lindberg:is a physicist in the Transducers and Arrays Division of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center in New London Connecticut. He leads NUWC'S exploratory development efforts for transduction science and currently is spearheading an effort to introduce high-energy density active materials into tactical sonar systems. With the discovery of high temperature superconductivity he saw the potential benefit of integrating several emerging technologies and enticed American Superconductor Corp. to develop a high temperature superconducting transducer which resulted in the March 1993 demonstration of the world's first integrated high temperature superconducting device. Mr. Lindberg's current interests involve design of high power ultrasonic copolymer arrays characterization of

A low-frequency underwater acoustic transducer integrating high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coils and terbium-dysprosium (Tbdy) magnetostrictive material was designed, fabricated and tested. This represents a novel application for high-temperature superconductivity and is a first example of an integrated system involving HTS coils cooled by a mechanical cryocooler. It also brings HTS technology together with a novel magnetic materials technology. The I-ITS coils were fabricated using react-and-wind BiSrCaCuO-2223 HTS wires. They produce a peak field of 0.1 Tesla at 50 K. A single-stage, Stirling-cycle cryocooler was used to cool the coils and the Tbdy driver to cryogenic temperatures (50-65K). The coils provide an AC magnetic field superimposed on a dC bias field, which produces oscillatory strain within the magnetostrictive rod;this motion is transmitted through a cryostat to two head masses which project sound into the surrounding environment. High power acoustic output can be obtained by operating the transducer at its resonance frequencies of 520 Hz in air and 430 Hz underwater. This development demonstrates that, unlike low temperature superconductors, HTS wires can be considered for AC applications due to the low losses in these superconductors and the higher heat capacities of materials at temperatures above liquid helium.

关键词： Underwater equipment

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One-dimensional processing architecture for gray-scale morphology

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SYSTEMS ANd COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第12期27卷 1-9页

作者： Kojima, S Miyakawa, T The Graduate School of Electronics and Technology Shizuoka University 3-5-1 Jyohoku Hamamatsu Japan 432 Shoji Kojima:graduatedin 1989 from the Department of Mechanical Engineering Numazu College of Technology and received his M.S. from the Department of Optoelectronic and Mechanical Engineering Shizuoka University in 1991. He received a Ph.D. in Engineering from the Graduate School of Electronic Science and Technology Shizuoka University in 1996. He is now working in the R&D center at ADVANTEST Corporation as a leader in VLSI test systems.

Mathematical morphology is logically very clear, and has many applications because of its adaptability. They are two types of morphology - binary and gray-scale. The mathematical base of binary morphology is expressed in logical ANd/OR notation. Gray-scale morphology is based on the addition and comparison of gray-scale values. However, in this type of processing, the computational cost is proportional to the area of both the original image and the structuring element. Therefore, the computational cost increases very rapidly when a large-scale structuring element is required. For this reason, specialized architecture, e.g. a Cytocomputer, had been built for fast morphological processing, but large-scale structuring elements are difficult to build by this method because it requires a large number of devices. In this paper, we describe an efficient architecture for gray-scale morphological processing, in which we decompose the gray-scale structuring element to one dimension, thereby efficiently reducing computational cost. We also propose the architecture for a pipelined parallel processor that calculates the gray-scale dilation. This method greatly reduces the size of the hardware and maximizes the processing speed.

关键词： morphology gray-scale architecture hardware

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Inexpensive electronic water level recorders for hydrologic studies

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1996年第2期16卷 77-83页

作者： Keenan, R dickerson, J Gardner, L Reeves, H Richard Keenan is a hydrogeologist at Golder Associates Inc. Jacksonville Florida working on site investigation and remediation projects for ground water and soil contamination. His research interests include ground water modeling geologic analysis of coastal plain depositional environments and processing and analysis of remotely sensed images. He was raised in South Carolina and Puerto Rico and received a B.S. in marine science (1989) and an M.S. in geology (1994) from the University of South Carolina. John Dickerson has been on the civil engineering faculty of the University of South Carolina in Columbia South Carolina for the past 20 years. He is a registered professional engineer and specializes in dynamical measurements and control in addition to the application of microprocessors in engineering experiments. He grew up in northern Illinois received a mechanical engineering degree from the Illinois Institute of Technology in 1963 and a Ph.D. in applied mechanics from the California Institute of Technology in 1967. Leonard Gardner has been a faculty member of the Geological Sciences Department at the University of South Carolina in Columbia South Carolina since 1968. He has published numerous papers on the geochemistry of weathering and soil genesis and on geological and geochemical processes in salt marshes. He was born and raised in New Jersey received a B.S. in English (1958) from St. Peter's College in Jersey City and then earned a B.S. (1963) M.S. (1966) and Ph.D. (1968) in geology from the Pennsylvania State University. Howard W. Reeves is an assistant professor in Civil Engineering at Northwestern University. Reeves joined the faculty at Northwestern in 1994 to coordinate the environmental geotechnics research area and was an assistant professor of Geological Sciences at the University of South Carolina from 1991 to 1994. Reeves earned a B.S. in chemical engineering and an M.S. in environmental engineering at the University of Notre Dame and a Ph. D. in en vironmental engineering at The Un

Hydrologic investigations typically involve the collection of water level measurements at discrete points in space and time. The high cost of commercial electronic recorders can be a burden. We have developed an inexpensive ((similar to)$200) electronic water level recorder consisting of a Motorola microcontroller, a clock. memory, pressure transducers, and associated circuitry. The instrument is powered by a 6-V battery. These devices. each capable of monitoring up to eight channels of analog input, are presently providing continuous monitoring of nested piezometers, tide gauges, and rain gauges in hydrologic studies at the Savannah River site and the North Inlet (South Carolina) Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site. The instruments can be custom tailored to record water levels at any specified time interval, or whenever the water level changes by a specified amount, and can store up to 32,000 water level observations. These instruments have been used to conduct slug tests and can be configured to monitor observation wells for pumping tests. Simplicity of construction and availability of components offer hydrologists an inexpensive but reliable method of water level recording. Several examples of the use of this instrumentation in diverse hydrologic settings are described.

关键词： Recording instruments

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Petroleum hydrocarbon bioventing kinetics determined in soil core, microcosm and tubing cluster studies

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1996年第1期16卷 141-153页

作者： Moyer, EE Ostendorf, dW Richards, RJ Goodwin, S Ellen E. Moyer (ENSR Consulting and Engineering 35 Nagog Park Acton MA 01720) is a senior environmental engineer at ENSR Consulting and Engineering in Acton Massachusetts. Her research interests include bioremediation air sparging soil venting and analytical modeling of subsurface contamination. Dr. Moyer is a registered professional engineer with an M.S. in environmental engineering and a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and is a member of the National Ground Water Association (NGWA) and the American Society of Civil Engineers. David W. Ostendorf (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Dr. Ostendorf is a registered professional engineer and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation Association of Environmental Engineering Professors and NGWA. Robin J. Richards (Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is a doctoral student in microbiology at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Her research interests include synthesis and biodegradation of microbially produced polymers as well as bioremediation of petroleum contamination in soil and ground water. She has a B.S. in civil engineering from City College of New York and an M.S. in environmental engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. Steve Goodwin (Microbiology Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the Department of Microbiology of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include microbial ecology anaerobic digestion and

Aerobic biodegradation of vapor-phase petroleum hydrocarbons was evaluated in an intact soil core from the site of an aviation gasoline release. An unsaturated zone soil core was subjected to a flow of nitrogen gas, oxygen, water vapor and vapor-phase hydrocarbons in a configuration analogous to a biofilter or an in situ bioventing or sparging situation. The vertical profiles of vapor-phase hydrocarbon concentration in the soil core were determined by gas chromatography of vapor samples. Biodegradation reduced low influent hydrocarbon concentrations by 45 to 92 percent over a 0.6-m interval of an intact soil core. The estimated total hydrocarbon concentration was reduced by 75 percent from 26 to 7 parts per million. Steady-state concentrations were input to a simple analytical model balancing advection and first-order biodegradation of hydrocarbons. First-order rate constants for the major hydrocarbon compounds were used to calibrate the model to the concentration profiles. Rate constants for the seven individual hydrocarbon compounds varied by a factor of 4. Compounds with lower molecular weights, fewer methyl groups, and no quaternary carbons tended to have higher rate constants. the fist-order rate constants were consistent with kinetic parameters determined from both microcosm and tubing cluster studies at the field site.

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Ka-band propagation research using ACTS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS 1996年第3期14卷 267-282页

作者： davarian, F Hughes Space and Communications Co. Bldg S-24 Mail Stop D520 Los Angeles CA 90009 P.O. Box 92919 United States University of Southern California College of Science and Technology Narmak Iran Lincom Corporation Los Angeles CA United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Pasadena CA United States Mobile Satellite Experiment (MSAT-X) Spectrum Engineering Group NASA Propagation Program at JPL Loyola Marymount University (LMU) Los Angeles CA United States Hughes Space and Commun. Company Los Angeles CA United States IEEE

The congestion of the radio spectrum below about 18 GHz is causing a rush of interest in the 20/30-GHz band, due to the shorter wavelength of these frequencies, the atmosphere, especially rain, greatly influences the transmission of signals between earth/space stations. The slant path effects in the Ka region of the radio spectrum are addressed and an experimental campaign for collection propagation data is described. This campaign uses the advanced communications technology satellite (ACTS) and consists of several measurement sites. A brief description of the spacecraft payload and the propagation terminals is given. The experiment sites are discussed. The expected outputs of the ACTS campaign are presented. Measured results and analysed data are reported.

关键词： ACTS Ka-band propagation measurements rain and atmospheric attenuation fade statistics on satellite links earth space microwave channel characterization and modelling

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