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AdAPTIVE FINITE-ELEMENT MESH GENERATION program FOR ELECTRON-GUN SIMULATION

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MOdELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS dEVICES ANd FIELdS 1995年第2期8卷 109-125页

作者： XIA, S BROERS, AN Engineering Department Cambridge University Trumpington Street Cambridge CB2 1PZ U.K. Dr Shanhong Xia received her B.Sc. in electrical engineering from Tsinghua University Beijing in 1983 her M.Sc. in Electron Physics in 1986 while working at the Institute of Electronics Academia sinica Beijing and her Ph.D. from Cambridge University in 1994. She worked as a Royal Society visiting scientist at the Cambridge University Engineering Departmnet duing 1990–1991. She has worked on many aspects of electron optics including theoretical and experimental studies of lens systems and electron guns for lithography and microscopy. Following her Ph.D. she worked as a post-doctoral worker at Cambridge and has now returned to the Institute of Electronics Academia Sinica in Beijing. Alec Broers is Head of the Department of Engineering at Cambridge University and Master of Churchill College. He was educaated at Melbourne University (B.Sc. Physics and Electronics) and Cambridge University (B.A. Ph.D. Sc.D.) Engineering. After completing his Ph.D. in 1965 he spent sixteen years as a researcher at the IBM Thomas J Watson Research Center in New York. During this time he worked on the application of high resolution electron X-ray and ultra-violet light optics to microscopy and to the fabrication of microelectronic components. He held a series of management positions and was appointed an IBM Fellow in 1977. From 1980 to 1983 he worked in IBM's East Fishkill laboratory where he became responsible for the advanced development of semiconductor devices. In 1983 he was appointed to the IBM Corporate Technology Committee and subsequently became a member of IBM's Science Advisory Committee. He returned to Cambridge in 1984 where he continues his research on the fabrication of nanometre-size devices. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society the Royal Academy of Engineering the Institution of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Physics and is a Foreign Associate of the US National Academy of Engineering.

This paper describes a computer program for generating finite element meshes for electron guns. Two new methods, the 'projection' and the 'mesh density function' methods, are used to generate the mesh. The new methods enable the mesh distribution to be set smoothly and changed easily, and also enable the mesh distribution to be adjusted according to parameters associated with the gun configuration or by feedback from the electric field calculation. The new program, which can handle a large variety of complicated electron gun structures, has been used in conjunction with the SOGUN program which has been developed by Zhu and Munro for electron gun simulation.

关键词： Computer software

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MICRO-PURGE LOW-FLOW SAMPLING OF URANIUM-CONTAMINATEd GROUNd-WATER AT THE FERNALd ENVIRONMENTAL-MANAGEMENT PROJECT

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1995年第3期15卷 168-176页

作者： SHANKLIN, dE SIdLE, WC FERGUSON, ME Dean E. Shanklinearned his B.S. in geological engineering in 1984 at the Colorado School of Mines and is currently an environmental scientist for the Fernald Environmental Restoration Management Corp. (7400 Willey Rd. Fernald OH 45030) where he is involved in the management of the facility's monitoring well network. William C. Sidleearned a B.S. in geological engineering and civil engineering in 1973 at the University of Idaho an M.S. in geology in 1979 at the University of Oregon and a Ph.D. in geochemistry in 1990 at Ohio State University. He is a hydrologist for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development MS 163 26 W. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. Cincinnati OH 45268). His current research involves the fate and transport of ground water contaminants at the Fernald site. Michelle E. Fergusonearned her B.A. in biology at Hanover College. Currently she is an engineer graduate assistant at the Fernald Environmental Management Project where she is completing work towards an M.S. in environmental science at Miami University (Miami University Institute of Environmental Sciences 102 Boyd Hall Oxford OH 45056).

Efforts to sample representative, undisturbed distributions of uranium in ground water beneath the Fernald Environmental Management Project (FEMP) prompted the application of a novel technique that is less invasive in the monitoring well. Recent studies (Kearl et al. 1992;Barcelona et al. 1994) indicate that representative samples can and should be collected without prior well volume exchange purging or borehole evacuation. Field experiments conducted at the FEMP demonstrate that under specific sampling conditions in a well-defined hydrogeologic system, representative ground water samples for a monitoring program can be obtained without removing the conventional three well volumes from the well. The assumption is made that indicator parameter equilibration may not be necessary to determine when to collect representative samples at the FEMP. Preliminary results obtained from the field experiments suggest that this may be true. The technique employs low purge rates (< 1 L/min) with dedicated bladder pumps with inlets located in the screened interval of the well, while not disturbing the stagnant water column above the screened interval. If adopted, this technique, termed micro-purge low-flow sampling, will produce representative ground water samples, significantly reduce sampling costs, and minimize waste water over the monitoring life cycle at the FEMP. This technique is well suited for sites that have been fully characterized and are undergoing long-term monitoring.

关键词： Groundwater pollution

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PARALLEL ANd dISTRIBUTEd TLM COMPUTATION WITH SIGNAL-PROCESSING FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELd MOdELING

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL MOdELLING-ELECTRONIC NETWORKS dEVICES ANd FIELdS 1995年第3-4期8卷 169-185页

作者： SO, PPM ESWARAPPA, C HOEFER, WJR NSERC/MPR Teltech Research Chair in RF Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia V8W 3P6 Canada Poman So received his B.Sc. degree in computer science and physics from the University of Toronto Toronto Onatario Canada in 1985. He obtained his B.A. Sc. and M.A.Sc. degrees in electrical engineering (summa cum laude) from the University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada in 1987 and 1989 respectively. Mr So was a research engineer in the University of Ottawa from January 1989 to October 1991 his research interests included CAD techniques of microwave circuits and numerical methods for electromagnetic wave modelling. He specialized in the development of electromagnetic engineering CAD software and successfully implemented a number of electromagnetic wave simulators based on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional transmission-line matrix methods. From August 1990 to February 1991 he accompanied Professor W. J. R. Hoefer to Rome Italy and Sophia Antiopolas France. During that time he implemented a parallel version of the 3D-TLM simulator for the CM-2 Connection Machine using C-Star and X Windows Library. He is a research engineer and a Ph.D. student at the University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada. He ported the 2D- and 3D-TLM simulators to DECmpp 1200 massively parallel computer using MPL C and C++. He also combined OSA90/hope a commercially available microwave CAD program with a 2D-TLM simulation module for geometry optimization using the Datapipe technique of OSA90/hope. Recently he has developed a distributed client-server computing technique for the TLM method this technique could accelerate the TLM simulation by more than an order of magnitude. Channabasappa Eswarappa received the M.Tech. degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India in 1983 and Ph. D. degree from the University of Ottawa Canada in 1990. He worked as an Assistant Executive Engineer and later as

This paper describes the implementation of transmission-line matrix (TLM) method algorithms on a massively parallel computer (dECmpp 12000), the technique of distributed computing in the UNIX environment, and the combination of TLM analysis with Prony's method as well as with autoregressive moving average (ARMA) digital signal processing for electromagnetic field modelling. By combining these advanced computation techniques, typical electromagnetic field modelling of microwave structures by TLM analysis can be accelerated by a few orders of magnitude.

关键词： Mathematical models

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A dISTRIBUTEd MEdIA ACCESS PROTOCOL FOR PACKET RAdIO NETWORKS ANd PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS .2. NETWORK SET-UP TIME ANd dATA RATE

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 1995年第1期8卷 49-63页

作者： PONd, LC LI, VOK Communication Sciences Electrical Engineering Systems University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089-2565 U.S.A. Lawrence C. Pond received the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Southern California in 1983 and 1990 respectively. Dr. Pond is currently a scientist at Hughes Space and Communications Company having joined in 1980. He has worked in the fields of communication system design mobile communication network and spacecraft payload design. He is currently working on the development of satellite-based ATM transport and switching architectures for BISDN and Defense Information System Network amlications. Dr. Pond is a member of IEEE. Victor O. K. Li was born in Hong Kong in 1954. He received his SB SM and Sc.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts in 1977 1979 and 1981 respectively. Since February 1981 he has been with the University of Southern California (USC) LOS Angeles California where he is Professor of Electrical Engineering and Director of the USC Communication Sciences Institute. He has published 150 technical papers and has lectured and consulted extensively around the world. His research interests include high-speed communication networks personal communication networks intelligent networks distributed databases queueing theory graph theory and applied probability. Dr. Li is very active in the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) having been a member of the Computer Communications Technical Committee since 1983 and having served as Chairman from 1987–1989. He served as Chairman of the Los Angeles Chapter of the IEEE Information Theory Group from 1983–1985. He is the Steering Committee Chair of the International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (IC3 N) General Chair of the 1st Annual IC3N held in San Diego California in June 1992 General Chair and Technical Program Chair of the 4th IEEE Workshop on Comp

In this, the second part of a two-part paper, the required time for establishing a mobile packet radio network using the virtual circuit and time division multiple access protocol developed in Part 1 is analysed. Tools are developed to determine the virtual circuit and network set-up times in terms of the channel bandwidth allocated to establish and maintain the network. The tools are then extended to include the effects of user mobility. Then these results are combined with the network capacity results of Part 1 to analyse the trade-off between the data rate and set-up time of the network. Next a hierarchical architecture is proposed and the network data rate versus set-up time trade-off of this architecture is analysed using these tools. This architecture is shown to both provide a higher data rate and establish faster than flat networks of the same number of nodes.

关键词： PACKET RAdIO NETWORK EPLRS dISTRIBUTEd NETWORK TdMA VIRTUAL CIRCUITS MULTIHOP NETWORK BOUNdEd dELAY MOBILITY NETWORK SET-UP TIME HIERARCHICAL NETWORK NETWORK dATA RATE

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A Sophisticated Ground Water Analytical Tool

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Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation 1995年第2期15卷 134-139页

作者： Tonjes, david J. Heil, James H. Black, John A. David J. Tonjes is a doctoral candidate in coastal oceanography at the Marine Sciences Research Center University at Stony Brook through its Waste Management Institute (Waste Management Institute Marine Sciences Research Center University at Stony Brook 11794–5000). Under a grant from the Town Board he is a technical adviser to the commissioner of waste management of the town of Brookhaven New York in solid waste planning regulatory compliance and environmental site monitoring. Tonjes has a B.A. in liberal arts from St. John's College an M.S. in computer science from New York Institute of Technology and an M.S. in technological systems management from the University at Stony Brook. James H. Heil is commissioner of waste management for the town of Brookhaven (Department of Waste Management Town of Brookhaven 3233 Rte. 112 Medford NY 11763). Heil received a B.S. from Manhattan College and an M.S. from New York University in civil engineering and is a licensed professional engineer in New York. He is a former president of the New York State Solid Waste Management Association. John A. Black is the coordinator of the environmental science program at Suffolk County Community College (Environmental Science Program Suffolk County Community College Selden NY 11784). He is currently the chair of the Ecology Committee of the Pine Barrens Advisory Committee for Suffolk County and is a member of the Suffolk County Pine Barrens Review Commission. Black received a B.S. in chemistry from Adephi University an M.S. in public administration from the University at Stony Book an M. S. from Hofstra University and a Ph. D. from Adlephi in marine sciences.

Stiff diagrams arc a multivariate method of analysis used to describe the chemical state of ground water. The use of Stiff diagrams to describe multiconstituent contamination sites, such as landfills, has distinct advantages over single constituent analyses. Problems associated with traditional Stiff diagram analyses, such as diagram attentuation, can be addressed by allowing the scale of the diagram to vary with the ionic strength of the analyzed sample. The use of these sliding scale Stiff diagrams reveals the chemical slate of the ground water over wide ranges of constituent concentrations and thus allows for sensitive and sophisticated depictions of complicated contamination sites in a fashion that is extremely difficult to replicate with single constituent analyses. This approach has possible applications for understanding and tracing the mixing and chemical changes in uncontaminated settings. Copyright © 1995, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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CHEMICAL MASS-BALANCE APPROACH TO FIELd-EVALUATION OF BIOREMEdIATION

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS 1995年第1期14卷 F2-F3页

作者： SIMS, RC SIMS, JL Utah State University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Utah Water Research Laboratory Logan UT 84322 Professor and Head of the Division of Environmental Engineering at Utah State University. He holds degrees in biology (B.S.) environmental chemistry and biology (M.S.) environmental engineering (M.S.) and biological and agricultural engineering (Ph.D). He has worked as Director of the International Program in Industrial Development Chapel Hill NC as Supervisor of the Environmental Control Laboratory for Mobay Chemical Corporation Charleston SC and as environmental engineer with Research Triangle Institute NC. Dr. Sims currently is involved in teaching research and technology transfer in the area of contaminated soil characterization and remediation. Research Assistant Professor in the Division of Environmental Engineering at Utah State University. She holds degrees in biology (B.S.) environmental chemistry and biology (M.S.) and soil science (M.S.). She has held positions as an Associate in a private consulting firm in Raleigh NC and as Chairperson of the on-site wastewater disposal committee of the State of Utah. Judith Sims is currently involved in teaching research and technology transfer in the area of contaminated soil characterization and remediation.

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AUTOMATEd OPPOSING FORCES FOR TRAINING SIMULATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1995年第3期107卷 245-252页

作者： ANTON, PS MCAdOW, KL SMITH, dB LEHNER, PE SHARP, MA Dr. Philip S. Anton:is currently the Terhnology Area Manager of Modeling and Reasoning in the MITRE Advanced Information Technologies Center. His research at MITRE has included behavioral models of military doctrine and command environmental modeling and reasoning for command forces and intelligent simulations of military entities. His other interests include neural networks artificial intelligence and intelligent agents. Dr. Anton received a U.S. degree in Computer Engineering from UCLA and an M.S. degree and a Ph.D in Computational Neuroscience from the University of California. Irvine After finishing nuclear power training Mr. McAdow served as an Engineering Department Division Officer on USS Mariano G. Vallejo (SSBN 658). He then worked as a civilian far the Naval Coastal Systems Center and then far Martin Marietta Aero and Naval Systems in the development of various submarine systems and unmanned undersea vehicles. David Smith:has been a member of the technical staff at MITRE s Advanced Information Technologies center since 1993. He has a B.S. degree in Computer Science and Mathematics from Albright College and an M.S. degree in Information and Computer Science from the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Paul Lehner:is a part-time Principal Scientist in the MITRE Advanced Information Technologies Center. In addition. Dr. Lehner is an Associate Professor of Systems Engineering at George Mason University. His research at MITRE has included automated planning and scheduling adversarial planning and reasoning against uncertainty. Dr. Lehner received a B.S. degree in Psychology from Bethany College. He also holds M.S. degrees in Psychology and Mathematics and a Ph.D. in Mathematical Psychology from the University of Michigan. Prior to his current employment at MITRE and at George Mason University Dr. Lehner served as the Technical Director of the Decision Sciences Section at PAR Government Systems Corporation. After finishing nuclear power training Cdr. Sharp served as an Engineering Department Divisi

Providing realistic opposing forces is critical to the successful use of military training simulations. Unfortunately, a number of issues can make the manual control of realistic opposing forces difficult or unattainable, This paper explores these issues while discussing how Automatic Interactive Targets (AITs) can assist Training Exercise Controllers (TECs) in providing validated and realistic opposing forces in highly interactive situations. The features of the prototype Remote AIT Processing System (RAPS) are used to demonstrate how an AIT system can be designed to meet TEC requirements for automated entities, RAPS can provide remote control of AITs for existing or new systems while providing sufficient features to allow a TEC to appropriately select and control AITs for individual training exercises and crew proficiencies.

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A SIMPLE METHOd FOR MEASURING THE VERTICALITY OF SMALL-dIAMETER dRIVEN WELLS

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1994年第3期14卷 107-110页

作者： KJELdSEN, P SKOV, B Peter Kjeldsen is an assistant professor at the Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering Technical University of Denmark (DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark). He received an M.S. and a Ph.D. in civil engineering from Technical University of Denmark in 1982 and 1986 respectively. His research focuses mainly on environmental aspects of waste disposal. Bent Skov is a senior technician at the Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering Technical University of Denmark (DK-2800 Lyngby Denmark). He graduated in 1984 from Technical College Slagelse as an environmental technician. His main activities are related to development and use of new field methods and equipment in relation to ground water contamination studies.

The presence of stones, solid waste, and other obstructions can deflect small-diameter driven wells during installation, leading to deviations of the well from its intended position. could lead to erroneous results, especially for measurements of ground water levels by water level meters. A simple method was developed to measure deviations from the intended positions of well screens and determine correction factors required for proper measurement of ground water levels in nonvertical wells. The method is based upon measurement of the hydrostatic pressure in the bottom of a water column, which is established in the well tube. The method was used to correct water level measurement in wells driven through a landfill site. Errors of up to 27 cm in water level were observed at the landfill site. The correction of the water level measurements had a significant effect on estimated local ground water flow directions.

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FIELd TRAPPING OF SUBSURFACE VAPOR-phASE PETROLEUM-HYdROCARBONS

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1994年第1期14卷 110-119页

作者： MOYER, EE OSTENdORF, dW KAMPBELL, dH XIE, YF Ellen E. Moyer (ENSR Consulting and Engineering 35 Nagog Park Acton MA 01720) is a senior environmental engineer at ENSR Consulting and Engineering in Acton Massachusetts. Her research interests include bioremediation air sparging soil venting and analytical modeling of subsurface contamination. Moyer is a registered Professional Engineer with an M.S. in environmental engineering and a Ph.D. in civil engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst and a member of the National Ground Water Association and the American Society of Civil Engineers. David W. Ostendorf (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is an associate professor in the environmental engineering program of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Ostendorf is a registered Professional Engineer and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Ground Water Association. Don H. Kampbell (Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory Ada OK 74820) is a research chemist at the U.S. EPA Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory in Ada Oklahoma. His research interests include gas chromatog- raphy GC/mass spectrometry industrial waste processes soil bioreactor systems aquifer biorestoration and soil gas measurements. Kampbell is a certified Professional Soil Scientist and a registered Professional Engineer as well as a member of the Soil Science Society of America and the American Chemical Society. Yuefeng Xie (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003) is a postdoctoral research associate in the environmental engineering program of the Civil Engineering Depart

Soil gas samples from intact soil cores were collected on adsorbents at a field site, then thermally desorbed and analyzed by laboratory gas chromatography (GC). Vertical concentration profiles of predominant vapor phase petroleum hydrocarbons under ambient conditions were obtained for the zone directly above the capillary fringe. Water and residual phase weathered aviation gasoline were present in this region of the profile. The sampling, trapping, and GC methodology was effective in most respects. Reproducibility, trapping, and desorption efficiency were generally satisfactory, and different sorbent tubes gave similar results. A minor shortcoming of the method occurred with the most volatile compound, 2,3-dimethylbutane, which was poorly retained during several weeks of storage time and was also poorly desorbed. Vapor phase concentrations of predominant hydrocarbon compounds all increased with depth at one sampling location. At a more highly contaminated location, concentrations of highly volatile compounds increased with depth while concentrations of less volatile compounds remained constant or decreased, possibly indicating distillation effects. Scatter in the data was attributed to heterogeneities in water and residual phase distribution.

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ENHANCEd dEGRAdATION OF dISSOLVEd BENZENE ANd TOLUENE USING A SOLId OXYGEN-RELEASING COMPOUNd

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1994年第1期14卷 120-128页

作者： BIANCHIMOSQUERA, GC ALLENKING, RM MACKAY, dM Gino Bianchi-Mosquera is principal geochemist at Stollar Bianchi (140 Ravenna Dr. Long Beach CA 90803). He received a B.A. degree in geochemistry from Occidental College in Los Angeles California an M.S. degree in geochemistry from The Pennsylvania State University and a D. Env. degree from the University of California Los Angeles in 1982 1986 and 1993 respectively. His research interests include the transport and fate of organic compounds in the subsurface and the design and evaluation of new aquifer cleanup techniques. Douglas Mackay is adjunct professor in the Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo (Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1) Canada and a visiting scientist at the UCLA Department of Civil Engineering. From 1986 to mid- 1990 he was a faculty member in the environmental science and engineering program of the UCLA School of Public Health. His research focuses on field studies of transport and fate of organic chemicals in ground water and ground water decontamination technologies. Mackay received a B.S. in engineering and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in civil engineering from Stanford University in 1970 1973 and 1981 respectively.

A field test to evaluate the applicability of an oxygen-releasing compound (ORC) to the remediation of ground water contaminated with benzene and toluene was conducted in the Borden Aquifer in Ontario, Canada. Benzene and toluene were injected as organic substrates to represent BTEX compounds, bromide was used as a tracer, and nitrate was added to avoid nitrate-limited conditions. The fate of the solutes was monitored along four lines of monitoring points and wells. Two lines studied the behavior of the solutes upgradient and downgradient of two large-diameter well screens filled with briquets containing ORC and briquets without ORC. One line was used to study the solute behavior upgradient and downgradient of columns of ORC powder placed directly in the saturated zone. The remaining line was a control. The results indicate that ORC in both briquet and powder form can release significant amounts of oxygen to contaminated ground water passing by it. In the formulation used in this work, oxygen release persisted for at least 10 weeks. Furthermore, the study indicates that the enhancement of the available dissolved oxygen content of at least 4 mg/L each of the ground water by ORC can support biodegradation of benzene and toluene dissolved in ground water. Such concentrations are typical of those encountered at sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons;therefore, these results suggest that there is promise for ORC to enhance in situ biodegradation of BTEX contaminants at such sites using passive (nonpumping) systems to contact the contaminated ground water with the oxygen source.

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