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THE NPS AUV-II AUTONOMOUS UNdERWATER VEHICLE TESTBEd - dESIGN ANd EXPERIMENTAL-VERIFICATION

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第3期104卷 191-202页

作者： HEALEY, AJ GOOd, MR Dr. Anthony J. Healey:was graduated from London and Sheffield Universities with the degrees B.Sc.(Eng.j and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering in 1961 and 1966 respectively. He emigrated to the U.S. in 1966 and has taught at The Pennsylvania State University MIT The University of Texas at Austin and the Naval Postgraduate School. He was promoted to full professor of mechanical engineering in 1974 at the University of Texas at Austin and in 1981 he joined Brown and Root Inc. as manager of the Pipeline and Sub-Sea Technology Research Group. In 1986 he assumed his present position as professor and chairman of mechanical engineering at the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. His areas of specialty include mechanical system dynamics vibration and control systems and he is presently the leader of an Interdisciplinary Project in Mission Planning Navigation and Control for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles at NPS. Lt. Michael R. Good:is an engineering duty officer assigned to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. He graduated from Marquette University in 1983 with a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering. He has served on the USS Jack Williams (FFG-24) as ordnance officer and damage control assistant. He obtained the master of science in mechanical engineering degree from the Naval Postgraduate School in 1989 during which time he was the chairman of the Monterey Peninsula Section of ASNE. He is currently assigned as senior ship superintendent and docking officer.

The design, construction and testing of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for use as a research and development testbed at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) is presented. design objectives, analysis and trade-offs are discussed with respect to a generic AUV with specific details for the case of the NPS AUV II. System integration and flexibility are emphasized in the subject vehicle to support presently planned and future research employment. Hull, mobility, sensors, automatic control, and energy subsystems are described. design and fabrication techniques for the NPS AUV II vehicle hull and equipment are documented. Some results from an experimental program illustrating verification of vehicle design are described.

关键词： Submersibles

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The Right to die: State Courts Lead where Legislatures Fear to Tread

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Law & Policy 1992年第4期14卷 337-380页

作者： HOEFLER, JAMES M. KAMOIE, BRIAN E. **James M. Hoefler is Assistant Professor of Political Science and Coordinator for the Policy Studies Program at Dickinson College in Carlisle Pennsylvania. He holds a B.S. in mechanical engineering from Syracuse University and the M.A. and Ph.D. in political science from the State University of New York at Buffalo. His research and teaching interests focus on domestic public policy state politics and public administration especially in the areas of job training health care and the right to die. ***Brian E. Kamoie holds a B.A. degree in Policy and Management Studies from Dickinson College in Carlisle Pennsylvania. He maintains an ongoing interest in public policy regarding health care education and foreign affairs and has worked directly with these issues through positions with the Pennsylvania State Senate and the London Embassy of the U.S. Department of State. Mr. Kamoie is currently pursuing a law degree at George Washington University in preparation for a career in the public service.

The right to die may be among the most legally complex and culturally sensitive areas of civil rights to emerge in our time. The thorny issues associated with a terminally ill individual's right to self‐determination, and the disposition of individuals who are incompetent to make right to die decisions for themselves, promises to keep all parties involved ‐ health care professionals, medical ethicists, families, lawyers, judges, and state legislators ‐busy for some time to come. To this point, the state courts have taken the lead in the right to die debate, while the state legislatures have tended to drag their collective feet. This article lays the case law groundwork for right to die decision making, then goes on to assay the legislative responses to the issue that have been rendered in the fifty states. Copyright © 1992, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

关键词： death and Euthanasia Legal Approach Medicaid

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REdUCTION OF NITRATE LOAdINGS TO GROUNd-WATER

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1991年第1期11卷 112-118页

作者： SHIRMOHAMMAdI, A MAGETTE, WL SHOEMAKER, LL 1 Adel Shirmohammadi is assistant professor of Agricultural Engineering at the University of Maryland College Park (Agricultural Engineering Department 1108 Shriver Lab The University of Maryland College Park MD 20742-5711). He received his B.S. in Iran and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska and North Carolina State University respectively. His current research interests include transport and shallow water table management modeling to quantify the hydrologic and water quality responses of agricultural watersheds.2 William L. Magette is assistant professor of Agricultural Engineering at The University of Maryland College Park (Agricultural Engineering Department 1126 Shriver lab The University of Maryland College Park MD 20742-5711). He received his B.S. M.E. and Ph.D. from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Currently his research and extension programs address water quality impacts of agricultural best management practices.3 Leslie L. Shoemaker is a former USDA National Needs Fellow in the Department of Agricultural Engineering where she is pursuing a Ph.D. degree (Agricultural Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park MD 20742-5711). The focus of her research program is on augmentation of the GLEAMS model to describe the hydrologic behavior of the vadose zone. She previously has been extensively involved in model applications for non-point source pollution control both in a graduate degree program at Cornell University and as an engineer with the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin. She is currently employed as a water resources engineer with Green-home and O'Mara Greenbelt Maryland.

Non-point source pollution of ground water systems has become a national concern in recent years. Researchers and regulatory agencies are investigating the source and processes of the contamination. Agricultural best management practices (BMPs) traditionally developed to reduce non-point source pollution of surface water resources are being investigated for their impact on ground water quality. This study used the CREAMS model to simulate the long-term effects of seven different BMPs on nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) loadings to a shallow, unconfined ground water system. Two representative watersheds, 5.8 and 8.9 hectares (14.3 and 22 acres) in area, in the Coastal Plain physiographic region of Maryland were selected for study. Soils in these watersheds belong to the Matapeake silt loam series and have moderate infiltration capacity. Results from this study indicated that BMP's used in conjunction with winter cover (barley) reduced NO3-N leaching to the ground water system. It was also found that turfgrass reduced surface losses of water and nitrogen, but increased leaching losses of water and NO3-N significantly. All of the BMPs simulated in this study resulted in leachate NO3-N concentrations exceeding 10 ppm, the U.S. EPA health standard for public drinking water, indicating a need for alternate practices for reducing nitrate leaching.

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FIELd SAMPLING OF RESIdUAL AVIATION GASOLINE IN SANdY SOIL

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1991年第2期11卷 107-120页

作者： OSTENdORF, dW LEACH, LE HINLEIN, ES XIE, YF 1 David W. Ostendorf is an associate professor in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include unconfined aquifer contamination hazardous waste site remediation and analytical modeling of problems in environmental fluid mechanics. Dr. Ostendorf is a registered professional engineer in Massachusetts and a member of the American Geophysical Union American Society of Civil Engineers Soil Science Society of America Water Pollution Control Federation and Association of Environmental Engineering Professors as well as the National Water Well Association.2 Lowell E. Leach is an environmental engineer with the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (RS Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory U.S. EPA P.O. Box 1198 Ada OK74820). Leach received his B.S. ingeological engineering at the University of Oklahoma in 1959 and has been a registered professional engineer in Oklahoma since 1966. With 29 years of experience in field applications of geological engineering he is responsible for developing methodology for sampling ground water and subsurface materials for the Robert S. Kerr Environmental Research Laboratory.3 Erich S. Hinlein is a research assistant in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil Engineering Department at the University of Massachusetts (Civil Engineering Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003). His research interests include ground water pollution hazardous waste site investigation and transport processes in unconfined aquifers. Hinlein graduated with a B.S. in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in May 1985 and entered the Environmental Engineering Master's Degree Program in January 1989.4 Yuefeng Xie is a postdoctoral research associate in the Environmental Engineering Program of the Civil E

Two complementary field sampling methods for the determination of residual aviation gasoline content in the contaminated capillary fringe of a fine, uniform, sandy soil were investigated. The first method featured field extrusion of core barrels into pint-size Mason jars, while the second consisted of laboratory partitioning of intact stainless steel core sleeves. The barrel extrusion procedure involved jar headspace sampling in a nitrogen-filled glove box, which delineated the 0.7m thick residually contaminated interval for subsequent core sleeve withdrawal from adjacent boreholes. Soil samples removed from the Mason jars (in the field) and sleeve segments (in the laboratory) were subjected to methylene chloride extraction and gas chromatographic analysis to compare their aviation gasoline content. The barrel extrusion sampling method yielded a vertical profile with 0.10m resolution over an essentially continuous 5.0m interval from the ground surface to the water table. The sleeve segment alternative yielded a more resolved 0.03m vertical profile over a shorter 0.8m interval through the capillary fringe. The two methods delivered precise estimates of the vertically integrated mass of aviation gasoline at a given horizontal location, and a consistent view of the vertical profile as well. In the latter regard, a 0.2m thick lens of maximum contamination was found in the center of the capillary fringe, where moisture filled all voids smaller than the mean pore size. The maximum peak was resolved by the core sleeve data, but was partially obscured by the barrel extrusion observations, so that replicate barrels or a half-pint Mason jar size should be considered for data supporting vertical transport analyses in the absence of sleeve partitions.

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SMALL SHIPS, AdVANCEd technology ANd WARFIGHTING PERFORMANCE

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 30-45页

作者： SKOLNICK, dH SKOLNICK, A David H. Skolnickhas practiced naval engineering in both government and industry. He has supported the Military Sealift Command and the Naval Sea Systems Command Ship Design Group and Amphibious Ship Acquisition Program Office participating in the design and assessment of ship structure evaluation of intact and damaged stability and arrangements during design and construction phases of acquisition conversion and overhaul. He is currently involved in systems engineering and integration. Recent responsibilities have included requirements analyses and feasibility studies interface analyses and computer aided analyses. He received his B.S. in naval architecture and marine engineering from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture in 1982 (as an ASNE scholar) and is currently an M.S. candidate in systems engineering at the University of Virginia. Alfred Skolnickserved over 30 years as an engineering duty officer and retired from the Navy with the rank of captain in 1983. His early assignments included tactical missile engineering shipboard duty and Polaris submarine inertial navigation. He later served in the Deep Submergence Systems Project was project director surface effect ships (SES) David Taylor Model Basin director of technology Joint Navy-Commerce SES Program director combat systems Naval Sea Systems Command and project manager directed energy weapons. His awards include the Navy League's Parsons Award in 1979 for scientific and technical progress ASNE's Gold Medal in 1981 for high energy laser development the Navy Legion of Merit in 1983 National Capital Engineer of the Year in 1986 and the American Defense Preparedness Association Gold Medal in 1988 for contributions to strategic defense. He was president of ASNE from 1985–1989. He received his B.S. in mathematics from Queens College his M.A. in mathematics from Columbia University his M.S. in electrical engineering from U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and his Ph.D. in electrical engineering/applied mathematics from Polytechnic University. He w

Changing threat requirements and radical budget shifts imply that Navy operational needs will broaden and engineering solutions will face tougher constraints. Existing and emerging technology promise increased combat capability in smaller packages;space-based assets will allow operator orchestration of widely dispersed naval units via connectivity attributes previously unavailable. Tactical data relay by downlink may permit reallocation of responsibilities among several platforms, space, air, or seaborne, so ships can be outfitted for custom-use (sensing, unique data processing, high-firepower) and optimized to meet specific mission needs. These evolving capabilities demand a fresh look at ship concepts and prospective force structures consistent with global and fiscal realities. Warfighting performance formerly unknown in small ship design may offer a very effective solution to the intricate, interacting issues of falling defense budgets, diverse operational requirements and complex national priorities. Multimission ships which take advantage of new or current technology to reduce ship size, manning and cost could be affordable in sufficient numbers to meet our continuing worldwide obligations, complement our larger ships' force structure, and produce a balanced fleet. These same ships could satisfy U.S. maritime needs beyond the Navy and improve export trade through foreign military sales (FMS).

关键词： Naval Warfare

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SMALL-SCALE RETROSPECTIVE GROUNd-WATER MONITORING STUdY FOR SIMAZINE IN dIFFERENT HYdROGEOLOGICAL SETTINGS

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1991年第3期11卷 173-181页

作者： ROUX, ph HALL, RL ROSS, RH 1 Paul Roux is president of Roux Associates Inc. (775 Park Ave. Suite 255 Huntington NY 11743) a consulting ground water firm that specializes in pesticide monitoring studies and hazardous waste investigations. Previous to founding the firm he was a senior hydrogeologist with Stauffer Chemical Co. and with Geraghty & Miller Inc. He has 18 years of experience in the field of hydrogeology. He holds a B.S. in engineering science from C. W. Post College and an M.S. in geology from Queens College of the City University of New York.2 Robert L. Hall is a senior geochemist with Roux Associates Inc. (775 Park Ave. Suite 255 Huntington NY 11743). He has 11 years of experience in environmental chemistry including three years with the Environmental Protection Agency. He holds a B.A. in chemistry from Swarthmore College and a Ph.D. in biochemistry from The University of Chicago.3 Richard H. Ross Jr. is manager of Environment and Contract Studies in the Agricultural Division of CIBA-GEIGY in Greensboro North Carolina (P.O. Box 18300 410 Swing Rd. Greensboro NC 27419). He has 17 years of experience in biological and environmental research and holds a Ph.D. in insect biochemistry from Michigan State University.

A ground water monitoring study was conducted for the triazine herbicide simazine at 11 sites in the United States. The study used carefully selected, small-scale sites (average size: about 33 acres) with documented product use and sensitive hydrogeological settings. The sites selected were Tulare County, California (two sites);Fresno County, California;Sussex County, delaware;Hardee and Palm Beach counties, Florida;Winnebago County, Illinois;Jackson County, Indiana;Van Buren and Berrien counties, Michigan;and Jefferson County, West Virginia. These sites satisfied the following criteria: a history of simazine use, including the year prior to the start of the study;permeable soil and vadose zone;shallow depth to water;no restrictive soil layers above the water table;and gentle slopes not exceeding 2 percent. A variety of crop types, climates, and irrigation practices were included. Monitoring well clusters (shallow and deep) were installed at each site except in California and West Virginia, where only shallow wells were installed. Simazine was monitored at these sites at quarterly intervals for a two-year period during 1986-1988. The results of the study showed that out of 153 samples analyzed, 45 samples showed simazine detections. A substantial majority of the detections (32 out of 45) occurred in Tulare, Fresno, and Jefferson counties. The detections in these areas were attributed to mechanisms other than leaching, such as drainage wells, karst areas, surface water recharge, or point source problems. An additional 11 detections in Van Buren County were apparently due to an unknown upgradient source. Only one detection (in Palm Beach County, Florida) near the screening level of 0.1 ppb was attributed to possible leaching. The results of this investigation support the hypothesis that simazine does not leach significantly under field use conditions.

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A METHOd FOR ASSESSING RESIdUAL NAPL BASEd ON ORGANIC-CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS IN SOIL SAMPLES

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1991年第2期11卷 128-136页

作者： FEENSTRA, S MACKAY, dM CHERRY, JA Stan Feenstra is a hydrogeochemist and president of Applied Groundwater Research Ltd. in Mississauga Ontario He received a B.Sc. in earth sciences and an M.Sc. in hydrogeology from the University of Waterloo in 1978 and 1980 respectively and was designated a Certified Ground Water Professional by AGWSE in 1989. Since 1980 he has been a ground water consultant with Golder Associates in Mississauga Ontario and Zenon Environmental in Burlington Ontario and founded Applied Groundwater Research Ltd. in 1987. Feenstra specializes in the hydrogeochemical evaluation of ground water contamination at waste disposal facilities and chemical spill sites. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in hydrogeology and research associate in the Waterloo Centre for Ground Water Research at the University of Waterloo (Waterloo Ontario N2L 3G1) and is involved in research related to the behavior of dense organic solvents in ground water. Douglas M. Mackay is an adjunct professor at the Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario (N2L3G1). Dr. Mackay received a B.S. in engineering and M.S. and Ph.D. in civil engineering from Stanford University in 1970 1973 and 1981 respectively. From 1986 to 1990 he was a faculty member of the Environmental Science and Engineering Program of the UCLA School of Public Health. His research focuses on field studies of transport and fate of organic chemicals in ground water various scale studies of decontamination of soil and ground water and ground water monitoring technologies. John A. Cherry is a professor at the Waterloo Centre for Groundwater Research at the University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario (N2L 3G1). He received his B.S. in geological engineering from the University of Saskatchewan in 1962. He received his M.S. from the University of California at Berkeley in 1964 and his Ph.D. from the Department of Geology at the University of Illinois in 1966. His research interests include the field study and modeling of contaminants in ground wat

Ground water contamination by non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) chemicals is a serious concern at many industrial facilities and waste disposal sites. NAPL in the form of immobile residual contamination, or pools of mobile or potentially mobile NAPL, can represent continuing sources of ground water contamination. In order to develop rational and cost-effective plans for remediation of soil and ground water contamination at such sites, it is essential to determine if non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) chemicals are present in the subsurface and delineate the zones of NAPL contamination. The presence of NAPL pools may be evident as a floating or sinking phase in monitoring wells. The residual NAPL contamination may be identified in soil samples if residual contents are high and contaminated zones in the soil cores are thick. However, visual identification may not be effective if residual contents ar elow or if the NAPL residual is distributed heterogeneously in the samples. The chemical analysis of soil samples provides a measure of the total chemical concentration in the soil but cannot determine directly whether NAPL is present in the samples. Qualitatively, soil analyses that exhibit chemical concentrations in the percent range or > 10,000 mg/kg would generally be considered to indicate the presence of NAPL. However, the results of soil analyses are seldom used in a quantitative manner to assess the possible presence of residual NAPL contamination when chemical concentrations are lower and the presence of NAPL is not obvious. The assessment of the presence of NAPL in soil samples is possible using the results of chemical and physical analyses of the soil, and the fundamental principles of chemical partitioning in unsaturated or saturated soil. The method requires information on the soil of the type typically considered in ground water contamination studies and provides a simple tool for the investigators of chemical spill and waste disposal sites to assess whether soil

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dEVELOPMENT OF A LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERY FOR UNdERWATER VEHICLE PROPULSION - REPLY

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第4期103卷 130-130页

作者： SMITH, ph JAMES, Sd CHUA, dL Patricia H. Smithis group leader of the R&D Group in the Electrochemistry Branch Code R33 of the Naval Surface Warfare Center Silver Spring Md. She obtained her Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry at the University of Maryland in 1981. Dr. Smith is managing the High Energy Battery Project funded by the Office of Naval Technology to develop power sources for the next generation naval systems. A major thrust of this project is developing rechargeable lithium batteries to propel underwater naval vehicles. Dr. Smith is the editor in chief of the High Energy Battery Newsletter. David L. Chuais the manager of lithium battery R&D at Alliant Techsystems Inc.—Power Sources Center (formerly Honeywell) Horsham Penn. He is responsible for the research and development of both primary and rechargeable lithium technologies. He received his M.S. in metallurgical engineering at the University of Arizona in 1969 and a Ph.D. in materials engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1973. Dr. Chua has over 15 years experience in lithium electrochemical research received 5 patents and authored numerous papers on lithium battery technology. Stanley D. Jamesobtained his Ph.D. in physical chemistry at the Imperial College of Science London in 1959. In 1967 he joined the Naval Surface Warfare Center Silver Spring Md. and is presently the senior technical consultant to the R&D Group in the Electrochemistry Branch Code R33. Dr. James has authored 45 papers and is the technical editor of the High Energy Battery Newsletter.

The Navy is researching lithium rechargeable batteries as a possible replacement for silver oxide/zinc cells in powering the next generation of naval underwater vehicles. This paper summarizes progress made with the most promising lithium system — lithium/cobalt oxide, which has 2.5 times the theoretical energy density of silver oxide/zinc. Using small (0.03 Ah) laboratory cells, optimization was completed for cathode fabrication and electrolyte composition. Even at three times the required discharge rate, cycle life obtained with these cells was over double the program goal. Furthermore, a significant fast charge capability was demonstrated when charging was conducted at constant potential versus constant current. This laboratory cell technology was scaled up successfully to 2.5 Ah cell test fixtures. Presently, engineering development is underway at the 10 Ah level in hermetically sealed, instrumented subcells. Preliminary data are achieving the required energy densities for at least 15 cycles with tests still continuing. The optimized design resulting from the 10 Ah tests is being incorporated into 30 Ah cells.

关键词： Submarines

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ROLE OF SIMULATION IN RAPId PROTOTYPING FOR CONCEPT dEVELOPMENT

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 204-211页

作者： KING, JF BARTON, dE J. Fred King:is the manager of the Advanced Technology Department for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Houston in 1977. He has been principal investigator of research projects in knowledge engineering pattern recognition and heuristic problem-solving. Efforts include the development of a multi-temporal multispectral classifier for identifying graincrops using LANDSAT satellite imagery data for NASA. Also as a member of the research team for a NCI study with Baylor College of Medicine and NASA he helped develop techniques for detection of carcinoma using multispectral microphotometer scans of lung tissue. He established and became technical director of the AI Laboratory for Ford Aerospace where he developed expert scheduling modeling and knowledge acquisition systems for NASA. Since joining Unisys in 1985 he has led the development of object-oriented programming environments blackboard architectures data fusion techniques using neural networks and intelligent data base systems. Douglas E. Barton:is manager of Logistics Information Systems for Unisys in Reston Virginia. He earned his B.A. degree in computer science from the College of William and Mary in 1978 and did postgraduate work in London as a Drapers Company scholar. Since joining Unisys in 1981 his work has concentrated on program management and software engineering of large scale data base management systems and design and implementation of knowledge-based systems in planning and logistics. As chairman of the Logistics Data Subcommittee of the National Security Industrial Association (NSIA) he led an industry initiative which examined concepts in knowledge-based systems in military logistics. His responsibilities also include evaluation development and tailoring of software engineering standards and procedures for data base and knowledge-based systems. He is currently program manager of the Navigation Information Management System which provides support to the Fleet Ballistic Missile Progr

A valuable technique during concept development is rapid prototyping of software for key design components. This approach is particularly useful when the optimum design approach is not readily apparent or several known alternatives need to be rapidly evaluated. A problem inherent in rapid prototyping is the lack of a "target system" with which to interface. Some alternatives are to develop test driver libraries, integrate the prototype with an existing working simulator, or build one for the specific problem. This paper presents a unique approach to concept development using rapid prototyping for concept development and scenario-based simulation for concept verification. The rapid prototyping environment, derived from artificial intelligence technology, is based on a blackboard architecture. The rapid prototype simulation capability is provided through an object-oriented modeling environment. It is shown how both simulation and blackboard technologies are used collectively to rapidly gain insight into a tenacious problem. A specific example will be discussed where this approach was used to evolve the logic of a mission controller for an autonomous underwater vehicle.

关键词： Military engineering

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MOdELING MANAGEMENT PRACTICE EFFECTS ON PESTICIdE MOVEMENT TO GROUNd-WATER

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1990年第1期10卷 109-115页

作者： SHOEMAKER, LL MAGETTE, WL SHIRMOHAMMAdI, A Leslie L. Shoemaker is a former USDA National Needs Fellow in the Department of Agricultural Engineering where she ispursuing a Ph.D. degree (Agricultural Engineering Department University of Maryland College Park MD 207424711). The focus of her research program is on augmentation of the GLEAMS model to describe the hydrologic behavior of the vadose zone. She previously has been extensively involved in model applications for non-point source pollution control both in a graduate degree program at Cornell University and as an engineer with the Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin. She is currently employed as a water resources engineer with Greenhorne and 0 'Mara GreenbeltMaryland. William L. Magette is assistant professor of Agricultural Engineering at The University of Maryland College Park (A griculturalEngineering Department 1126 Shriver Lab The University of Maryland College Park MD 20742). He received his B.S. M.E. and Ph.D. from Virginia Polytechnic Institute andstate University. Currentlyhis research and extension programs address water quality impacts of agricultural best management practices. Adel Shirmohammadi is assistant professor of Agricultural Engineering at The University of Maryland College Park (Agricultural Engineering Department 1108 Shriver Lab The University of Maryland College ParkMD 20742). He received his B.S. in Iran and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Nebraska and North Carolina State University respectively. His current research interests include transport and shallow water table management models to quantify the hydrologic and water quality responses of agricultural watersheds.

The assessment of agricultural impacts on water quality are now being redirected to include both ground water and surface water. Mathematical models have enhanced the ability of scientists’to evaluate these impacts. A variety of public domain models are available that can aid in evaluating the effects of managerial activities on pesticide movement to ground water. However, the ideal non-point source (NPS) pollution management model does not exist. Current models fail to adequately describe the transport of chemicals to ground water and, simultaneously, the effect of managerial practices on transport mechanisms. Much more work is necessary to develop a model that can describe water quality impacts of agricultural practices in a holistic framework that includes ground water and surface water concerns.

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