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A dISCRETE POINT SAMPLER FOR GROUNd-WATER MONITORING WELLS

GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1988年第3期8卷 161-164页

作者： MACphERSON, JR PANKOW, JF James R. MacPherson Jr. is a graduate research associate in the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Oregon Graduate Center (19600 NW Von Neumann Dr. Beaverton OR 97006-1999). He received his B.S. in biology from the College of William and Mary in 1980 and continued there to receive his M.S. in environmental chemistry in 1982. He then worked for a consulting firm on TSCA FIFRA and RCRA projects until 1984. His research interests include vapor phase transport in the unsaturated zone sampling and analytical method development and the role of biodegradation in contaminant fate. James F. Pankow is professor and chairman of the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Oregon Graduate Center (19600 NW Von Neumann Dr. Beaverton OR 97006-1999). He received his B.A. in chemistry in 1973 from the State University of New York at Binghamton and his Ph.D. in environmental engineering science from the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena California in 1979. His group is involved in the study of the physical and chemical processes affecting the behavior of organic compounds in the environment. This work includes the development and application of appropriate sampling and analysis techniques for the determination of trace organic compounds in ground water.

A discrete point sampler has been developed that overcomes disadvantages inherent in several current small-volume samplers. It is designed to obtain ground water samples after a well has been purged with a pump. It consists of a sample chamber, two ports, and a stopcock for withdrawing sample aliquots. After lowering the sampler into a well, sampling is initiated by pulling on a line that sequentially removes the plugs in the lower and the upper level ports. The sample chamber fills from the bottom port and vents air from the top port. The device is suitable for sampling for volatile organic compounds in ground waters that are not subject to spontaneous bubble degassing. The upper port is sufficiently far above the lower port that none of the water that is sampled is exposed to the vented air. The sample chamber fills in such a way that the water that is taken from the chamber for analysis is not exposed to the headspace in the chamber.

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ROCKET MOTOR dESIGN FOR UNdERWATER SHOCK

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 215-225页

作者： YAGLA, JJ The authorreceived his B.A. degree in science (physics) from the Slate College of Iowa in 1965. He received his M.S. degree in engineering mechanics in 1968 and his Ph.D. in aerospace engineering and engineering science in 1981 from Arizona State University. He has done analytical and experimental research in the field of weapons blast and dynamical response since 1965 at the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Dahlgren Virginia. As a supervisory research mechanical engineer he was previously head of the Physical Response Analysis Branch Blast Effects Branch and Ship Engineering Branch. Dr. Yagla is the test development agent and was test conductor for the gun and missile structural test firings in USSIowaclass battleships. He is a consultant to the Naval Sea Systems Command battleship combat system engineer and the Naval Air Systems Command Cruise Missile Project for blast and structural response. He has been involved in the development of Standard missile and its launching systems since 1969. He participated in the design of shock tests for the Mk 104 rocket motor and analyzed the data. He is presently analyzing shock and vibration problems for the Standard Missile Program Office.

Naval ships and equipment are designed to survive underwater shock. The underwater shock can result from a nearby explosion of a bomb or missile, or the underwater detonation of a nuclear weapon. The shock wave travels through the water and applies an impulsive pressure load to the ship. The ship responds by a sudden acceleration in a direction up and away from the explosion. The motion of the ship is imparted to its weapons and equipment. In the case of Standard missile, impulsive loads are applied to the missiles stowed in the magazines. The evolutionary design of rocket motor chambers and launch shoes for Standard missile for underwater shock is traced from the early Tartar missile to the latest version of Standard missile. As the weight of the missile has increased and the performance requirements have become more demanding, the design of the weapon for underwater shock has become more difficult. The paper explains the design approaches and techniques. Theoretical and experimental methods have been required. Finally, the paper highlights the experiences and problems in conducting underwater shock experiments with production systems in ships at sea.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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OXYGEN-TRANSFER THROUGH FLEXIBLE TUBING ANd ITS EFFECTS ON GROUNd-WATER SAMPLING RESULTS

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1988年第3期8卷 83-89页

作者： HOLM, TR GEORGE, GK BARCELONA, MJ Thomas R. Holm is an associate chemist in the Aquatic Chemistry Section of the Illinois State Water Survey (2204 Griffith Dr. Champaign IL 61820-7495) a division of the Illinois Department of Energy and Natural Resources. His research interests include ground water geochemistry trace-metal speciation and arsenic chemistry. Prior to joining the Water Survey he was a research assistant prof essor at the University of Minnesota (Twin Cities) where he studied the geochemistry of aquifer thermal energy storage. Before that he was a postdoctoral research associate in the Water Chemistry Program of the University of Wisconsin (Madison) where he investigated arsenic speciation and cycling in fresh water sediments. He received his B.S. in chemistry from Portland State University and his M.S. and Ph.D. in environmental engineering science from the California Institute of Technology. Gregory K. George is' an assistant chemist in the Aquatic Chemistry Section of the Illinois State Water Survey (2204 Griffith Dr. Champaign IL 61820-7495). His research work has focused on evaluation and improvement of analytical methods for naturally occurring aquatic organic matter and on the development and validation of analytical and sampling methods for ground water oxidants. He was previously a research technician with the University of Illinois Institute for Environmental Studies where he determined dissolved 226Ra for a ground water treatment project. He received a B.S. in chemistry from the University of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign). Michael J. Barcelona is the head of the Aquatic Chemistry Section of the Illinois State Water Survey (2204 Griffith Dr. Champaign IL 61820-7495). His research interests include ground water geochemistry contaminant detection monitoring and verification techniques with an emphasis on ground water resource protection and management. He has been involved in various aspects of ground water research and policy matters extensively in the past eight years. He has a B.A. in chemistry from St. Mary's

A model for the diffusion of gases through polymeric tubing was derived which predicts that the amount of gas transferred is proportional to the tubing length and inversely proportional to the pumping rate. The model was experimentally tested and confirmed for oxygen transfer through fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymer (FEP) tubing using tubing lengths and flow rates typical of ground water sampling. diffusion can introduce measurable concentrations of oxygen into initially anoxic water. diffusive loss of carbon dioxide from water that is oversaturated with respect to atmospheric CO 2 does not measurably affect ph under similar usage conditions.

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PERFORMANCE OF THE SHINPAdS SERIAL dATA BUS FOR FRIGATE-CLASS SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第4期100卷 191-199页

作者： KAYE, AR STARCHUK, GJ A. Roger Kaye:is a professor in the Department of Systems and Computer Engineering at Carleton University Ottawa Canada. His research interests are in computer-communication networks and expert systems for their management. He spent many years in both industrial and government research laboratories prior to joining Carleton. He holds the Ph.D. and M.Eng. degrees from Carleton and the B.Sc. (Eng.) from the University of London England. Gary J. Starchuk:received the B.Eng. degree in engineering management at the Royal Military College of Canada in 1973 the M.A.Sc. degree in management sciences from the University of Waterloo in 1979 and the M.Sc. degree in information and system science from Carleton University in 1987. He holds the rank of lieutenant commander in the Canadian Forces and is currently serving as a project manager in a major project.

The paper presents performance results for the SHINPAdS serial data bus operating in the environment of a modern, frigate-class ship using a combination of point-to-point links for certain major applications systems and the shared, SHINPAdS bus for others. The traffic model used is representative of experience in the design of new ships of this type. It is shown that the bus has adequate performance for the expected traffic load. In addition it is shown that, as traffic increases, delay problems will show up in the application processor environment before there is any significant degradation of the performance of the bus. The value of the provision of several classes of priority on the bus is also investigated.

关键词： dATA TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENT

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NAVAL SHIP dESIGN - EVOLUTION OR REVOLUTION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1988年第3期100卷 40-52页

作者： TIBBITTS, BF KEANE, RG RIGGINS, RJ Captain Barry Tibbitts USN: was graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1956 and subsequently served as a gunnery division officer in an attack aircraft carrier and as gunnery officer operations officer and chief engineer in two diesel submarines. He attended MIT from 1962–1965 earning a master of science in mechanical engineering and a naval engineers degree. Early assignments as an engineering duty officer included SRF Yokosuka CINCPACFLT staff and SupShip Pascagoula. From 1976 to 1987 he served in a variety of senior ship design assignments: CVV ship design manager director NAVSEC Hull and Ship Design Divisions director NavSea Ship Design Management and Integration Office commander David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center and director NavSea Ship Design Group. Recently retired but recalled to active duty he is the professor of naval construction and engineering at MIT. He has received seven personal decorations including two Legion of Merit awards. Robert G. Keane Jr.:is currently the deputy director of the NavSea Ship Design Group. He has been employed by NavSea and its predecessor organizations for over twenty years. He is a graduate of The Johns Hopkins University from which he received his B.E.S. degree in mechanical engineering in 1962. He received his M.E. degree in mechanical engineering in 1967 from Stevens Institute of Technology and in 1970 his M.S.E. degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from the University of Michigan. Mr. Keane held increasingly responsible design positions involving ship arrangements hull equipment hull form and hydrodynamic performance before being selected in 1981 for the Senior Executive Service to be director of the Naval Architecture Subgroup. Following an assignment at the David Taylor Research Center as assistant for transition of ship engineering technology he served as director of the Ship Survivability Subgroup until assuming his current position in 1985. He is an active member of ASNE SNAME and ASE. Robert Riggins:received a B.S. in mechanical

Some fairly radical changes to the naval ship design process occurred during the 1970s. The decade of the 80s has also witnessed a steady stream of changes. One of the most significant was the establishment of the Ship Characteristics Improvement Board (SCIB) in the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav), and the resulting influence on the dialog between the military requirements decision makers and the Navy's ship designers. Other changes have occurred for which the impacts are less clear. These include establishment of the chief engineer of the Navy (ChEng) position, creation of the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (SpaWar) and OpNav's “Revolution at Sea” initiative. This paper will describe and discuss these and other changes, and comment on the resultant impact. The authors will attempt to present a global view of the total pattern of changes and try to discern if we are on a path of revolution, or merely normal evolution.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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CENTENNIAL BANQUET AddRESS

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Naval Engineers Journal 1988年第4期100卷 95-97页

作者： COSTELLO, ROBERT B. UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (ACQUISITION) Robert B. Costello was nominated by President Reagan to be Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition) in 1987 was confirmed by the Senate and took oath of office in December 1987. Born in New Rochelle New York on June 21 1926 Dr. Costello earned his B.C.E. and M.C.E. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1947 and 1948. He received a Ph.D. in civil engineering from Cornell University in 1951. Dr. Costello enlisted in the Navy in 1944 was recalled to active duty as an officer during the Korean War and retired from the Naval Reserve with the rank of captain in 1978. After the Korean War Dr. Costello held a number of positions in advanced research and management specializing in material science aerospace missile testing and engineering. In 1960 Dr. Costello joined the Allison Division of General Motors as Chief of Missile Engineering. Subsequently he con- ducted scientific research in deep ocean engineering and acoustic research at the Defense Research Laboratories. He holds numerous patents in deep ocean materials systems and instrumentation. Dr. Costello then returned to the Allison Division as Director Liabon for the Main Battle Tank Program. Dr. Costello was then assigned to the Delco Electronics Division where he became the Director of Materials Management. In I982 Dr. Costello was appointed the Executive Director Purchasing Activities. for the entire General Motors Corporation. He was responsible for providing new directions and implementing a broad range of new programs throughout General Motors and its suppliers worldwide. He was nominated by President Reagan to be Assbtant Secretary of Defense (Production and Logistics) in October I986 and took oath of office in March 1987. He held thb position until his current appointment.

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A PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF MULTIphASE TRANSPORT-THEORY TO GROUNdWATER CONTAMINATION PROBLEMS

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GROUNd WATER MONITORING ANd REMEdIATION 1987年第1期7卷 84-92页

作者： HINCHEE, RE REISINGER, HJ Robert E. Hinchee Ph.D. P.E. is manager of Western Regional Engineering Operations for EA Engineering Science and Technology Inc. (41 Lafayette Circle Lafayette CA 94549). He holds a doctorate in civil and environmental engineering from Utah State University is a registered professional engineer and is a master's level certified hazardous materials manager. He is involved in subsurface hydrocarbon behavior research and practical assessment and remediation of contaminated sites. His experience includes investigation and design of remediation at more than 50 subsurface petroleum spill sites. H. James Reisinger II CHMM is a vice president of EA Engineering Science and Technology Inc. (Hunt Valley/Loveton Center 15 Loveton Circle Sparks MD 21152) and is responsible for all analytical services. He holds a master's degree from Millersville State University and is a master's level certified hazardous materials manager. He has developed sampling and analytical programs and provided analysis of the resulting data for more than 100 contaminated sites. He is currently responsible for a major laboratory that is in the EPA CLP program and certified in eight states.

Hydrocarbon transport in the subsurface environment occurs in several phases, chiefly the non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL), dissolved and vapor phases. Mechanisms that influence transport include the physicochemical properties of the specific compounds present (density, vapor pressure, viscosity, hydrophobicity) and the physical and chemical properties of the subsurface environment, including geology, aquifer minerology and ground water hydrology. Hydrocarbon liquids are typically complex mixtures composed of numerous compounds, each with its own individual physicochemical and, therefore, transport properties. Examination of chemical data can provide insights into the transport mechanisms operating at a site: Ground water transport results in relative enrichment by more soluble, less hydrophobic hydrocarbon compounds as a function of distance from a spill; vapor phase transport typically results in relative enrichment in more volatile hydrocarbon *** sites at which subsurface fuel spills resulted in ground water contamination will illustrate the use of transport mechanism theory. At Site 1 a subsurface spill resulted in a NAPL plume approximately 150m (500 feet) and a dissolved hydrocarbon plume resulting from ground water transport of dissolved hydrocarbon approximately 350m (1150 feet) hydraulically downgradient of the source. At Site 2 there was a sudden subsurface fuel spill; ground water pumping with hydrocarbon recovery was begun within a week of spillage. Vapor phase transport resulted in contaminated ground water hydraulically upgradient of the source. In addition, there was cross-contamination at Site 2, probably as the result of contaminated water level gauging equipment, but the chemical characteristics of this contamination were sufficiently obvious to permit its identification. An understanding of transport mechanisms is instrumental in contamination assessment source identification, contaminant fate prediction and design of an appropriate reme

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16-IN GUN BLAST ANd THE BATTLESHIP REACTIVATION program

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 227-238页

作者： YAGLA, JJ The authorreceived his B. A. degree in science (physics) from the State College of Iowa in 1965. He received his M. S. degree in engineering mechanics in 1968 and his Ph.D in aerospace engineering and engineering science in 1981 from Arizona State University. He has done analytical and experimental research in the field of weapons blast since 1965 at the Naval Surface Weapons Center in Dahlgren Virginia. As a supervisory research mechanical engineer he was previously head of the Physical Response Analysis Branch Blast Effects Branch and Ship Engineering Branch. Dr. Yagla is the test development agent and was test conductor for the gun and missile structural test firings in USS Iowa class battleships. He is a consultant to the Naval Sea Systems Command battleship combat system engineer and the Naval Air Systems Command Cruise Missile Project for blast and structural response. He is presently analyzing shock and vibration problems for the Standard Missile Program Office.

Reactivated and modernized USS Iowa class battleships employ many new systems, none of which were designed to withstand blast from 16-inch guns. Placement of the new equipment was driven by the need to impose the smallest possible restrictions on the guns. The design problem was complicated by two factors: first, the blast overpressure field surrounding the gun had not been accurately measured with modern instruments. Second, the blast overpressure tolerance of several important systems was unknown. The problem was solved through judicious placement of the equipment so that work could begin on the ship. Meanwhile the pressure surrounding a 16-inch gun was measured at the dahlgren Laboratory. Mathematical functions describing the blast field were then used to design shipboard experiments in which the guns were fired at progressively more severe angles of train and elevation, while the equipment performance was carefully monitored. Four sets of shipboard experiments were required. Limiting values for the firing arcs have been determined, and the consequences of exceeding the recommended limits are now known.

关键词： WARSHIPS

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INTERCOMPARTMENTAL FLUId SHIFTS IN HEMOdIALYSIS-PATIENTS

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BIOtechnology PROGRESS 1987年第2期3卷 69-73页

作者： HEINEKEN, FG EVANS, MC KEEN, ML GOTCH, FA COBE Laboratories Inc. Lakewood Colorado Fred G. Heineken is currently Program Director for Biotechnology within the Emerging Engineering Technologies Division of the Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation. He received his B.Sc. degree in Chemical Engineering from Northwestern University and his Ph.D. degree in the same discipline from the University of Minnesota. His work experience includes fermentation research at Monsanto teaching and research in respiration physiology at the University of Colorado and hemodialysis product design and evaluation at COBE Laboratories. Hemodialysis Treatment and Research Center Franklin Hospital Ralph K. Davis Medical Center San Francisco California Mary C. Evans has a BS degree in Chemistry from the University of Florida. She has held positions in the artificial kidney development group at Dow Chemical Company and the new product development group of Cordis-Dow Corporation. She is currently working in clinical research in the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. Marcia Keen is currently a doctoral student at the University of California San Francisco and serves as Clinical Research Supervisor at the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. She received her MS at the University of California San Francisco. Her thesis research developed a non-invasive Doppler technique to quantitate vascular access graft flow in hemodialysis patients. Her research interests include physiologic responses to dialysis therapy manipulations. Frank Gotch is an Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine at the University of California San Francisco. He received his BA and MD from the University of California and is currently Medical Director of the Hemodialysis Treatment & Research Center at Franklin Hospital in San Francisco. His research has addressed such issues as adequacy of dialysis and mathematical modeling of hemodialysis and associated therapies. He is a past president of the American

Hemodialysis is a therapeutic procedure for replacing some functions of the natural kidney. As such, it is capable of allowing people with little or no residual kidney function to survive and in some cases to lead productive lives. There are, unfortunately, a number of side effects associated with this procedure (shock, muscle cramps, fatigue, etc.). In order to minimize these side effects, we have undertaken to model shifts of fluid between the intracellular and extracellular fluid spaces in hemodialysis patients. Fluid shifts are primarily a function of osmolality differences between these fluid spaces. Changes in osmolality are caused mainly by changes in urea and salt concentrations. Least squares analysis of patient data has been used to estimate the appropriate ultrafiltration and urea mass transfer coefficients for each patient. The model has then been used to find a dialysate sodium concentration profile that will minimize fluid shifts into and out of the intracellular fluid space.

关键词： BIOMEdICAL EQUIPMENT

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RELIABILITY-BASEd FATIGUE dESIGN FOR SHIP STRUCTURES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 135-149页

作者： WHITE, GJ AYYUB, BM Gregory J. White: LCdr. USNR-R is an assistant professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received a B. S. degree in engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M. E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 first as the damage control assistant aboard the USS Reasoner (FF-1063) and then as the commissioning CIC officer aboard the USS Merrill (DD-976). After leaving active duty and while attending graduate school he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific section (Code 250.1). Upon completion of graduate school he then worked for Exxon International Company as a research engineer in the R & D division of the tanker department. A lieutenant commander in the Ready Reserve Dr. White drills with the repair department of a submarine tender reserve unit and recently completed the reserve engineering duty officer qualification program. A member of ASNE since 1983 Dr. White is also a member of SNAME and the U.S. Naval Institute Dr. White received the “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985. Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an assistant professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B. S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M. S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. While there he was awarded the Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Science Fellowship. Dr. Ayyub has extensive background in risk-based analysis and design simulation pre-stressed composite steel girders and construction engineering. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability bridges marine structures mathematical modelling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work is sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board the University of Maryland the Natio

In the continuing effort to apply reliability methods to marine structures, the next logical step is to include these techniques in the design process. The advantage of doing this would be the ability to design more efficient structures with some measure of certainty of the reliability level involved. The particular application in ship structural design which would benefit the most from using reliability methods is the design against fatigue failure. In this paper, some of the reliability-based methods currently being used (or proposed for use) in the design of structures against fatigue are examined. Each is evaluated as to its suitability for use in the structural design of ships. In addition, the authors propose a new reliability-based fatigue design format which is based on their recently introduced Reliability-Conditioned (RC) design method and the Load and Resistance Factor design (LRFd) code format. This approach is hoped to provide the design engineer with an easy to understand and use tool based on the LRFd format. The RC method will enable him to quickly and accurately design the components of a ship's structure such that a desired level of safety against fatigue is achieved. Each of the methods discussed is used to solve a practical example. The results of that example and several others are used to discuss the relative merits of each method.

关键词： SHIPS

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