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Emulating Neuromorphic and In-Memory Computing Utilizing defect Engineering in 2d-Layered WSeOx and WSe2 Thin Films by Plasma-Assisted Selenization Process

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Advanced Functional Materials 2023年第38期33卷

作者： Chaudhary, Mayur Yang, Tzu-Yi Chen, Chieh-Ting Lai, Po-Chien Hsu, Yu-Chieh Peng, Yu-Ren Kumar, Ashish Lee, Chih-Hao Chueh, Yu-Lun Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan College of Semiconductor Research National Tsing-Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Physics National Sun Yat-Sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Engineering and System Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

The neuromorphic and in-memory computing using memristors are promising for the building of the next generation computing systems. However, the diffusion dynamics of metal ions/atoms inside the switching medium impose variability in conducting filament (CF) formation, thus limiting their use in von-Neumann architecture. The precise modulation on the diffusion of metal ions/atoms and their reduction/oxidation probability holds promise to overcome the speed, size, and energy issues of present-day computers. Here, this study shows that the diffusion of metal ions can be modulated by defects inside the switching medium and confines metal filaments in a precise 1d channel. This filament confinement by the defect engineering leads to an anomalous switching mechanism with two interchangeable modes: unipolar threshold and bipolar modes. The variation between two modes can be modulated by controlling defects in the structures, leading to a uniform switching with low SET/RESET voltage variations of 17.3% and −17.6%, respectively. Moreover, the convolutional neural network is implemented to emulate synaptic plasticity and image recognition to achieve recognition accuracy of 87% due to a highly linear weight update, demonstrating its potential for in-memory computing. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Image recognition

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Explaining heterogeneity in medial entorhinal cortex with task-driven neural networks 21

Explaining heterogeneity in medial entorhinal cortex with ta...

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Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Aran Nayebi Alexander Attinger Malcolm G. Campbell Kiah Hardcastle Isabel I.C. Low Caitlin S. Mallory Gabriel C. Mel Ben Sorscher Alex H. Williams Surya Ganguli Lisa M. Giocomo daniel L.K. Yamins Neurosciences Ph.D. Program Stanford University Department of Neurobiology Stanford University Neurosciences Ph.D. Program Stanford University and Department of Neurobiology Stanford University and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford University Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Department of Statistics Stanford University and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford University Department of Applied Physics Stanford University and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford University and Facebook AI Research Facebook Inc. Department of Neurobiology Stanford University and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford University Department of Computer Science Stanford University and Department of Psychology Stanford University and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford University

ISBN: (纸本)9781713845393

Medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) supports a wide range of navigational and memory related behaviors. Well-known experimental results have revealed specialized cell types in MEC — e.g. grid, border, and head-direction cells — whose highly stereotypical response profiles are suggestive of the role they might play in supporting MEC functionality. However, the majority of MEC neurons do not exhibit stereotypical firing patterns. How should the response profiles of these more "heterogeneous" cells be described, and how do they contribute to behavior? In this work, we took a computational approach to addressing these questions. We first performed a statistical analysis that shows that heterogeneous MEC cells are just as reliable in their response patterns as the more stereotypical cell types, suggesting that they have a coherent functional role. Next, we evaluated a spectrum of candidate models in terms of their ability to describe the response profiles of both stereotypical and heterogeneous MEC cells. We found that recently developed task-optimized neural network models are substantially better than traditional grid cell-centric models at matching most MEC neuronal response profiles — including those of grid cells themselves — despite not being explicitly trained for this purpose. Specific choices of network architecture (such as gated nonlinearities and an explicit intermediate place cell representation) have an important effect on the ability of the model to generalize to novel scenarios, with the best of these models closely approaching the noise ceiling of the data itself. We then performed in silico experiments on this model to address questions involving the relative functional relevance of various cell types, finding that heterogeneous cells are likely to be just as involved in downstream functional outcomes (such as path integration) as grid and border cells. Finally, inspired by recent data showing that, going beyond their spatial response selectivity, MEC cells

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CompressedMediQ: Hybrid Quantum Machine Learning Pipeline for High-dimensional Neuroimaging data

CompressedMediQ: Hybrid Quantum Machine Learning Pipeline fo...

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Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Workshops (ICASSPW), IEEE International Conference on

作者： Kuan-Cheng Chen Yi-Tien Li Tai-Yu Li Chen-Yu Liu Po-Heng Henry Lee Cheng-Yu Chen Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK Centre for Quantum Engineering Science and Technology (QuEST) Imperial College London London UK Translational Imaging Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Research Center for Neuroscience Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan National Center for High-Performance Computing NARlabs Hsinchu Taiwan Graduate Institute of Applied Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (数字)9798331519315

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519322

This paper introduces CompressedMediQ, a novel hybrid quantum-classical machine learning pipeline specifically developed to address the computational challenges associated with high-dimensional multi-class neuroimaging data analysis. Standard neuroimaging datasets, such as large-scale MRI data from the Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative and Neuroimaging in Frontotemporal dementia, present significant hurdles due to their vast size and complexity. CompressedMediQ integrates classical HPC nodes for advanced MRI pre-processing and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-PCA-based feature extraction and reduction, addressing the limited-qubit availability for quantum data encoding in the NISQ era. This is followed by Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) classification. By utilizing quantum kernel methods, the pipeline optimizes feature mapping and classification, enhancing data separability and outperforming traditional neuroimaging analysis techniques. Experimental results highlight the pipeline’s superior accuracy in dementia staging, validating the practical use of quantum machine learning in clinical diagnostics. despite the limitations of NISQ devices, this proof-of-concept demonstrates the transformative potential of quantum-enhanced learning, paving the way for scalable and precise diagnostic tools in healthcare and signal processing.

关键词： Neuroimaging Support vector machines Quantum computing Accuracy Magnetic resonance imaging Pipelines Machine learning Medical services Signal processing Standards

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Ti-6al-4v Intervertebral Fusion Cage with Compatible Stiffness, Enhanced Fatigue Life, and Osteogenic differentiation

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Wu, Yu-Jie Wang, Chi-Yun Feng, Kuei-Chih Chien, R.R. Mana-Ay, Haidee Kung, Shyang-Yih Hou, Kuang-Hua Tu, Chi-Shun Chen, Pin-Yi Lai, Po-Liang International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City24301 Taiwan Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City24301 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City24301 Taiwan Department of Physics Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City24205 Taiwan Bone and Joint Research Center Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan City33305 Taiwan Department of Physics Silliman University Dumaguete City6200 Philippines Department of Mechanical Engineering Chang Gung University Taoyuan City33302 Taiwan

The 3d-printed Ti-6Al-4V intervertebral fusion cage is fabricated to be biocompatible with improved stiffness, fatigue life, and osteogenic differentiation, which are greatly enhanced by heat treatment and surface modification. The flexible cage’s life, which exceeds the standard dynamic fatigue requirement of 5x106 cycles based on the ASTM F2077 and F2267 test methods, is achieved by heat treatment at 800 ℃ in argon atmosphere, shot peening, and adjusting the α to β phase ratio to increase mechanical toughness. Surface modification via sandblasting and chemical etching removes the surface oxide layer and forms submicron pores on the surface of the cage, which significantly boosts cell proliferation, differentiation, and osteoblast mineralization. This work exhibits a novel design of Ti-6Al-4V intervertebral fusion cage with biocompatible stiffness, enhanced fatigue life, and improved osteogenic differentiation achieved by reducing residual stress, modifying surface micro-pores, and optimizing microstructure. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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Fabrication of tantalum silicate films with low TCR and low resistivity by magnetron sputtering

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Vacuum 2024年 226卷

作者： Chen, Cheng-Lung Huang, Cheng Chen, Sheng-Chi Liu, Yen-Chen Chuang, Min-Chen Wen, Chao-Kuang Huang, Wei-Sheng Yang, Wen-Sheng Chen, Yang-Yuan Graduate School of Materials Science National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin64002 Taiwan Department of Materials Engineering and Center for Plasma and Thin Film Technologies Ming Chi University of Technology 243 New Taipei City Taiwan College of Engineering and Center for Green Technology Chang Gung University 333 Taoyuan Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Plasma and Thin Film Technology Ming Chi University of Technology 243 New Taipei City Taiwan TPH Research & Develop Dept. Chien Hwa Coating Technology Inc. Hsinchu300 Taiwan National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Materials Grirem Advanced Materials Co. Ltd. General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing100088 China Institute of Physics Academia Sinica 115 Taipei Taiwan

Tantalum silicate (Ta–Si–O) thin film materials have gained significant interest in hybrid renewable energy systems and thin-film resistors due to their exceptional thermal stability and adjustable electrical properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of target compositions and sputtering power densities on the material structures, chemical compositions, microstructures, and electrical properties of Ta–Si–O films. Two target compositions, Ta65(SiO2)35 and Ta80(SiO2)20, were utilized in the deposition process. Notably, we observed substantial variations in the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) value and resistivity of Ta–Si–O thin films with different Ta concentrations. Most importantly, when the Ta content of the film is controlled at 62 ± 0.6 % by using this target, the resistivity of the Ta0.62Si0.20O0.18 film can be as small as 2.31 ± 0.05 × 10−4 Ω-cm and has an extremely small TCR of 22 ± 0.4 ppm/°C, which shows an excellent opportunity for the development of precision thin film resistors. A TCR value close to zero can be finely tuned by controlling the Ta concentration in the Ta–Si–O film. These intriguing electrical behaviors were found to be highly correlated with the predominant formation of metallic Ta5Si3 as the main structural phase in the films. This work presents a simple and effective approach to produce Ta–Si–O thin films with near-zero TCR, making them highly suitable for applications under high-temperature conditions. Our findings contribute to the development of tailored thin film materials with desirable electrical properties for advanced electronic and energy devices. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Thin films

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Comparing apples to apples - Using a modular and adaptable analysis pipeline to compare slow cerebral rhythms across heterogeneous datasets

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Gutzen, Robin de Bonis, Giulia de Luca, Chiara Pastorelli, Elena Capone, Cristiano Mascaro, Anna Letizia Allegra Resta, Francesco Manasanch, Arnau Pavone, Francesco Saverio Sanchez-Vives, Maria V. Mattia, Maurizio Grün, Sonja Paolucci, Pier Stanislao denker, Michael Jülich Research Centre Jülich Germany Theoretical Systems Neurobiology RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Sezione di Roma Rome Italy Ph.D. Program in Behavioural Neuroscience "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome Italy University of Florence Florence Italy Neuroscience Institute National Research Council Pisa Italy Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Florence Florence Italy Barcelona Spain National Institute of Optics National research Council Sesto Fiorentino Italy Barcelona Spain Rome Italy

Neuroscience is moving towards a more integrative discipline, where understanding brain function requires consolidating the accumulated evidence seen across experiments, species, and measurement techniques. A remaining challenge on that path is integrating such heterogeneous data into analysis workflows such that consistent and comparable conclusions can be distilled as an experimental basis for models and theories. Here, we propose a solution in the context of slow wave activity ( © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Pipelines

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Advancing supercapacitors with NiMn-LdH@V2C MXene: A synergistic pathway to enhanced energy storage

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Journal of Energy Storage 2025年 129卷

作者： Saranraj, A. Abinaya, S. Lakshmi, U.S. Govindasamy, Mani Jose, Sujin P. Advanced Materials Laboratory School of Physics Madurai Kamaraj University Tamil Nadu Madurai 625021 India International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City 243303 Taiwan Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City 243303 Taiwan

Layered double hydroxides (LdHs) exhibit limitations in supercapacitor applications due to poor conductivity, insufficient stability, and severe nanosheet aggregation. This study addresses these challenges by constructing a novel composite material. The design involves in-situ anchoring of highly dispersed Nickel-Manganese Layered double Hydroxide (NiMn-LdH) nanoparticles (∼10 nm) onto V2C MXene sheets via chemical bonding. The negatively charged MXene surface provides abundant nucleation sites for NiMn-LdH during crystallization, while surface functional groups further strengthen the material connection. This enhanced interface facilitates superior charge transfer and ion diffusion between MXene and NiMn-LdH. Compared to pristine materials, the NiMn-LdH@V2C MXene composite demonstrates a significantly higher specific capacitance (1393 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹). Additionally, it exhibits excellent cycling stability (99 % coulombic efficiency after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹) and good rate capability (80 % capacitance retention at 20 A g⁻¹). Furthermore, a symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) was fabricated with the NiMn-LdH@V2C MXene composite. The device also achieves a high energy density of 52 Wh kg⁻¹ and a power density of 799 W kg⁻¹. These results highlight the potential of NiMn-LdH@V2C MXene composite as a promising approach for designing next-generation supercapacitor electrodes with exceptional performance and durability.

关键词： Affordable And Clean Energy Electrochemical Energy storage Layered double Hydroxide Symmetric V2C MXene

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Water-Vapor Responsive Metallo-Peptide Nanofibers

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第47期136卷

作者： Avishek dey Elma Naranjo Ranajit Saha Sheng Zhang Maya Narayanan Nair Tai-de Li Xi Chen Rein V. Ulijn Nanoscience Initiative at Advanced Science Research Center of the Graduate Center of the City University of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Chemical Engineering The City College of New York 275 Convent Ave New York NY 10031 USA Department of Chemistry Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University Cooch Behar West Bengal 736101 India Department of Physics City College of New York of City University of New York New York NY 10031 USA Ph.D. Program in Physics The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA Ph.D. Program in Chemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA Department of Chemistry Hunter College City University of New York New York New York 10065 USA Ph.D. Program in Biochemistry The Graduate Center of the City University of New York 365 5th Ave New York NY 10016 USA

Short peptides are versatile molecules for the construction of supramolecular materials. Most reported peptide materials are hydrophobic, stiff, and show limited response to environmental conditions in the solid-state. Herein, we describe a design strategy for minimalistic supramolecular metallo-peptide nanofibers that, depending on their sequence, change stiffness, or reversibly assemble in the solid-state, in response to changes in relative humidity (RH). We tested a series of histidine (H) containing dipeptides with varying hydrophobicity, XH, where X is G, A, L, Y (glycine, alanine, leucine, and tyrosine). The one-dimensional fiber formation is supported by metal coordination and dynamic H-bonds. Solvent conditions were identified where GH/Zn and AH/Zn formed gels that upon air-drying gave rise to nanofibers. Upon exposure of the nanofiber networks to increasing RH, a reduction in stiffness was observed with GH/Zn fibers reversibly (dis-)assembled at 60–70 % RH driven by a rebalancing of hydrogen bonding interactions between peptides and water. When these metallo-peptide nanofibers were deposited on the surface of polyimide films and exposed to varying RH, peptide/water-vapor interactions in the solid-state mechanically transferred to the polymer film, leading to the rapid and reversible folding-unfolding of the films, thus demonstrating RH-responsive actuation.

关键词： Metallopeptide Actuation Humidity Responsive Assembly-disassembly Water Vapor Responsive

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Electrochemical detection of antimalarial drug (Amodiaquine) using dy-MOF@MWCNTs composites to prevent erythrocytic stages of plasmodium species in human bodies

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Microchemical Journal 2024年 202卷

作者： Peter, X. Thatheyus Kuo, Chih-Yu Malar, P. Govindasamy, Mani Rajaji, Umamaheswari Yusuf, Kareem Thinfilm Photovoltaics Laboratory Department of Physics and Nanotechnology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Tamil Nadu Kattankulathur 603203 India Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Innovative Technology of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City 243303 Taiwan Research Center for Intelligence Medical Devices Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City 243303 Taiwan Centre for Applied Research Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Tamil Nadu Chennai 602105 India Department of Chemistry College of Science King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia

Herein, we report on fabrication of dysprosium-based metal–organic framework (dy-MOF)@multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) composites modified with glassy carbon electrode (dy-MOF@MWCNT/GC) as a working electrode for Antimalarial drug detection. dy-MOF@MWCNT composites was prepared by sonochemical process along with ultrasonication. The composite structure, phase purity, morphology and composition of the composites were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Further, dy@MWCNT composites were deposited on a glassy carbon electrode by drop casting method, and used as an electrode material to efficiently detect Amodiaquine (Add) by electrochemical techniques such as CV and dPV. The as-prepared dy@MWCNT composite material showed the oxidation peak current of Add to be ∼ 60 % higher than other unmodified GC electrodes and showed a low charge transfer resistance (R_ct) of 24 Ω. The dy@MWCNT provided a broad linear range of 0.4 to 20 µM with a limit of detection of 0.377 μM and sensitivity of 1.817 μA.μM⁻¹ for the detection of Add. According to the ph study, the amount of electrons and protons involved in the electrochemical processes of Add was calculated and a plausible mechanism for Add electro-oxidation was proposed. Thus, the prepared sensor exhibited practical usefulness by determining the Add drug in human urine samples. Hence, the results shows that the dy@MWCNT- modified sensor has good electrocatalytic activity for the redox of Add. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Amodiaquine Antimalarial drug Carbon nanomaterials Electrochemical sensor Metal organic framework

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Cell phenotypic transition proceeds through concerted reorganization of gene regulatory network

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Weikang Poe, dante Ni, Ke Xing, Jianhua Department of Computational and Systems Biology University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15232 United States Joint CMU-Pitt Ph.D. Program in Computational Biology University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA15232 United States UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States

phenotype transition takes place in many biological processes such as differentiation, and understanding how a cell reprograms its global gene expression profile is a problem of rate theories. A cell phenotype transition accompanies with switching of expression rates of clusters of genes, analogous to domain flipping in an Ising system. Here through analyzing single cell RNA sequencing data in the framework of transition path theory, we set to study how such a genome-wide expression program switching proceeds in three different cell transition processes. For each process after reconstructing a Markov transition model in the cell state space, we formed an ensemble of shortest paths connecting the initial and final cell states, reconstructed a reaction coordinate describing the transition progression, and inferred the gene regulation network (GRN) along the reaction coordinate. In all three processes we observed common pattern that the frustration of gene regulatory network (GRN), defined as overall confliction between the regulation received by genes and their expression states, first increases then decreases when approaching a new phenotype. The results support a mechanism of concerted silencing of genes that are active in the initial phenotype and activation of genes that are active in the final phenotype. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Ising model

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