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COMPARATIVE STRUCTURAL LIFE ASSESSMENT OF PATROL BOAT BOTTOM PLATING

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第3期102卷 253-262页

作者： AYYUB, BM WHITE, GJ BELLWRIGHT, TF PURCELL, ES Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an associate professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Ayyub has an extensive background in risk-based analysis. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability marine structures and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work has been sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board National Science Foundation U.S. Coast Guard Department of Defense State of Maryland and University of Maryland. He is the author of more than 100 publications in national and international journals conference proceedings and reports. Dr. Ayyub was a recipient of the ASNE “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985 the ASCE “Outstanding Research Oriented Paper” in theJournal of Water Resources Planning and Managementfor 1987 and Edmund Friedman Young Engineer Award for Professional Achievement from ASCE for 1989. Gregory J. White:is an associate professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received his B.S. degreein engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M.E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. in civil engineering (structures) from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 as a junior officer in the engineering and operations departments of Pacific Fleet destroyers. Prior to coming to the Naval Academy he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific code and in the R&D division of Exxon International company's Tanker Department. Dr. White is the author of more than two dozen technical articles and reports and is one of the U.S. representatives to the International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC). His research interests lie in t

The estimation of an absolute life expectancy of a structure is a complex process and the results are expected to have relatively large levels of uncertainty. In this study, a comparative analysis is undertaken between two different patrol boats. This is an approach which results in a higher confidence level because certain factors common to both boats can be eliminated by assuming them to be at constant normal levels. The study is limited to the critical forward bottom plating and takes into account the differences in material, plate dimensions, operational profile, structure and loading of the two vessels. Two failure modes, plastic plate deformation and fatigue, are considered, and a novel approach to plate wastage is included. Many factors affect the structural life of a vessel. They include structural type, operational profile, structural details, loads, inspection and maintenance, design methods, safety factors, corrosion, and environmental factors. There are three types of uncertainty associated with these factors; namely, physical randomness, statistical uncertainties, and model uncertainties. The method described is designed to address these uncertainties. The objective of the paper is to present the reliability-based structural life assessment method, and then to use it to evaluate and compare the structural performance of the forward bottom plating of the two patrol boats. The results of the evaluation are presented in the form of graphs and tables in order to facilitate the comparative evaluation. The method is performed within a computer-based format which allows parametric sensitivity analysis of several variables including the size of the plating panel, thickness, operational profile and loading. The sensitivity of the structural life expectancy of the forward bottom plating to variations in these parameters is evaluated.

关键词： Naval Vessels

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ESTIMATION OF STRUCTURAL SERVICE LIFE OF SHIPS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1989年第3期101卷 156-166页

作者： AYYUB, BM WHITE, GJ PURCELL, ES P.E. Bilal M. Ayyub:is currently an associate professor of civil engineering at the University of Maryland. He received his B.S. degree in civil engineering from the University of Kuwait in 1980. He completed both his M.S. (1981) and Ph.D. (1983) in civil engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Dr. Ayyub has an extensive background in risk-based analysis and design simulation and construction engineering. He is engaged in research work involving structural reliability bridges marine structures and mathematical modeling using the theories of probability statistics and fuzzy sets. His research work is sponsored by the National Transportation Safety Board the National Science Foundation the U.S. Coast Guard the State of Maryland and the University of Maryland. Dr. Ayyub is a member of ASNE the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) the American Concrete Institute (ACI) the Committee on Forensic Engineering of ASCE and the Committee on Structural Safety of ACI. He is the author of more than three dozen publications in national and international journals conference proceedings and reports. Dr. Ayyub received the ASNE “Jimmie” Hamilton Award for 1985 and the ASCE “Outstanding Research Oriented Paper” in the Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management for 1987. Gregory J. White:is an associate professor of naval architecture at the U.S. Naval Academy. He received his B.S. degree in engineering mechanics from Vanderbilt University in 1975 an M.E. degree in naval architecture from the University of California Berkeley in 1981 and a Ph.D. in civil engineering (structures) from the University of Maryland in 1986. Dr. White served on active duty with the U.S. Navy from 1975 to 1979 as a junior officer in the engineering and operations departments of Pacific Fleet destroyers. Prior to coming to the Naval Academy he worked at Mare Island Naval Shipyard in the scientific code and in the R&D division of Exxon International Company's Tanker Department. Dr. White is a lieutenant commande

A methodology for the structural life assessment of a ship's structure is suggested. The methodology is based on probabilistic analysis using reliability concepts and the statistics of extremes. In this approach, the estimation of structural life expectancy is based on selected failure modes. All possible failure modes of the ship must be investigated and the most likely paths to structural failure identified. For the purpose of illustration two failure modes are considered in this study. They are plate plastic deformation and fatigue cracking. Structural life based on these two failure modes is determined for an example vessel. The methodology determines the probability of failure of the ship's structural components according to the identified failure modes as a function of time. The results can be interpreted as the cumulative probability distribution function (CdF) of structural life. due to the unknown level of statistical correlation between failure modes, limits or bounds on the CdF of the structural life are established. The limits correspond to the extreme cases of fully correlated and independent failure modes. The CdFs of structural life are determined for two inspection strategies; namely, inspection every year and inspection every two years with a warranty inspection at the end of the first year. The meaning of the results for the case investigated in this study is that, for example, given an inspection strategy of two years and a desired life of 15 years, there is a 72% chance that the vessel will not experience enough partial damage‘ in the failure modes identified to constitute reaching the “end of structural life” as defined.

关键词： Ships

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THE ROLE OF PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS IN THE LIFE-CYCLE OF A WEAPONS SYSTEM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 239-248页

作者： BAILEY, JL The authoris an operations research analyst in the Systems Engineering Branch Aegis Ship Combat Systems Division at the Naval Surface Weapons Center (NSWC). Dr. Bailey received a B. S. degree in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1964 a Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Tennessee in 1968 and an M. S. in computer science from the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1975. He was an assistant professor of mathematics at the University of Tennessee during the 1968-69 academic year then came to NSWC/Dahlgren in September 1969. He worked as an operations research analyst in mine warfare from 1969 to 1978 specializing in minefield planning. He headed the group which developed the minefield planning module of the Mine Warfare Trainer which was delivered to the Fleet and Mine Warfare Training Center in 1978-79. Dr. Bailey served as science advisor to the commander Mine Warfare Command in 1978-79 under the sponsorship of the Navy Science Assistance Program. In 1979-80 he led the development of military value assessment methodology for a ship survivability improvement program. In 1980 he moved to the Aegis Ship Combat Systems Division becoming leader of the Systems Performance Assessment Group in 1981. Dr. Bailey leads a group of analysts who do assessment of the predicted performance of the Aegis combat system and the effects of proposed changes to the system. Dr. Bailey has also served collateral duty as systems analysis manager for the Technical Division of the Aegis Project Office (PMS-400) in the Naval Sea Systems Command since 1981.

Performance analysis is the process of determining the predicted performance of a weapons system. It is generally used to examine predicted performance of systems in a variety of configurations and operational situations; it is accomplished through a variety of techniques, from the computation of straightforward algebraic functions to complex computer simulations. Performance analysis is necessary throughout the life-cycle of weapons systems. It is used to help determine original requirements, for conceptual and detailed design, and to support operational planning and determine upgrade requirements. The development, maintenance, and consistent application of a set of system specific performance analysis methods have enhanced the development of many weapons systems. This paper is in the form of a tutorial on the application of performance analysis techniques, using the development of the Aegis weapons system as a source of examples, and stressing the value of performance analysis methods which have been designed specifically for the Aegis system.

关键词： MILITARY EQUIPMENT

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MPCS - THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS-CONTROL SYSTEM

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1986年第4期65卷 35-45页

作者： dUNIETZ, IS HSU, JLC MCEACHERN, MT STOCKING, JH SWARTZ, MA TROMBLY, RM The authors Irwin S. Dunietz John L.C. Hsu Michael T. McEachern James H. Stocking Mark A. Swartz andRodney M. Tromblyare responsible for design and development of the Manufacturing Process Control System. Mr. Dunietz joined AT&T in 1980. He is a member of the technical staff in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at AT&T Engineering Research Center Princeton New Jersey. He received an A.B. in mathematics from Cornell University and an M.S.E. in computer science from Princeton University. Mr. Hsu who joined AT&T in 1970 is a department head in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received an M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Missouri. Mr. McEachern joined AT&T in 1962 and is a supervisor in the 5ESS™ Line Unit Manufacturing department at AT&T Technologies in Oklahoma City Oklahoma. He is responsible for the manufacturing process control center in Oklahoma City which provides computerized support for all circuit pack manufacturing. Mr. Stocking who joined AT&T in 1975 is a supervisor in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received a B.S. in chemical engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of California Berkeley. Mr. Swartz joined AT&T in 1980 and is a member of the technical staff in the Manufacturing Information Automation department at the Engineering Research Center. He received an A.B. in computer science from Cornell University and an M.S. in computer science from Rutgers—The State University. Mr. Trombly who joined AT&T in 19 78 is an assistant manager at the AT&T Merrimack Valley Works in Massachusetts. Previously he was a supervisor at the Engineering Research Center. He holds a B.S. in computers and systems engineering and an M.S.E.E. from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

The central challenge of all manufacturing is making products to the right standards and delivering them at the right time. AT&T is upgrading its corporate and factory resource planning systems to improve control of day-to-day manufacturing. The Manufacturing Process Control System (MPCS), developed at the AT&T Engineering Research Center (ERC), provides this support. MPCS connects the shop floor with production scheduling, accounting, product data archive, and engineering support systems.

关键词： PROdUCTION CONTROL

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APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF A GENERALIZEd CLOCKEd SCHEdULE

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1985年第2期64卷 597-615页

作者： FREdERICKS, AA FARRELL, BL dEMAIO, dF Authors are employees of AT&T Bell Laboratories. Albert A. Fredericks: B.S. (Mathematics) 1962 Fairleigh Dickinson University M.S. Ph.D. (Mathematics) 1965 and 1970 respectively Courant Institute New York University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1961—. Brian L. Farrell: B.S. (Mathematics Computer Science) 1978 St. Peter's College M.S. (Operations Research) 1982 Columbia University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1978—. Darlene F. DeMaio: B.A. (Mathematics) 1976 Lycoming College M.S. (Industrial and Applied Mathematics) 1981 Polytechnic Institute of New York AT&T Bell Laboratories 1976—.

Clocked schedules represent an important method of task scheduling for computer systems with real-time applications. In this paper we consider a generalized class of clocked schedule that includes those used in many stored program control switching systems. Key performance measures for this class are discussed, and an analytic approximation method for analyzing certain of these measures is given. This approximation method is most applicable in evaluating long-term delays. (A companion paper by doshi addresses short-term delays for systems with extremely time-critical tasks.) Comparisons are made with exact numerical results (obtained using the method presented in a companion paper by Ackroyd), detailed simulation models, and field data.

关键词： computer SYSTEMS, dIGITAL

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INVERTEd dECISION TABLES ANd THEIR APPLICATION - AUTOMATING THE TRANSLATION OF SPECIFICATIONS TO programs

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AT&T TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1985年第2期64卷 533-558页

作者： LEVY, LS STUMP, HT AT&T Bell Laboratories. Leon S. Levy: B.A. (Physics) 1952 Yeshiva College S.M. (Applied Science) 1955 Harvard M. E. (Applied Mathematics) 1958 Harvard Ph.D. (Computer and Information Science) 1970 University of Pennsylvania AT&T Bell Laboratories 1979—. AT&T Bell Laboratories present affiliation Bell Communications Research Inc. H. Theodore Stump: B.A. (Mathematics) 1967 Franklin and Marshall College M.S. (Applied Mathematics) 1970 Stevens Institute of Technology Bell Laboratories 1967–1976 New Jersey Bell Telephone 1976–1979 Bell Laboratories 1979–1983.

Code generation techniques are used to program an application characterized by complexity arising from many special cases, and rapid changes due to advances in the state of the art. A formal notation—an inverted decision table written in a propositional logic form—is developed as a means for allowing expert users to describe the application in a knowledge base that code generators then can use to create production code. The complete system described in the paper automatically transforms a one thousand-page specification into a running program. The development of this system is an example of the formalization of the specification of a complex application. In this case the application is a part of the Job Management Operations System, an operational support system to aid regional Bell Operating Company construction and engineering processes. The techniques described, however, can be generalized.

关键词： computer SYSTEMS PROGRAMMING

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FIRE MAIN CONTROL

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第6期97卷 35-48页

作者： MALKOFF, dB MOY, MC WILLIAMS, HL Dr. Donald B. Malkoff majored in physics as an undergraduate at Harvard University. He received an M.D. degree from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in 1960. This was followed by an internship and residency in neurology at University Hospital in Ann Arbor Michigan. He spent several years at the National Institutes of Health engaged in gerontology research has practiced and taught clinical neurology and in 1983 received an M.S. degree in computer science at the University of California San Diego. Currently Dr. Malkoff is employed by the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center in San Diego California where he is senior investigator in a human factor/computer display-and-control project involving the DDG-51 gas turbine propulsion unit. He is a member of the American Academy of Neurology the Society for Neuroscience the American Association for Artificial Intelligence and the Association for Computing Machinery. Dr. Malkoff is certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology has taught computer science at UCSD and published in several research areas including magnetoencephalography and electron microscopy. His basic interests are in the areas of artificial intelligence and learning expert systems particularly as they apply to the problems of fault-detection and control. Dr. Melvyn C. Moy received his undergraduate training in mathematics and chemistry at the University of Texas Austin. He studied experimental psychology at the University of Wisconsin Madison receiving his M.S. in 1970 and Ph.D. in 1972. He served as an assistant professor at the University of South Dakota where he taught experimental design and methodology for a year before joining the Navy Personnel Research and Development Center in 1973. His work and research since then spans across many application areas such as the development of manpower planning models for the Navy the design of operational decision aids the human engineering of interactive large-scale war gaming systems and the evaluation o

The ship fire main has undergone considerable development throughout the past 2,000 years, resulting in a system that is critical both for normal ship function and for ship survivability in emergencies. Because of its complexity, the modern firemain system is highly vulnerable to malfunction and to damage during combat. Firemain fault detection and fault recovery are currently conducted manually by damage control teams. The advantages and disadvantages of this method are discussed, and alternative methods of fault detection and recovery are explored. An interactive computer program is introduced which uses central control over remotely situated valves to facilitate fault detection and recovery, significantly reducing recovery-time and manpower requirements. These reductions may result in savings of lives, ship systems, and ships themselves. The computer program is based upon an algorithm which is, in effect, a prescription that can be followed manually by the operator or be completely automated. The color graphic display which is used for monitoring can also be utilized for the training of damage control operators or for the evaluation of other algorithms for firemain control. Alternative firemain hardware and configurations could lead to even more efficient methods of fault detection and recovery as well as improved firemain water supply management in general.

关键词： NAVAL VESSELS

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AIR-CUSHION LANdING CRAFT NAVIGATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 248-260页

作者： GRAHAM, HR KIM, JC BANd, EGU FOWLER, AW Herbert R. Graham:received his degrees of B.S. in 1951 and M.S. in 1958 in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology respectively. He also attended the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He is presently a task manager at TRW Inc. McLean Virginia responsible for landing craft air cushion (LCAC) engineering support. Since joining TRW in 1967 he has had several technical project management and system engineering responsibilities in amphibious ships transportation and energy. He was responsible for the preliminary engineering design and cost estimates for tracked air cushion vehicles (TACVs). He has been active in several professional societies including ASNE and served as vice-chairman Los Angeles Section American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. John C. Kim:received his degrees of B.S. in electrical engineering Tri-State University 1959 M.S. in electrical engineering Michigan State University 1960 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering Michigan State University. He is presently a senior staff engineer with TRW Inc. McLean Virginia where his technical experience has included communications system engineering and navigation system analysis. Since joining TRW in 1969 he has held numerous positions including section head project manager and department manager. His previous employment includes E-Systems/Melpar Division and Honeywell. Dr. Kim has been active in the IEEE Washington Chapter activities which included secretary vice-chairman and chairman of Systems Science and Cybernetics Group. Edward G.U. Band:received a B.S. degree in mechnical engineering in 1946 and a D.I.C in aeronautical engineering in 1947 at the City and Guilds College of London University. In 1951 he received an M.S. degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in fluid dynamics. After a career in the aircraft industry in England Canada and the U.S.A. he spent several years teaching in Chile and at Webb Institute of Naval Archi

Air cushion vehicles (ACVs) have operated successfully on commercial routes for about twenty years. The routes are normally quite short; the craft are equipped with radar and radio navigation aids and maintain continuous contact with their terminals. Navigation of these craft, therefore, does not present any unusual difficulty. The introduction of air cushion vehicles into military service, however, can present a very different picture, especially when external navigation aids are not available and the craft must navigate by dead reckoning. This paper considers the problems involved when navigating a high-speed air cushion vehicle by dead reckoning in conditions of poor visibility. A method is presented to assess the ACV's navigational capability under these circumstances. A figure of merit is used to determine the sensitivity of factors which affect navigation such as the range of visibility, point-to-point distance, speed, turning radius and accuracy of onboard equipment. The method provides simplistic but adequate answers and can be used effectively to compare the-capability and cost of alternative navigation concepts.

关键词： AIR CUSHION VEHICLES

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dATA ABSTRACTION IN C

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AT&T BELL LABORATORIES TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1984年第8期63卷 1701-1732页

作者： STROUSTRUP, B AT&T Bell Laboratories. Bjarne Stroustrup: Cand. Scient. (Mathematics and Computer Science) 1975 University of Aarhus Denmark Ph.D. (Computer Science) 1979 Cambridge University AT&T Bell Laboratories 1979—.

C++ is a superset of the C programming language; it is fully implemented and has been used for nontrivial projects. There are now more than one hundred C++ installations. This paper describes the facilities for data abstraction provided in C++. These include Simula-like classes providing (optional) data hiding, (optional) guaranteed initialization of data structures, (optional) implicit type conversion for user-defined types, and (optional) dynamic typing; mechanisms for overloading function names and operators; and mechanisms for user-controlled memory management. It is shown how a new data type, like complex numbers, can be implemented, and how an “object-based” graphics package can be structured. A program using these data abstraction facilities is at least as efficient as an equivalent program not using them, and the compiler is faster than older C compilers.

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dEBUGGING C-programs WITH THE BLIT

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AT&T BELL LABORATORIES TECHNICAL JOURNAL 1984年第8期63卷 1633-1647页

作者： CARGILL, TA AT&T Bell Laboratories. Thomas A. Cargill: B.S. (Mathematics/Computer Science) 1973 University of Reading England M. Math. 1975 and Ph.D. (Computer Science) 1979 University of Waterloo Ontario AT&T Bell Laboratories 1982—.

The Blit terminal is changing the way we debug C programs. Using multiple virtual terminals on the Blit, a programmer can interact simultaneously with several of the tools needed when debugging. This makes existing tools more useful and influences the design of new tools. In particular, the Blit cleanly separates the programmer's communication with a debugger from communication with the program being debugged. Moreover, joff, a debugger for C programs that run in the Blit, demonstrates the advantage of operating a debugger asynchronously with the subject process and the effectiveness of a source-level user interface based on pop-up menus. The graphics user interface supports “pointer chasing” through arbitrary data structures and graphical display of graphics data objects.

关键词： computerS

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