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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Y. Chen M. Hambdi S. Komarov R. A. Mintzer S. Cho D. Pocci A. Thomas J. Corbeil J. Breuer M. Judenhofer N. Wu J. Frye F. Dehdashti J. A. O’Sullivan R. Laforest S. B. Siegel Y.-C. Tai Imaging Science PhD Program Washington University in St.Louis St. Louis Missouri United States of America Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri United States of America Molecular Imaging Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc Knoxville Tennessee United States of America Department of Chemistry Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri United States of America Department of Biostatistics Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis United States of America Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Missouri St. Louis United States of America

The Augmented Whole-body Scanning via Magnifying PET (AWSM-PET) is a technology designed to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of whole-body (WB) PET/CT imaging for the detection of small lesions. We recently constructed the first prototype AWSM-PET device that consists of two panels of high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) PET detectors (using ~1mm pitched LSO crystals), integrated with the standard readout electronics and event processing architecture of the Siemens Biograph Vision scanner. The system exhibits excellent spatial, energy and timing resolution, with an average coincidence resolving time of ~183 ps FWHM and an average energy resolution of ~11% FWHM at 511 keV. Custom firmware and software have been developed to encode the large number of detector elements and to enable coincidence detection between the AWSM-PET detectors and the Biograph Vision *** tests of the AWSM-PET device show the image resolution of the Biograph Vision scanner is improved from the original >3mm to ~2mm FWHM. A GPU-based list-mode image reconstruction framework has been expanded to incorporate the point-spread function (PSF) of the native scanner and the AWSM-PET detectors to optimize the spatial resolution and improve image *** step-and-shoot and continuous-bed motion imaging protocols are supported for the AWSM-PET operation and are being evaluated for the reconstructed image resolution and the uniformity of the overall system sensitivity across a long axial FOV. Extensive phantom imaging studies are ongoing to evaluate the system's performance. Initial human imaging studies will be presented in the upcoming 2023 Medical Imaging Conference.

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Initial human study of an AWSM-PET Device for Augmented Whole-body PET Imaging

Initial human study of an AWSM-PET Device for Augmented Whol...

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IEEE Symposium on Nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： Y. Chen M. Hamdi S. Komarov A. Thomas R. A. Mintzer S. Cho D. Pocci J. Corbeil J. Breuer M. S. Judenhofer N. Wu L. Cai J. Frye F. Dehdashti J. A. O’Sullivan R. Laforest S. B. Siegel Y.-C. Tai Washington University in St.Louis Imaging Science PhD program St. Louis Missouri United States of America Washington University in St.Louis Radiology St. Louis Missouri United States of America Washington University in St.Louis Chemistry St. Louis Missouri United States of America Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc. Molecular Imaging Knoxville Tennessee United States of America Washington University in St.Louis Public Health Sciences St. Louis Missouri United States of America Washington University in St.Louis Electrical & Systems Engineering St. Louis Missouri United States of America

ISBN: (数字)9798350388152

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388169

The Augmented Whole-body Scanning via Magnifying PET (AWSM-PET) device is a novel technology designed to improve the detectability of lesions in whole-body PET/CT imaging. We have developed a prototype AWSM-PET device that consists of two panels of high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) PET detectors, integrated with the standard readout electronics and event processing architecture of the Biograph Vision (Siemens Healthineers). The system exhibits excellent spatial, energy and timing resolution, with an average coincidence resolving time of $\sim 217$ ps FWHM and an average energy resolution of $\sim 11 \%$ FWHM at 511 keV. Custom firmware and software have been developed to encode the large number of detector elements and to form coincidences between the AWSM-PET detectors and the Biograph Vision scanner. We have pioneered a specialized image reconstruction approach utilizing a GPU-based list-mode framework, which incorporates the system’s point-spread function (PSF) to optimize image quality and spatial resolution. Continuous-bed motion (CBM) whole-body imaging protocols have been implemented for the AWSM-PET operation to improve the uniformity of sensitivity across the patient’s body. Sensitivity enhancement was evaluated using a point source. The first human subject study was a head-andneck cancer patient scheduled for a standard-of-care (SOC) FDG PET/CT scan following treatment. Both the SOC-PET/CT images and the AWSM-PET images were acquired simultaneously for a total of 17 minutes using the CBM mode. Results show high-resolution and high-quality AWSM-PET images. We anticipate to image more patients in the summer, refine AWSM-PET image reconstruction parameters and correction techniques. Comparison between the AWSM-PET and the SOC-PET/CT will be presented at the 2024 IEEE MIC conference.

关键词： Microwave integrated circuits Sensitivity Biographies Energy resolution Whole-body PET Software Timing

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Autonomic Dysfunction in REM Sleep Disorder: The Role of Respiration in HRV Analysis*

Autonomic Dysfunction in REM Sleep Disorder: The Role of Res...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Parisa Sattar Nicla Mandas Giulia Baldazzi Elisa Facchini Elisa Casaglia Michela Figorilli Laura Giorgetti Pietro Mattioli Francesco Calizzano Francesco Fama Dario Arnaldi Monica Puligheddu Danilo Pani Pablo Laguna Raquel Bailon Department of Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience PhD Program University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering MeDSP Lab University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy The Hadron Academy Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori IUSS Pavia Italy Interdepartmental Sleep Disorder Research Center University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy SC Neurology AziendaOspedaliero-Universitaria Cagliari Italy Department of Neuroscience Rehabilitation Ophthalmology Genetics Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) Clinical Neurology University of Genoa Genoa Italy Neurophysiopathology Unit IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy Biomedical Signal Interpretation and Computational Simulation (BSICoS) Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A) IIS Aragón University of Zaragoza Spain Zaragoza Spain Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Bioingeniería Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) Madrid Spain

ISBN: (数字)9798350371499

ISBN: (纸本)9798350371505

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) has been suggested often associated with the isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), with iRBD, and heart rate variability (HRV) is a commonly used tool to assess it. However, the accuracy of HRV is heavily influenced by respiratory rate (RespR), potentially causing misinterpretation of frequency domain HRV indices. This study compares sleep-related ANS function between iRBD patients and a control group (CG) using respiratory-adjusted HRV spectral analysis. It involves 20 iRBD and 20 CG participants in each group, from which five-minute ECG signal epochs during N2, N3, and REM sleep phases are analyzed. RespR were estimated from ECG-derived respiratory signals. Both low and high frequency bands definition for HRV analysis were redefined using the RespR. The results indicate significant differences in HRV parameters between iRBD and CG subjects during REM sleep, highlighting disrupted autonomic regulation in iRBD. This finding is also evident in non-REM phases, thus emphasizing the need to incorporate RespR in HRV analysis, especially in sleep-related studies, for a comprehensive understanding of autonomic dysfunction.

关键词： Phase modulation Frequency-domain analysis Electrocardiography Regulation Rapid eye movement sleep High frequency Heart rate variability engineering in medicine and biology Spectral analysis Parasympathetic nervous system

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Artificial intelligence applications in histopathology

Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering

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Nature Reviews electrical engineering 2024年第2期1卷 93-108页

作者： Cagla Deniz Bahadir Mohamed Omar Luigi Marchionni Benjamin Liechty David J. Pisapia Jacob Rosenthal Mert R. Sabuncu Biomedical Engineering Cornell University and Cornell Tech New York NY USA Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program New York NY USA Radiology Weill Cornell Medicine New York NY USA Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University and Cornell Tech New York NY USA

Histopathology is a vital diagnostic discipline in medicine, fundamental to our understanding, detection, assessment and treatment of conditions such as cancer, dementia and heart disease. Traditionally, the standard workflow in histopathology has primarily relied on the visual interpretation of tissue samples carried out by human experts under a light microscope. Since the 2000s, thanks to advances in scanning technologies such as whole-slide imaging, histopathology is undergoing a digital transformation. The rapid increase in digital data is fuelling the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI) methods. In this Review, we delve into the latest progress in AI methods for histopathology, which promise to yield accurate, scalable, useful and affordable support tools for clinical decision. We examine the challenges and opportunities in this domain, exploring historically important approaches and problems that have shaped the field, while also highlighting recent technological breakthroughs that are poised to redefine its future. Furthermore, we offer an overview of publicly available datasets that have been instrumental in propelling the development of AI methods in histopathology.

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Epigenetic factor competition reshapes the EMT landscape

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Ali Al-Radhawi, M. Tripathi, Shubham Zhang, Yun Sontag, Eduardo D. Levine, Herbert Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Center for Theoretical Biological Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States PhD Program in Systems Synthetic and Physical Biology Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research CambridgeMA02142 United States Department of Bioengineering Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Department of Physics Northeastern University BostonMA02115 United States Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology Harvard Medical School BostonMA02115 United States State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology National Cancer Center National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Peking Union Medical College Beijing100021 China

The emergence of and transitions between distinct phenotypes in isogenic cells can be attributed to the intricate interplay of epigenetic marks, external signals, and gene regulatory elements. These elements include chromatin remodelers, histone modifiers, transcription factors, and regulatory RNAs. Mathematical models known as Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) are an increasingly important tool to unravel the workings of such complex networks. In such models, epigenetic factors are usually proposed to act on the chromatin regions directly involved in the expression of relevant genes. However, it has been well-established that these factors operate globally and compete with each other for targets genome-wide. Therefore, a perturbation of the activity of a regulator can redistribute epigenetic marks across the genome and modulate the levels of competing regulators. In this paper, we propose a conceptual and mathematical modeling framework that incorporates both local and global competition effects between antagonistic epigenetic regulators in addition to local transcription factors, and show the counter-intuitive consequences of such interactions. We apply our approach to recent experimental findings on the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). We show that it can explain the puzzling experimental data as well provide new verifiable predictions. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Transcription factors

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Interactive tools for signal processing education. The signal processing instructional facility (SPIF lab) at Washington State University

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Computer Applications in engineering Education 1993年第6期1卷 517-517页

作者： Bamberger, R.H. Signal Processing Instructional Facility School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Pullman WA 99164-2752 Dr. Roberto H. Bamberger:was born on January 30 1965 in Buenos Aires Argentina. He received his B.E.E and PhD from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1986 and 1990 respectively. Currently Dr. Bamberger is an assistant professor in the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at Washington State University. Dr. Bamberger's research program is focused on the design implementation and application of multidimensional multirate filter banks subband image and video compression analysis of nonstationary data and application of digital signal processing techniques in the design of analog and mixed-mode integrated circuits. Dr. Bamberger is the founder and director of the Signal Processing Instructional Facility (SPIF Lab) at Washington State University. The SPIF Lab features interactive multimedia-based tools for teaching concepts related to linear systems theory. Dr. Bamberger is active in developing multimedia-based instructional laboratories for a variety of other topics as well. In addition to his teaching and research programs Dr. Bamberger is an associate editor for theIEEE Transactions on Signal Processingand a member of the editorial board forComputer Applications in Engineering Education. Dr. Bamberger is also advisor to the WSU Student Branch of the IEEE and assistant director of the WSU Cougar Marching Band. Dr. Bamberger is a member of Phi Eta Sigma Eta Kappa Nu Tau Beta Pi and Kappa Kappa Psi.

The Signal Processing Instructional Facility (SPIF Lab) is an experiment in using in interactive multimedia for teaching concepts related to linear systems theory and signal processing. The goals of the SPIF lab are to augment, enhance, and interconnect sophomore, junior, and senior level courses with the common thread of linear systems and transforms by unifying the experimentation medium. In this fashion, physical phenomenon is returned to the forefront of engineering education. The laboratory features powerful Mathematica Notebooks (a form of hypertext) and interactive applications that use dedicated DSP microprocessors.

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Fixational eye movements enhance the precision of visual information transmitted by the primate retina

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Nature Communications 2024年第1期15卷 7964页

作者： Wu, Eric G. Brackbill, Nora Rhoades, Colleen Kling, Alexandra Gogliettino, Alex R. Shah, Nishal P. Sher, Alexander Litke, Alan M. Simoncelli, Eero P. Chichilnisky, E.J. Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Physics Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Ophthalmology Stanford University Stanford CA United States Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Stanford University 452 Lomita Mall Stanford 94305 CA United States Neurosciences PhD Program Stanford University Stanford CA United States Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA United States Flatiron Institute Simons Foundation New York NY United States Center for Neural Science New York University New York NY United States Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New York NY United States

Fixational eye movements alter the number and timing of spikes transmitted from the retina to the brain, but whether these changes enhance or degrade the retinal signal is unclear. To quantify this, we developed a Bayesian method for reconstructing natural images from the recorded spikes of hundreds of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the macaque retina (male), combining a likelihood model for RGC light responses with the natural image prior implicitly embedded in an artificial neural network optimized for denoising. The method matched or surpassed the performance of previous reconstruction algorithms, and provides an interpretable framework for characterizing the retinal signal. Reconstructions were improved with artificial stimulus jitter that emulated fixational eye movements, even when the eye movement trajectory was assumed to be unknown and had to be inferred from retinal spikes. Reconstructions were degraded by small artificial perturbations of spike times, revealing more precise temporal encoding than suggested by previous studies. Finally, reconstructions were substantially degraded when derived from a model that ignored cell-to-cell interactions, indicating the importance of stimulus-evoked correlations. Thus, fixational eye movements enhance the precision of the retinal representation. © The Author(s) 2024.

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Guest Editorial: Focus on Digital Signal Processing Techniques Applied to Space Communications

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European Transactions on Telecommunications 1993年第1期4卷 9-10页

作者： Gaudenzi, Riccardo De Elia, Carlo Harris, Robert A. Rimrdo De Gaudend was born in Rosignano Mmo Italy in 1960. He received the Doctor En- gineer degree (cum Laude) in Electronic Engineering from the University of Pisa. Italy in 1985. From 1986 he was with the European Space Agency (ESA). Stsliow and Communications Engineering Department. Darmrtadt (RFA) where he was involved in satellite telecommunication ground systems design and testing. In particular he followed the development of two new ESA's satellite tracking systems. In 1988 be joined the ESA's Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC). Noordwijk. The Netherlands where is holding a position as releeommunication enginm in the Electrical System Department. He is presently responsible for the definition and development of advanced satellite communication systems. His mull intenst b ddyrducd with effacnt digital modulation and access techniques for fued and mobile wtdlite services synchronization topics and communication systems simulation techniques. Carlo Elia (S'89) was born in Trepuzzi. Italy in 1964. He received the Doctor Engineer degree in Electronic Engineering from Politecnico di Torino. Torino. Italy. in 1989. He his now attending a Doctorate program at PolitanieO di Torino. S i 1990. he has been with the Eurpean Space Agency (ESA) in the Electrical System Department as Tdeeommunications Syrtcm Engineer. His main areas of interest are related to rdvanccd digital modulation and access techniques and channel equalization. R.A. (Bob) Harris (S'69–M'70) received the PhD from the University of Southampton. England in 1971. In 1970 he joined the European Space Agency (then ESRO). based at the European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC) Noordwijk. The Netherlandswas working on telemetry and telecommand systems. Since 1978 he has been Head of the Transmision Techniques Section in the Directorate of Telecom munications. He was involved in the transmission design of the OTS ECS Olympus and European Data Relay systems. He has worked on a wide range of analogue and digital transmission topics wit

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Elemental Characterization of Ambient Particulate Matter for a Globally Distributed Monitoring Network: Methodology and Implications

ACS ES&T air

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ACS ES&T air 2024年第4期1卷 283-293页

作者： Xuan Liu Jay R Turner Christopher R Oxford Jacob McNeill Brenna Walsh Emmie Le Roy Crystal L Weagle Emily Stone Haihui Zhu Wenyu Liu Zilin Wei Nicole P Hyslop Jason Giacomo Ann M Dillner Abdus Salam Al-Amin Hossen Zubayer Islam Ihab Abboud Clement Akoshile Omar Amador-Muñoz Nguyen Xuan Anh Araya Asfaw Rajasekhar Balasubramanian Rachel Ying-Wen Chang Craig Coburn Sagnik Dey David J Diner Jinlu Dong Tareq Farrah Paterne Gahungu Rebecca M Garland Michel Grutter de la Mora Sina Hasheminassab Juanette John Jhoon Kim Jong Sung Kim Kristy Langerman Pei-Chen Lee Puji Lestari Yang Liu Tesfaye Mamo Mathieu Martins Olga L Mayol-Bracero Mogesh Naidoo Sang Seo Park Yoav Schechner Robyn Schofield Sachchida N Tripathi Eli Windwer Ming-Tsang Wu Qiang Zhang Michael Brauer Yinon Rudich Randall V Martin Department of Energy Environmental & Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri 63130 United States. Air Quality Research Center University of California Davis Davis California 95616 United States. Department of Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh. Air Quality Research Division Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada. Department of Physics University of Ilorin Ilorin 240003 Nigeria. Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City 04510 Mexico. Institute of Geophysics Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi 11307 Vietnam. Institute of Geophysics and Space Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa 1176 Ethiopia. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada. Department of Geography and Environment University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada. Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91109 United States. School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China. Research Laboratories Khalifa University Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates. Institute of Applied Statistics University of Burundi Bujumbura BP1550 Burundi. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West University Potchefstroom 2531 South Africa. Department of Geography Geo-Informatics and Meteorology University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa. Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3

Global ground-level measurements of elements in ambient particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information to understand the distribution of dust and trace elements, assess health impacts, and investigate emission sources. We use X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the elemental composition of PM samples collected from 27 globally distributed sites in the Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) over 2019-2023. Consistent protocols are applied to collect all samples and analyze them at one central laboratory, which facilitates comparison across different sites. Multiple quality assurance measures are performed, including applying reference materials that resemble typical PM samples, acceptance testing, and routine quality control. Method detection limits and uncertainties are estimated. Concentrations of dust and trace element oxides (TEO) are determined from the elemental dataset. In addition to sites in arid regions, a moderately high mean dust concentration (6 μg/m) in PM is also found in Dhaka (Bangladesh) along with a high average TEO level (6 μg/m). High carcinogenic risk (>1 cancer case per 100000 adults) from airborne arsenic is observed in Dhaka (Bangladesh), Kanpur (India), and Hanoi (Vietnam). Industries of informal lead-acid battery and e-waste recycling as well as coal-fired brick kilns likely contribute to the elevated trace element concentrations found in Dhaka.

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BHEL Smart Wall Blowing System: New Product Development in Manufacturing Industry

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Vikalpa 2021年第4期45卷 240 - 249页

作者： Abhishek Kumar R. Dhanuskodi R. Kaliappan K. Nandakumar Abhishek Kumar teaches design philosophies at Anant National University Ahmedabad. He earned his Ph.D in Management from Pondicherry University. He is an Economics graduate from Calcutta University and MBA from BIM Trichy. He has published more than 20 articles in reputed international journals has authored two books written articles and columns for newspapers and is quoted on issues related to leadership and marketing by various media platforms. His research work comprises construction of brand personality scale for media aesthetics and phenomenological design. His recent publications are on philosophy of a photograph hermeneutic reality of product and on philosophy of intimate spaces. R. Dhanuskodi has nearly 40 years of R&D experience at BHEL India in technical areas applicable for thermal power plants. He is a life member of The Institution of Engineers (India) and The Combustion Institute. He has won two BHEL’s Excel awards under the best author category for technical papers. He has visited France Netherlands and Germany under Indo-Europe Clean Coal Development Program. He has guided 42 UG PG and PhD project works. He holds 11 patents 40 copyrights and 2 design registrations. He has presented papers in 20 conferences and published in 10 national and international journals. R. Kaliappan completed his bachelors in electrical and electronics engineering and Masters in Computer Science. He has 36 years of research experience in different fields of power generation and power plant subsystems such as heat transfer studies on boiler circulation efficiency improvements of boiler subsystems product improvements/ enhancements and setting up test facilities for research studies. He has published a number of technical papers on MHD power generation and heat transfer studies in various national and international journals. He has more than 25 patents and copyrights on products development related to power boilers. He has won BHEL’S gold medal for product development for Smart Wall Blowing system. K. Nandakumar

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