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Universal nanocomposite coating with antifouling and redox capabilities for electrochemical affinity biosensing in complex biological fluids

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Nanoscale Horizons 2024年第5期9卷 843-852页

作者： Bharti, Aditya Manu Rakesh Kumar, R.K. Chuang, Cheng-Hsin Shaikh, Muhammad Omar International PhD Program for Science National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Institute of Medical Science and Technology National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei City10617 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Healthcare Research Institutes Miaoli County350 Taiwan National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Sustainability Science and Management Program Tunghai University Taichung407224 Taiwan

Electrochemical affinity biosensors have the potential to facilitate the development of multiplexed point-of-care diagnostics in complex biological fluids. However, their commercial viability has been hindered by challenges such as electrode biofouling and the lack of inherent redox properties. To address this unmet need, we have developed a universal nanocomposite coating which is unique in its ability to not only allow oriented conjugation of the biorecognition element but also specific detection directly in complex biological fluids like serum and urine owing to its built-in antifouling and redox capabilities, thus improving suitability for point of care testing. This multifunctional coating comprises a 3D porous crosslinked bovine serum albumin matrix for oriented conjugation and antifouling properties with embedded graphene nanosheets modified with amino-ferrocene for enhanced conductivity and mediator-free biosensing. The coating showed minimal signal degradation despite prolonged exposure to 1% bovine serum albumin, artificial urine and untreated human serum for up to 30 days. To demonstrate its utility, we fabricated and tested proof-of-concept electrochemical immunosensors for bladder cancer protein biomarkers, specifically interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The practical feasibility was highlighted by the excellent sensitivity and specificity observed for IL-8 and VEGF with a limit of detection of 41 pg mL−1 and 67 pg mL−1, respectively. Consequently, this universal nanocomposite-based electrochemical biosensing platform can be extended to the point of care testing of a broad spectrum of biomarkers present in complex biological fluids, thus enabling reliable and early diagnostics. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry

关键词： Biomarkers

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Herceptin-Positive Breast Cancer Treatment via Immunoliposomes Triggered by High-Frequency Ultrasound and Microbubbles 17

Herceptin-Positive Breast Cancer Treatment via Immunoliposom...

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17th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and engineering, NANOMED 2024

作者： Abuwatfa, Waad H. Anjum, Shabana Pitt, William Husseini, Ghaleb A. American University of Sharjah Material Science and Engineering PhD Program College of Arts and Sciences Sharjah United Arab Emirates American University of Sharjah Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Sharjah United Arab Emirates Brigham Young University Department of Chemical Engineering ProvoUT84604 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516994

Functionalizing chemotherapeutics-loaded liposomes with monoclonal antibodies can enhance their specificity and minimize side effects. Targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), overexpressed in HER2-positive breast cancer, is achievable by coating liposomes with an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. This study focused on synthesizing doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded immunoliposomes functionalized with anti-HER2 (HER-lip). The release of the drug from these immunoliposomes was triggered by high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) and microbubbles, which acted as exogenous cavitation-enhancing agents. The platform was evaluated for size, lipid content, protein concentration, stability, and controlled release profiles. In vitro assessments were also performed, including the MTT assay for cell viability and flow cytometry to evaluate drug uptake. This innovative drug delivery system shows potential for combined therapeutic and diagnostic applications, improving personalized cancer care and treatment. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Monoclonal antibodies

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Clinical Biomarkers to Evaluate Next Generation Inhaled Tobacco Products’ Effect in the Oral Cavity: a Narrative Review

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Current Oral Health Reports 2024年第1期11卷 30-39页

作者： Sarles, S. Emma Hensel, Edward C. Rahman, Irfan Robinson, Risa J. Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Respiratory Technologies Lab Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Environmental Medicine Rahman Lab University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY United States

Purpose of Review: Biomarkers in the oral cavity of users of next generation tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes (EC), provide data about effects on oral and systemic health and help predict long-term health effects, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and periodontal disease. Despite oral cavity health provides, translation of findings to regulatory outcomes around EC is lacking. A review of the current state of the art in use of clinical biomarkers of the oral cavity was conducted. This identified inconsistencies and gaps in tobacco regulatory science to address how to improve clinical studies for screening tobacco products and studying disease. Recent Findings: The review identified that saliva and buccal biopsies provide dependable biomarkers of oral and systemic health when several parameters of health are standardized and considered. Inflammatory cytokines in oral tissue and biofluids of EC users are conflicting due to differences in sample collection and analysis techniques. Salivary C-reactive protein levels provide information about systemic inflammation and risk of cardiovascular disease, but analysis of this biomarker in the oral cavity does not appear in the current literature. The oral microbiome plays a significant role in human health and may be a useful tool to study systemic effects of tobacco products non-invasively, yet inconsistencies in reporting metrics make studies difficult to compare or translate into tangible outcomes. Effects of tobacco product use on hard dental tissue are not widely investigated despite correlations observed between e-cigarette use and broken teeth. Summary: This review provides a comprehensive update on clinical biomarkers in systemic and oral diseases associated with emerging nicotine products. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Biomarkers Electronic cigarette Oral health Tobacco regulatory science Vaping

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OPTIMIZING HYPERPARAMETERS OF RANDOM FOREST MODEL FOR TRAFFIC INCIDENT DETECTION 50

OPTIMIZING HYPERPARAMETERS OF RANDOM FOREST MODEL FOR TRAFFI...

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50th International Conference on Computers and Industrial engineering: Sustainable Digital Transformation, CIE 2023

作者： Elsahly, O. Abdelfatah, A. Alshraideh, H. Engineering Systems Management PhD Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Civil Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Industrial Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9781713886952

Traffic incidents are non-recurring events that disrupt normal traffic flow and can have negative impacts on traffic operations, safety, and economy. As a result, there is a growing need for developing effective and reliable Automatic Incident Detection (AID) systems to detect incidents as early as possible to minimize their impacts. Machine Learning models, such as Neural Networks and Random Forests, have been utilized to develop AID models. However, the performance of machine learning models is significantly determined by its hyperparameters that need to be tuned to improve its performance in detecting incidents accurately and quickly. In this study, incident and normal traffic scenarios were generated using traffic simulator data, which is used to train and test a Random Forest incident detection model. The proposed methodology uses VISSIM microsimulation software to generate a diverse dataset of incident and normal conditions scenarios. Traffic parameters such as flow rate, speed, and occupancy at upstream and downstream stations were used as input variables for the model. The Random Forest model was trained and tested through RapidMiner software with 5-fold cross validation. Model performance was enhanced through the model hyperparameters tunning. An improvement of 0.35% in the F-score and 0.15% in the overall accuracy was achieved compared to the default model parameters. Findings of this study suggest that the tunning of hyperparameters of Random Forest models is crucial for developing accurate AID systems. The proposed methodology and optimized hyperparameter values provided by this study can be used as a guideline for developing Random Forest models for incident detection in transportation systems. Overall, this study contributes to the development of accurate and efficient traffic incident detection systems, which could help to mitigate the negative impacts of traffic incidents and improve transportation operations, safety, and economy. © 2023 Computers an

关键词： Software testing

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Genomic and transcriptomic dissection of Theionarchaea in marine ecosystem

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第6期65卷 1222-1234页

作者： Mingwei Cai Changhai Duan Xinxu Zhang Jie Pan Yang Liu Cuijing Zhang Meng Li Archaeal Biology Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome EngineeringInstitute for Advanced StudyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Theionarchaea is a recently described archaeal class within the *** it is widely distributed in sediment ecosystems,little is known about its metabolic potential and ecological ***,we used metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to characterize 12 theionarchaeal metagenome-assembled genomes,which were further divided into two subgroups,from coastal mangrove sediments of China and seawater columns of the Yap *** analysis revealed that apart from the canonical sulfhydrogenase,Theionarchaea harbor genes encoding heliorhodopsin,group 4[NiFe]-hydrogenase,and flagellin,in which genes for heliorhodopsin and group 4[NiFe]-hydrogenase were transcribed in mangrove ***,the theionarchaeal substrate spectrum may be broader than previously reported as revealed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics,and the potential carbon substrates include detrital proteins,hemicellulose,ethanol,and CO_(2).The genes for organic substrate metabolism(mainly detrital protein and amino acid metabolism genes)have relatively higher transcripts in the top sediment layers in mangrove *** addition,co-occurrence analysis suggested that the degradation of these organic compounds by Theionarchaea might be processed in syntrophy with fermenters(e.g.,Chloroflexi)and ***,these observations expand the current knowledge of the metabolic potential of Theionarchaea,and shed light on the metabolic strategies and roles of these archaea in the marine ecosystems.

关键词： Theionarchaea metagenome metatranscriptome metabolic potentials ecological roles

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Differential Co-expression Network Analysis to Investigate Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer

Differential Co-expression Network Analysis to Investigate S...

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2022 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine, BIBM 2022

作者： Alfano, Caterina Farina, Lorenzo Petti, Manuela Sapienza University of Rome PhD Program in Network Oncology and Precision Medicine Rome Italy Sapienza University of Rome PhD Program in Network Oncology and Precision Medicine Dept. of Computer Control and Management Engineering Rome Italy Sapienza University of Rome Dept. of Computer Control and Management Engineering Rome Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781665468190

Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer in the world, but it has a higher mortality rate in men compared to women. However, we are not close to understanding how and why sex influences the outcome of the disease. This study focuses on mRNA expression profiles of colon cancer patients to look for molecular differences in the development of colon cancer between men and women. We used paired expression data (i.e., data collected in pairs of normal and cancer cells, by taking samples from the same individual), we identified differentially expressed genes (cancer vs normal) and computed co-expression and differential co-expression gene networks (men vs women). Doing so, we inferred the main changes and alterations happening in cancer tissues, and specifically how these changes were different among men and women. We found that the co-expression networks of women and men affected by colon cancer are quite different and we reported the genes that show the most differences in this comparison, checking if they could also be associated to sexual dimorphism or sexual hormones. Among these genes we found a interesting presence of genes associated to the Wnt signaling pathway which has been found to be regulated by estrogen and whose activation is strongly linked with colon cancer. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Diseases

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Free water surface constructed wetlands: review of pollutant removal performance and modeling approaches

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Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2024年第32期31卷 44649-44668页

作者： Gaballah, Mohamed S. Yousefyani, Hooshyar Karami, Mohammadjavad Lammers, Roderick W. School of Engineering and Technology Central Michigan University Mount PleasantMI48859 United States National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Cairo Egypt Earth & amp Ecosystem Science PhD Program Central Michigan University Mount PleasantMI48859 United States Institute for Great Lakes Research Central Michigan University Mount PleasantMI48859 United States

Free water surface constructed wetlands (FWSCWs) for the treatment of various wastewater types have evolved significantly over the last few decades. With an increasing need and interest in FWSCWs applications worldwide due to their cost-effectiveness and other benefits, this paper reviews recent literature on FWSCWs' ability to remove different types of pollutants such as nutrients (i.e., TN, TP, NH4-N), heavy metals (i.e., Fe, Zn, and Ni), antibiotics (i.e., oxytetracycline, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, sulfamethazine, and ofloxacin), and pesticides (i.e., Atrazine, S-Metolachlor, imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin, diuron 3,4-dichloroanilin, Simazine, and Atrazine) that may co-exist in wetland inflow, and discusses approaches for simulating hydraulic and pollutant removal processes. A bibliometric analysis of recent literature reveals that China has the highest number of publications, followed by the USA. The collected data show that FWSCWs can remove an average of 61.6%, 67.8%, 54.7%, and 72.85% of inflowing nutrients, heavy metals, antibiotics, and pesticides, respectively. Optimizing each pollutant removal process requires specific design parameters. Removing heavy metal requires the lowest hydraulic retention time (HRT) (average of 4.78 days), removing pesticides requires the lowest water depth (average of 0.34 m), and nutrient removal requires the largest system size. Vegetation, especially Typha spp. and Phragmites spp., play an important role in FWSCWs' system performance, making significant contributions to the removal process. Various modeling approaches (i.e., black-box and process-based) were comprehensively reviewed, revealing the need for including the internal process mechanisms related to the biological processes along with plants spp., that supported by a further research with field study validations. This work presents a state-of-the-art, systematic, and comparative discussion on the efficiency of FWSCWs in removing different pollutants, main design

关键词： Wetlands

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An expandable chamber for safe brain retraction: new technologies in the field of transcranial endoscopic surgery

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第4期24卷 326-335页

作者： Elena ROCA Anna GOBETTI Giovanna CORNACCHIA Oscar VIVALDI Barbara BUFFOLI Giorgio RAMORINO Head and Neck Department NeurosurgeryIstituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza25124 BresciaItaly Technology for Health PhD Program University of Brescia25124 BresciaItaly Materials Science and Technology at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Metallurgy at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Anatomy and Physiopathology Division Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly

Neurosurgery is a highly specialized field:it often involves surgical manipulation of noble structures and cerebral retraction is frequently necessary to reach deep-seated brain *** are still no reliable methods preventing possible retraction *** objective of this study was to design work chambers well suited for transcranial endoscopic surgery while providing safe retraction of the surrounding brain *** chamber is designed to be inserted close to the intracranial point of interest;once it is best placed it can be *** should guarantee an appreciable workspace similar to that of current neurosurgical *** experimental aspect of this study involved the use of a force sensor to evaluate the pressures exerted on the brain tissue during the retraction *** pterional craniotomy,pressure measurements were made during retraction with the use of a conventional metal spatula with different *** that,although the force values necessary for retraction and exerted on the spatula by the neurosurgeon are the same,the local pressure exerted on the parenchyma at the edge of the spatula at different inclinations varied greatly.A new method of cerebral retraction using a chamber retractor(CR)has been designed to avoid any type of complication due to spatula edge overpressures and to maintain acceptable pressure values exerted on the parenchyma.

关键词： Brain retraction Spatula Brain retractor design Brain retraction injury Retraction complication Transcranial endoscopic surgery

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Performance Evaluation of OSNR Sensitivity in DWDM-ROADM System for Data Center Interconnection

Performance Evaluation of OSNR Sensitivity in DWDM-ROADM Sys...

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IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (ComNetSat)

作者： Nomarhinta Solihah Erna Sri Sugesti School of Electrical Engineering Telkom University Digital Connectivity Servcie Telkom Indonesia Bandung Indonesia PhD Program of Electrical Engineering School of Electrical Engineering Telkom University Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (数字)9798350368086

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368093

The growing demand for handling sensitive data and high-bandwidth applications has made Data Center Interconnection (DCI) very important, as it provides high-bandwidth connectivity to improve efficiency. To address the increasing need for reliable, high-performance data transport, experts are evaluating the performance of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) integrated with Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers (ROADM) system. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the optimal Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) required for DWDM-ROADM system to transmit a 400 $\mathrm{Gb} / \mathrm{s}$ client interface operating at an $800 \mathrm{~Gb} / \mathrm{s}$ line-side rate. System configuration used a channel spacing of 150 GHz at a wavelength of $\mathbf{1 9 3. 1 5 0} \mathbf{~ T H z}$. Furthermore, OSNR performance evaluation was carried out by analyzing noise levels from Variable Optical Attenuator (VOA) and pre-Forward Error Correction (pre-FEC) setting. The results showed that DWDM-ROADM system required OSNR sensitivity value of $\mathbf{2 3. 1 5} \mathbf{d B}$ to ensure reliable $400 \mathrm{~Gb} / \mathrm{s}$ traffic transmission. This value was achieved at pre-FEC bit error rate (BER) of 0.02 and VOA attenuation of 8 dB, while capable of transmitting $400 \mathrm{~Gb} / \mathrm{s}$ of traffic. System performance was more stable at VOA level of 8 dB compared to 6 dB, where the traffic experiences errors at BER $1.63 \times 10^{-11}$. Finally, this study proposed a new test methodology for determining the minimum OSNR required for DWDM-ROADM system to reliably transmit $400 \mathrm{~Gb} / \mathrm{s}$ of traffic.

关键词： Performance evaluation Data centers Sensitivity Bit error rate Optical attenuators Wavelength division multiplexing Optical noise Reliability Monitoring Signal to noise ratio

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Space Division Multiplexing Optical Coherence Tomography for Wide-field Angiographic Imaging of the Human Retina

Space Division Multiplexing Optical Coherence Tomography for...

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2024 Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2024

作者： Adkins, Aaron J. Hao, Senyue Ren, Chao Song, Andrew Zhou, Chao Department of Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO United States Imaging Science PhD Program Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO United States Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO United States

We have constructed a parallelized 4-channel multi-beam optical coherence tomography system capable of achieving high speed and wide field of view angiographic imaging of the retina. © Optica Publishing Group 202... 详细信息

关键词： Optical coherence tomography

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