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Hydrogen sulfide coordinates glucose metabolism switch through destabilizing tetrameric pyruvate kinase M2

Nature Communications 2024年第1期15卷 7463页

作者： Wang, Rong-Hsuan Chen, Pin-Ru Chen, Yue-Ting Chen, Yi-Chang Chu, Yu-Hsin Chien, Chia-Chen Chien, Po-Chen Lo, Shao-Yun Wang, Zhong-Liang Tsou, Min-Chen Chen, Ssu-Yu Chiu, Guang-Shen Chen, Wen-Ling Wu, Yi-Hsuan Wang, Lily Hui-Ching Wang, Wen-Ching Lin, Shu-Yi Kung, Hsing-Jien Wang, Lu-Hai Cheng, Hui-Chun Lin, Kai-Ti Institute of Biotechnology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Medical Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan School of Medicine National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Life Science National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan College of Medical Science and Technology PhD Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Chiese Medicine Research Center and Institute of Integrated Medicine China Medical University Taichung City Taiwan

Most cancer cells reprogram their glucose metabolic pathway from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis for energy production. By reducing enzyme activity of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), cancer cells attain a greater fraction of glycolytic metabolites for macromolecule synthesis needed for rapid proliferation. Here we demonstrate that hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) destabilizes the PKM2 tetramer into monomer/dimer through sulfhydration at cysteines, notably at C326, leading to reduced PKM2 enzyme activity and increased PKM2-mediated transcriptional activation. Blocking PKM2 sulfhydration at C326 through amino acid mutation stabilizes the PKM2 tetramer and crystal structure further revealing the tetramer organization of PKM2-C326S. The PKM2-C326S mutant in cancer cells rewires glucose metabolism to mitochondrial respiration, significantly inhibiting tumor growth. In this work, we demonstrate that PKM2 sulfhydration by H₂S inactivates PKM2 activity to promote tumorigenesis and inhibiting this process could be a potential therapeutic approach for targeting cancer metabolism. © The Author(s) 2024.

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A Novel Sterol from the Formosan Soft Coral Lobophytum Durum

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Hung, Chia-Ling Huang, Li-Chieh Shih, Kun-Yauh Lai, Kuei-Hung Peng, Bo-Rong Hwang, Tsong-Long Li, Chia-Ying Chung, Hsu-Ming Department of Applied Chemistry National Pingtung University Pingtung900391 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Natural Products College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan333323 Taiwan Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology College of Human Ecology Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan333324 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City243303 Taiwan Department of Anesthesiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan333423 Taiwan

Chromatographic investigation on the ethyl acetate extract of the soft coral Lobophytum durum collected from the waters of Guishan Island in northeast Taiwan resulted in the isolation of three sterols 1–3, including one novel sterol, 3β-hydroxy-25-methylene-5-cholesten-7-one (1), and two previously reported sterols, 7-oxogorgosterol (2), and (24S)-ergostane-3β,5α,6β,25-tetraol 25-monoacetate (3). The structures of sterols 1–3 were determined by extensive spectroscopic data analysis and by comparison with those previously reported in the literature. Additionally, the absolute configuration of sterol 3 was identified by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis for the first time in this study. The anti-inflammatory activities of sterols 1–3 were evaluated by examining their inhibitory effects on the generation of superoxide anions and the release of elastase by human neutrophils. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Spectroscopic analysis

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Exponential stabilization for porous elastic system with one boundary dissipation

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Annali dell'Universita di Ferrara 2020年第1期66卷 113-134页

作者： Ramos, A.J.A. Júnior, D. S. Almeida Freitas, M.M. Santos, M. J. Dos Santos, A.R. Faculty of Mathematics Federal University of Pará Raimundo Santana Cruz Street s/n Salinópolis 68721-000 Pa Brazil PhD Program in Mathematics Federal University of Pará Augusto Corrêa Street 01 Belém 66075-110 Pa Brazil Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology Federal University of Pará Manoel de Abre Street s/n Abaetetuba 68440-000 Pa Brazil Faculty of Petroleum Engineering Federal University of Pará Raimundo Santana Cruz Street s/n Salinópolis 68721-000 Pa Brazil

In this paper, we consider the one-dimensional porous elastic system with mixed dissipation term at the point x= 0 acting only on the volumetric fraction of the system. We prove that the operator A associated with the problem is an infinitesimal generator of a C–semigroup of contractions and we prove the exponential stability if an important restriction is imposed on the constitutive coefficients. © 2020, Università degli Studi di Ferrara.

关键词： Asymptotic behavior Boundary feedback Porous-elasticity

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Application of artificial intelligence in endoscopic image analysis for the diagnosis of a gastric cancer pathogen-Helicobacter pylori infection

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Scientific Reports 2023年第1期13卷 1-12页

作者： Lin, Chih-Hsueh Hsu, Ping-I Tseng, Chin-Dar Chao, Pei-Ju Wu, I-Ting Ghose, Supratip Shih, Chih-An Lee, Shen-Hao Ren, Jia-Hong Shie, Chang-Bih Lee, Tsair-Fwu Department of Electronic Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 80778 Taiwan Medical Physics and Informatics Laboratory of Electronic Engineering National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology Kaohsiung 80778 Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine An Nan Hospital China Medical University Tainan Taiwan Department of Education and Research An Nan Hospital China Medical University Tainan Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Antai Medical Care Corporation Antai Tian-Sheng Memorial Hospital Pingtung County Donggan Taiwan Department of Nursing Meiho University Pingtung County Neipu Taiwan Department of Radiation Oncology Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine Linkou Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan School of Dentistry College of Dental Medicine Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 80708 Taiwan

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the principal cause of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. In clinical practice, diagnosis of H. pylori infection by a gastroenterologists’ impression of endoscopic images is inaccurate and cannot be used for the management of gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to develop an artificial intelligence classification system for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection by pre-processing endoscopic images and machine learning methods. Endoscopic images of the gastric body and antrum from 302 patients receiving endoscopy with confirmation of H. pylori status by a rapid urease test at An Nan Hospital were obtained for the derivation and validation of an artificial intelligence classification system. The H. pylori status was interpreted as positive or negative by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Concurrent Spatial and Channel Squeeze and Excitation (scSE) network, combined with different classification models for deep learning of gastric images. The comprehensive assessment for H. pylori status by scSE-CatBoost classification models for both body and antrum images from same patients achieved an accuracy of 0.90, sensitivity of 1.00, specificity of 0.81, positive predictive value of 0.82, negative predicted value of 1.00, and area under the curve of 0.88. The data suggest that an artificial intelligence classification model using scSE-CatBoost deep learning for gastric endoscopic images can distinguish H. pylori status with good performance and is useful for the survey or diagnosis of H. pylori infection in clinical practice. © 2023, Springer Nature Limited.

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Agricultural All-Terrain Vehicle Safety: Hazard Control Methods Using the Haddon Matrix

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Journal of Agromedicine 2021年第4期26卷 420-435页

作者： Farzaneh Khorsandi Paul Ayers Gerene Denning Charles Jennissen Dee Jepsen Melvin Myers Stephen Oesch Michael Pate David J. White a Agricultural Safety and Health Engineering Assistant Specialist in Cooperative Extension Defpartment of Biological and Agricultural Engineering University of California Davis b Professor Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science University of Tennessee Knoxville c Emeritus Research Scientist in Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine d MD Clinical Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine Department of emergency medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine e Associate Professor / State Agricultural Safety Leader Department of Food Agricultural and Biological Engineering agricultural safety and health program The Ohio State University f Associate Professor (Adjunct) Environmental Health Emory University Emory Rollins School of Public Health Atlanta Georgia g Retired highway and motor vehicle safety attorney h Associate Professor Applied Sciences Technology & Education Agricultural Systems Technology and Education program Utah State University i PhD Professor of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences College of Public Health and Human Sciences School of Social and Behavioral Health Sciences and Extension 4-H Youth Development Oregon State University

ABSTRACTABSTRACTAll-terrain vehicle (ATV) crashes are one of the leading causes of death and injury in agriculture across the United States. Use of ATVs is highly prevalent in rural areas and has seen an increase in their application for a variety of agricultural work tasks. Empirical research on the use of these vehicles for agricultural tasks and associated injuries is limited, especially in the United States. Moreover, little is known about the risk factors associated with ATV-related injuries while doing farm work. A comprehensive review was conducted to evaluate the current injury burden of ATV use in agriculture, the need for future research, and possible solutions related to agricultural ATV safety. Potential injury prevention approaches are evaluated based on the hierarchy of control, including elimination or substitution (using side-by-side vehicles instead of ATVs or modifying ATV design), engineering control (operator protection devices), administrative authority (regulations and standards in the United States and around the world), training, and use of personal protective equipment. In addition, vehicle nomenclature, risk factors, and crash mechanisms are reviewed. Recommendations to decrease the likelihood of ATV crashes and injuries are provided.

关键词： Agriculture all-terrain vehicle ATV quad bike safety

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Expanders and right-angled Artin groups

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Flores, Ramón Kahrobaei, Delaram Koberda, Thomas Department of Geometry and Topology University of Seville Spain Department of Computer Science University of York United Kingdom New York University Tandon School of Engineering PhD Program in Computer Science CUNY Graduate Center Department of Mathematics University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States

The purpose of this article is to give a characterization of families of expander graphs via right-angled Artin groups. We prove that a sequence of simplicial graphs {Γi}i∈ forms a family of expander graphs if and only if a certain natural mini-max invariant arising from the cup product in the cohomology rings of the groups {A(Γi)}i∈ agrees with the Cheeger constant of the sequence of graphs, thus allowing us to characterize expander graphs via cohomology. This result is proved in the more general framework of vector space expanders, a novel structure consisting of sequences of vector spaces equipped with vector-space-valued bilinear pairings which satisfy a certain mini-max condition. These objects can be considered to be analogues of expander graphs in the realm of linear algebra, with a dictionary being given by the cup product in cohomology, and in this context represent a different approach to expanders that those developed by Lubotzky-Zelmanov and Bourgain-Yehudayoff. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Vector spaces

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Fixational eye movements enhance the precision of visual information transmitted by the primate retina

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Nature Communications 2024年第1期15卷 7964页

作者： Wu, Eric G. Brackbill, Nora Rhoades, Colleen Kling, Alexandra Gogliettino, Alex R. Shah, Nishal P. Sher, Alexander Litke, Alan M. Simoncelli, Eero P. Chichilnisky, E.J. Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Physics Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford CA United States Department of Ophthalmology Stanford University Stanford CA United States Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory Stanford University 452 Lomita Mall Stanford 94305 CA United States Neurosciences PhD Program Stanford University Stanford CA United States Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA United States Flatiron Institute Simons Foundation New York NY United States Center for Neural Science New York University New York NY United States Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New York NY United States

Fixational eye movements alter the number and timing of spikes transmitted from the retina to the brain, but whether these changes enhance or degrade the retinal signal is unclear. To quantify this, we developed a Bayesian method for reconstructing natural images from the recorded spikes of hundreds of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the macaque retina (male), combining a likelihood model for RGC light responses with the natural image prior implicitly embedded in an artificial neural network optimized for denoising. The method matched or surpassed the performance of previous reconstruction algorithms, and provides an interpretable framework for characterizing the retinal signal. Reconstructions were improved with artificial stimulus jitter that emulated fixational eye movements, even when the eye movement trajectory was assumed to be unknown and had to be inferred from retinal spikes. Reconstructions were degraded by small artificial perturbations of spike times, revealing more precise temporal encoding than suggested by previous studies. Finally, reconstructions were substantially degraded when derived from a model that ignored cell-to-cell interactions, indicating the importance of stimulus-evoked correlations. Thus, fixational eye movements enhance the precision of the retinal representation. © The Author(s) 2024.

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Inventory of old buildings and land subsidence in Semarang Old Colonial City

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期623卷

作者： R S Rukayah A B Sardjono M Abdullah A M A Aziz Architecture and Urban Planning PhD Program Department of Architecture Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Indonesian Literature Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

There have been many researches on the conservation efforts of historical cities. The building inventory stage is the first step in conservation efforts to protect buildings from the past in order to have benefits in the present. This paper provides some data on buildings that undergo land subsidence in historical areas. Semarang Old City is a historical area built by the Colonial government in the 17th century. After nearly 320 years, some of these buildings have been damaged. This research, which focuses on buildings damaged by land subsidence will collect data from 245 existing buildings in 40 ha area. The approach method uses historical buildings, photos of old buildings, and field surveys. Several old buildings have been detected to be decreased in height due to land subsidence. This can be seen by comparing photos of old buildings from the past and the present. The research analysis uses sketches and photoshop to provide information on how much the height is decreased visually. This inventory results will be able to give advice to the government regarding the appropriate conservation actions to take in an area experiencing land subsidence. This research will also help preserve buildings and environment according to current and future needs in order to preserve their cultural meaning.

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Measuring land subsidence of buildings in Semarang Chinatown

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第1期623卷

作者： R S Rukayah A B Sardjono M Abdullah R Yulichandra Architecture and Urban Planning PhD Program Department of Architecture Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia Indonesian Literature Universitas Diponegoro Semarang Indonesia

There are not many studies that discuss land subsidence and try to measure it in historic areas. This paper will take an inventory of historical areas that have existed since the early growth of cities such as Semarang Chinatown, which has existed since the 17th century. This paper is part of the results of research on land subsidence in coastal cities in Java, which have left many historical areas. Semarang City is one of the case studies because it has a high land subsidence rate of around 20 cm/year in the North Semarang area. Indeed, this area in the past was an ocean. However, due to sedimentation, on the old 1700s map, this area has become a marsh. After becoming mainland, several historical areas stood on young alluvial land. The purpose of this paper is to make an inventory of old buildings in the historic area of Chinatown. On the map from 1695 to now, after 305 years, the area has experienced land subsidence, which can be seen visually in several buildings. The research method used old photos, old maps, and field surveys by taking samples of several old residences that still exist. To strengthen the data, the use of Google street view is very helpful in seeing conditions in the field. The recommendation of this research is to provide directions for an inventory of the list of buildings that need to be conserved due to the hazard of subsidence, which is currently not being felt by the local community.

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Active Degradation-Nitrification Microbial Assemblages in the Hypoxic Zone in a Subtropical Estuary

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Lu, Yanhong Cheung, Shunyan Koh, Xiu Pei Xia, Xiaomin Jing, Hongmei Lee, Puiyin Kao, Shuh-Ji Gan, Jianping Dai, Minhan Liu, Hongbin SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong Division of Environment and Sustainability The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China CAS Key Laboratory for Experimental Study under Deep-sea Extreme Conditions Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Sanya China State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science Xiamen University China The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong

In 2017 summer, we observed a widespread bottom hypoxic zone at the lower estuary of the Pearl River estuary (PRE). We observed i) bacterial and AOA biomass accumulation, ii) oxygen consumption rates (respiration and nitrification) in the hypoxic zone. The potential microbial interaction of both oxygen-consuming microbes in the hypoxia remained unclear. To investigate the potential microbial interaction between AOA and heterotrophic bacteria in the hypoxic zone, we used bacterial and AOA communities (inferred from 16S rRNA gene and amoA gene, respectively) and multi-comparisons between the co-occurrence networks retrieved from DNA and RNA levels to reflect the pattern. We observed a highly diverse and active bacterial community in the hypoxia zone. The network topology revealed that Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteriales), Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacterales and Rhodospirillales), Marinimicrobia, Cyanobacteria (Synechococcales), and AOA sublineages were module hubs and connectors, indicating that they were the keystone taxa of the microbial communities. The hub-subnetwork further showed robust co-occurrence between Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes (Flavobacteriales), Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacterales and Rhodospirillales), Marinimicrobia with AOA sublineages, and Nitrospinae (presumably NOB)) reflecting the formation of Degradation-Nitrification microbial assemblage in the hypoxia zone. The subnetworks revealed AOA ecotype-specific modularization and niche partitioning of different AOA sublineages. Interestingly, the recurring co-occurrence of SCM1-like II sublineages with Nitrospinae OTUs formed nitrifiers assemblage in the RNA subnetworks suggested an interaction via nitrite exchange. The Degradation-Nitrification microbial assemblage may contribute substantially to the oxygen consumption in the hypoxia formation in PRE. Our results provide new insight into the nitrifier-associated microbial assemblage that should be further explored in the mar

关键词： Bacteria

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