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Consistent notation for presenting complex optimization models in technical writing

Surveys in Operations Research and Management Science 2016年第1期21卷 1-17页

作者： Teter, Michael D. Newman, Alexandra M. Weiss, Martin Operations Research with Engineering PhD Program Mechanical Engineering Department Colorado School of Mines Golden 80401 CO United States European Commission - DG JRC Institute for Energy and Transport Sustainable Transport Unit Via Enrico Fermi 2749 - TP 441 Ispra I-21010 Italy

With an increase in computational power, and with recent advances in software, practitioners are formulating ever more complicated optimization models, many of which are drawn from interdisciplinary applications and are designed to reflect the details of real-world systems. While such models have proven useful in providing implementable solutions with a verified impact, they are also more cumbersome to document in a clear and concise manner. In this paper, we recommend: (i) conventions for defining sets, parameters, and variables, (ii) ways of presenting the objective and constraints, and (iii) means by which to organize formulations. While other conventions may be perfectly acceptable, we suggest one set of guidelines for graduate students, academics, and practitioners in need of clearly and easily presenting a large, complex optimization model. Self-study and/or the introduction of these principles into an applied, advanced graduate class can remove ambiguity from model formulations and improve the communication between modelers and their intended audience. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.

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Integrated modeling to enhance resilience in sustainable supply chains

Integrated modeling to enhance resilience in sustainable sup...

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IEEE Conference on Automation Science and engineering

作者： Badurdeen, Fazleena Wijekoon, Ken Shuaib, Mohannad Goldsby, Thomas J. Iyengar, Deepak Jawahir, I.S. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 United States Manufacturing Systems Engineering Program University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 United States Mechanical Engineering PhD Program University of Kentcuky Lexington KY 40506 United States Gatton College of Business and Economics University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424454471

The success of organizations operating in complex environments depends on how well its supply chain could adapt to disruptions caused by unanticipated events. Building this resilience requires the capability to identify risks and uncertainties and modeling the impact of them on operations. Both of these have proven to be very difficult to do effectively. With the emerging interest in promoting sustainability companies are now forced to not only consider factors that affect economic performance but also those relating to environmental and societal responsibilities. Thus, increasing resilience in sustainable supply chains (SSCs) calls for a more holistic approach to address risk;it is necessary to consider the risks originating within and outside the company and those affecting all supply chain partners;also, the risks due to and impacting all stakeholder groups must be incorporated. This paper presents a comprehensive review of risks in SSCs and a potential approach to model their impact. © 2010 IEEE.

关键词： Supply chains

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Universal nanocomposite coating with antifouling and redox capabilities for electrochemical affinity biosensing in complex biological fluids

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Nanoscale Horizons 2024年第5期9卷 843-852页

作者： Bharti, Aditya Manu Rakesh Kumar, R.K. Chuang, Cheng-Hsin Shaikh, Muhammad Omar International PhD Program for Science National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Institute of Medical Science and Technology National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei City10617 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Healthcare Research Institutes Miaoli County350 Taiwan National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung80424 Taiwan Sustainability Science and Management Program Tunghai University Taichung407224 Taiwan

Electrochemical affinity biosensors have the potential to facilitate the development of multiplexed point-of-care diagnostics in complex biological fluids. However, their commercial viability has been hindered by challenges such as electrode biofouling and the lack of inherent redox properties. To address this unmet need, we have developed a universal nanocomposite coating which is unique in its ability to not only allow oriented conjugation of the biorecognition element but also specific detection directly in complex biological fluids like serum and urine owing to its built-in antifouling and redox capabilities, thus improving suitability for point of care testing. This multifunctional coating comprises a 3D porous crosslinked bovine serum albumin matrix for oriented conjugation and antifouling properties with embedded graphene nanosheets modified with amino-ferrocene for enhanced conductivity and mediator-free biosensing. The coating showed minimal signal degradation despite prolonged exposure to 1% bovine serum albumin, artificial urine and untreated human serum for up to 30 days. To demonstrate its utility, we fabricated and tested proof-of-concept electrochemical immunosensors for bladder cancer protein biomarkers, specifically interleukin-8 (IL-8) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The practical feasibility was highlighted by the excellent sensitivity and specificity observed for IL-8 and VEGF with a limit of detection of 41 pg mL−1 and 67 pg mL−1, respectively. Consequently, this universal nanocomposite-based electrochemical biosensing platform can be extended to the point of care testing of a broad spectrum of biomarkers present in complex biological fluids, thus enabling reliable and early diagnostics. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry

关键词： Biomarkers

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Herceptin-Positive Breast Cancer Treatment via Immunoliposomes Triggered by High-Frequency Ultrasound and Microbubbles 17

Herceptin-Positive Breast Cancer Treatment via Immunoliposom...

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17th IEEE International Conference on Nano/Molecular Medicine and engineering, NANOMED 2024

作者： Abuwatfa, Waad H. Anjum, Shabana Pitt, William Husseini, Ghaleb A. American University of Sharjah Material Science and Engineering PhD Program College of Arts and Sciences Sharjah United Arab Emirates American University of Sharjah Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Sharjah United Arab Emirates Brigham Young University Department of Chemical Engineering ProvoUT84604 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516994

Functionalizing chemotherapeutics-loaded liposomes with monoclonal antibodies can enhance their specificity and minimize side effects. Targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), overexpressed in HER2-positive breast cancer, is achievable by coating liposomes with an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. This study focused on synthesizing doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded immunoliposomes functionalized with anti-HER2 (HER-lip). The release of the drug from these immunoliposomes was triggered by high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) and microbubbles, which acted as exogenous cavitation-enhancing agents. The platform was evaluated for size, lipid content, protein concentration, stability, and controlled release profiles. In vitro assessments were also performed, including the MTT assay for cell viability and flow cytometry to evaluate drug uptake. This innovative drug delivery system shows potential for combined therapeutic and diagnostic applications, improving personalized cancer care and treatment. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Monoclonal antibodies

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The anatomic determinants of conductive hearing loss secondary to tympanic membrane perforation

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Journal of Otology 2017年第3期12卷 125-131页

作者： David J.Carpenter Debara L.Tucci David M.Kaylie Dennis O.Frank-Ito Division of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Computational Biology & Bioinformatics PhD Program Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham NC USA

Objectives: Recent studies have introduced middle ear volume(MEV) as a novel determinant of perforation-induced conductive hearing loss(CHL) in a mechanism driven by trans-tympanic membrane pressure differences. The primary aims of this preliminary report are to: 1) correlate CHL with perforation size; 2) describe the relationship between CHL and MEV; and 3) compare CHL across a range of cholesteatoma ***: A retrospective pilot study was performed in 31 subjects with audiometry indicative of conductive hearing loss, temporal bone CT scans,and no prior middle ear surgery. Perforation size and MEV were analyzed with respect to CHL in a cohort of 10 perforated ears with no cholesteatoma. CHLs were compared in 3 groups defined by extent of cholesteatoma ***: Ears with large and small perforations showed mean ABG values of 32.0 ± 15.7 dB and 16.0 ± 16.4 dB, respectively. A direct relationship was observed between MEV and CHL for ears with large perforations across all frequencies, whereas this relationship for small perforations was frequency-dependent. Finally, a statistically significant increase in CHL was found across ears with increasing cholesteatoma involvement at 1000 Hz(X^2(2) = 9.786, p = 0.008),2000 Hz(x^2(2) = 8.455, p = 0.015),and 4000 Hz(x^2(2)= 8.253, p = 0.016).Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that greater perforation-induced conductive hearing losses may be associated with larger perforation sizes and cholesteatoma. The correlation between MEV and CHL may require additional study.

关键词： Perforation-induced hearing loss Conductive hearing loss Middle ear volume Three-dimensional volume reconstruction

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Detecting chaotic signals with nonlinear models

Detecting chaotic signals with nonlinear models

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IEEE Workshop on Statistical Signal and Array Processing

作者： A.M. Fraser Q. Cai Systems Science PhD Program and Electrical Engineering Department Portland State University Portland OR USA

Hidden Markov models of chaotic signals have been used in numerical detection experiments. For broadband deterministic chaotic signals masked with noise having identical spectra at an SNR of -15 db, the experiments found flawless receiver operating characteristics. In noisy environments the performance of models trained on noise-free signals can be improved by training on signals contaminated by noise typical of the test environment. Continuous valued scalar outputs at each discrete hidden state are modeled as Gaussians with means that depend autoregressively on previous outputs.< >

关键词： Chaos Signal detection Hidden Markov models Working environment noise Mathematical model Signal to noise ratio Testing Detectors Orbits Frequency

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Clinical Biomarkers to Evaluate Next Generation Inhaled Tobacco Products’ Effect in the Oral Cavity: a Narrative Review

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Current Oral Health Reports 2024年第1期11卷 30-39页

作者： Sarles, S. Emma Hensel, Edward C. Rahman, Irfan Robinson, Risa J. Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Respiratory Technologies Lab Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Environmental Medicine Rahman Lab University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY United States

Purpose of Review: Biomarkers in the oral cavity of users of next generation tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes (EC), provide data about effects on oral and systemic health and help predict long-term health effects, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and periodontal disease. Despite oral cavity health provides, translation of findings to regulatory outcomes around EC is lacking. A review of the current state of the art in use of clinical biomarkers of the oral cavity was conducted. This identified inconsistencies and gaps in tobacco regulatory science to address how to improve clinical studies for screening tobacco products and studying disease. Recent Findings: The review identified that saliva and buccal biopsies provide dependable biomarkers of oral and systemic health when several parameters of health are standardized and considered. Inflammatory cytokines in oral tissue and biofluids of EC users are conflicting due to differences in sample collection and analysis techniques. Salivary C-reactive protein levels provide information about systemic inflammation and risk of cardiovascular disease, but analysis of this biomarker in the oral cavity does not appear in the current literature. The oral microbiome plays a significant role in human health and may be a useful tool to study systemic effects of tobacco products non-invasively, yet inconsistencies in reporting metrics make studies difficult to compare or translate into tangible outcomes. Effects of tobacco product use on hard dental tissue are not widely investigated despite correlations observed between e-cigarette use and broken teeth. Summary: This review provides a comprehensive update on clinical biomarkers in systemic and oral diseases associated with emerging nicotine products. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Biomarkers Electronic cigarette Oral health Tobacco regulatory science Vaping

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Synthesis of zinc ferrite for thermochemical water-splitting

Synthesis of zinc ferrite for thermochemical water-splitting

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2009 AIChE Annual Meeting, 09AIChE

作者： Opoku, Michael Groven, Lori Shende, Rajesh Puszynski, Jan A. Chemical and Biological Engineering Department South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD United States Nanoscience and Nanoengineering PhD Program South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD United States

Two methods have been employed to synthesize zinc ferrite materials using metal precursors (nitrates) and various carbonaceous fuels (sucrose, urea, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) dissolved in de-ionized water. In the first method, preheating of the metal precursor-fuel solution was conducted on a hot plate at 300°C or in a microwave furnace depending on the nature of the precursors. This heating technique provided fast vaporization of water followed by self-ignition of reactants. In the second method, the metal precursor-fuel solution was slowly evaporated at 50°C and later heated in a muffle furnace up to 650°C in air at a rate of 20 °C/min for nitrate decomposition in the presence of a carbonaceous fuel. While the former method resulted in amorphous oxide materials or multiple phases, the latter method led to the formation of a crystalline material in the form of nano-particles consisting mainly of a desired spinel ZnFe2O4 phase. Average crystallite sizes of synthesized ferrites calculated by the Scherrer's equation from X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks were in the range of 14-32nm, which agreed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of doped ferrites revealed that these nanocrystals are in the form of agglomerates. The specific surface area of the doped ferrites was found to be dependent on the synthesis method and a type of fuel used.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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An expandable chamber for safe brain retraction: new technologies in the field of transcranial endoscopic surgery

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第4期24卷 326-335页

作者： Elena ROCA Anna GOBETTI Giovanna CORNACCHIA Oscar VIVALDI Barbara BUFFOLI Giorgio RAMORINO Head and Neck Department NeurosurgeryIstituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza25124 BresciaItaly Technology for Health PhD Program University of Brescia25124 BresciaItaly Materials Science and Technology at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Metallurgy at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Anatomy and Physiopathology Division Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly

Neurosurgery is a highly specialized field:it often involves surgical manipulation of noble structures and cerebral retraction is frequently necessary to reach deep-seated brain *** are still no reliable methods preventing possible retraction *** objective of this study was to design work chambers well suited for transcranial endoscopic surgery while providing safe retraction of the surrounding brain *** chamber is designed to be inserted close to the intracranial point of interest;once it is best placed it can be *** should guarantee an appreciable workspace similar to that of current neurosurgical *** experimental aspect of this study involved the use of a force sensor to evaluate the pressures exerted on the brain tissue during the retraction *** pterional craniotomy,pressure measurements were made during retraction with the use of a conventional metal spatula with different *** that,although the force values necessary for retraction and exerted on the spatula by the neurosurgeon are the same,the local pressure exerted on the parenchyma at the edge of the spatula at different inclinations varied greatly.A new method of cerebral retraction using a chamber retractor(CR)has been designed to avoid any type of complication due to spatula edge overpressures and to maintain acceptable pressure values exerted on the parenchyma.

关键词： Brain retraction Spatula Brain retractor design Brain retraction injury Retraction complication Transcranial endoscopic surgery

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Disagreement in middle ear volume estimation between tympanometry and three-dimensional volume reconstruction in the context of tympanic membrane perforation

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Journal of Otology 2017年第2期12卷 74-79页

作者： David J.Carpenter Debara L.Tucci David M.Kaylie Dennis O.Frank-Ito Division of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA Computational Biology&Bioinformatics PhD Program Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Introduction: Middle ear volume(MEV) is a clinically relevant parameter across middle ear diseases. MEV values between these techniques have never before been tested for agreement in ears with perforated tympanic membranes(TMs).Methods: Middle ears were identified from 36 patients ranging 18-89 years of age with TM perforations who underwent tympanometry and temporal bone computed tomography(CT) between 2005 and 2015. MEVs calculated by both tympanometry and three-dimensional volume reconstruction(3DVR) were analyzed for agreement using Bland Altman plots. The differences between tympanometric and 3DVR MEV values for each given middle ear were characterized across MEV quartiles(1= smallest; 4= largest) and across increasing states of middle ear disease using Kruskale Wallis and Wilcoxon testing with Bonferroni ***: Bland Altman plots demonstrated significant disagreement between MEV measurement techniques. Differences between tympanometric(T) and 3DVR MEV values were significantly greater with increasing average(i.e.(Tt3DVR)/2)) MEV per linear regression(p < 0.0001). Significance was demonstrated between fourth and first average MEV quartiles(p= 0.0024), fourth and second quartiles(p= 0.0024), third and first quartiles(p= 0.0048), and third and second quartiles(p= 0.048). Absolute MEV difference was not significantly different across varying states of middle ear disease(p= 0.44).Conclusion: Statistically and clinically significant disagreement was demonstrated between tympanometric and 3DVR MEV values. Studies that vary in MEV estimation techniques may be expected to demonstrate significantly different results. These preliminary results suggest that clinicians should endeavor to seek further confirmation when interpreting high tympanometric MEV values.

关键词： Middle ear volume Tympanometry Three-dimensional volume reconstruction Tympanic membrane perforation

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