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Space mishap as a stimulus context for thermal conduction exploration in secondary school

Journal of physics: Conference Series 2019年第1期1286卷 012006-012006页

作者： Komáromi, A Physics Education PhD Program of Eötvös University Budapest Hungary

A large body of literature underlines the relevance of personal involvement and in-context assignments in increasing student engagement in physics education at secondary level. The research-based teaching/learning experience offers different kinds of suggestions for physics education on the level of curricular proposals, on the level of feasibility of inquiry-based learning approaches, on the level of strategies and methods for learning environment settings, and on the level of conceptual understanding of students. During the activities, students find a good opportunity to discuss how heat is transferred, both on Earth and in space. Students discover through their own exploration what types of radiation space objects are exposed to in near-Earth orbits. By means of a “flipped classroom” methodology the students analyse radiant heat absorption and reflection. The activity was extended to learn about heat radiation incident on Earth and emitted by Earth. It was interesting to see the reaction of students when they realized that “radiant heat” has a wavelength, and that it is part of the electromagnetic wave spectrum. Tutorials and post-tests were used in order to gauge the students’ understanding of the processes involved, and in particular what their conception of heat is. Students proposed different materials for heat shields used in the experiment, and in this way we touched on the subjects of thermal insulation and heat capacity. This leads us to examine the inner structure of materials, and essentially the link between macro- and micro-world. Discussion of heat absorption is a way to introduce the concept of energy, and consequently the role of macro-micro models in material science processes description. Characteristics and main results of the intervention module will be presented together with data of the monitored learning process.

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From deep learning to mechanistic understanding in neuroscience: The structure of retinal prediction

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Tanaka, Hidenori Nayebi, Aran Maheswaranathan, Niru McIntosh, Lane Baccus, Stephen A. Ganguli, Surya Physics & Informatics Laboratories NTT Research Inc. East Palo AltoCA United States Department of Applied Physics Stanford University StanfordCA United States Neurosciences PhD Program Stanford University StanfordCA United States Department of Neurobiology Stanford University StanfordCA United States Google Brain Google Inc. Mountain ViewCA United States

Recently, deep feedforward neural networks have achieved considerable success in modeling biological sensory processing, in terms of reproducing the input-output map of sensory neurons. However, such models raise profound questions about the very nature of explanation in neuroscience. Are we simply replacing one complex system (a biological circuit) with another (a deep network), without understanding either? Moreover, beyond neural representations, are the deep network's computational mechanisms for generating neural responses the same as those in the brain? Without a systematic approach to extracting and understanding computational mechanisms from deep neural network models, it can be difficult both to assess the degree of utility of deep learning approaches in neuroscience, and to extract experimentally testable hypotheses from deep networks. We develop such a systematic approach by combining dimensionality reduction and modern attribution methods for determining the relative importance of interneurons for specific visual computations. We apply this approach to deep network models of the retina, revealing a conceptual understanding of how the retina acts as a predictive feature extractor that signals deviations from expectations for diverse spatiotemporal stimuli. For each stimulus, our extracted computational mechanisms are consistent with prior scientific literature, and in one case yields a new mechanistic hypothesis. Thus overall, this work not only yields insights into the computational mechanisms underlying the striking predictive capabilities of the retina, but also places the framework of deep networks as neuroscientific models on firmer theoretical foundations, by providing a new roadmap to go beyond comparing neural representations to extracting and understand computational mechanisms. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Corrigendum to “Particle size effect on lower critical field and full penetration field in the SmFeAsO 0.91 F 0.09 superconductor” [Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications, 563 (2019) 16-21]

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Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 2021年 580卷

作者： F.E. Sánchez-Zacate A. Conde-Gallardo PhD. Program on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. CINVESTAV Zacatenco. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco Ciudad de México 07360 México Physics Department. CINVESTAV Zacatenco. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508 Col. San Pedro Zacatenco Ciudad de México 07360 México.

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FC 120MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING TEXTURE ANALYSIS PREDICTS INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS / TUBULAR ATROPHY IN TRANSPLANTED KIDNEYS: A SINGLE CENTER CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

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Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 2021年第SUPPLEMENT_1期36卷

作者： Fontana, Francesco Monelli, Filippo Piccinini, Alessia Besutti, Giulia Trojani, Valeria Ligabue, Guido Alfano, Gaetano Cappelli, Gianni Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena Nephrology and Dialysis Unit Modena Italy University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Clinical and experimental medicine PhD program Italy University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Surgical Medical and Dental department of Morphological Sciences Italy AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia Department of Radiology Italy AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia Medical Physics Deparment Reggio Emilia Italy University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Medicine Surgery Mother-infant and Adult Modena Italy

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Extinction along Sightlines Sampled by the APO Catalog of DIBs

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Research Notes of the AAS 2024年第3期8卷 90-90页

作者： Helena Xing Ailish Sullivan Halis Seuret Cercis Morera-Boado Tina A. Harriott Daniel Majaess Lou Massa Chérif F. Matta Department of Chemistry and Physics Mount Saint Vincent University Halifax Nova Scotia B3M2J6 Canada Tina.Harriott@msvu.ca Daniel.Majaess@msvu.ca Cherif.Matta@msvu.ca Department of Chemistry Autonomous University of Morelos States Cuernavaca Mexico Department of Mathematics and Statistics Mount Saint Vincent University Halifax Nova Scotia B3M2J6 Canada Hunter College & the PhD Program of the Graduate Center City University of New York NY USA Department of Chemistry Saint Mary’s University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H3C3 Canada Département de Chimie Université Laval Québec G1V0A6 Canada Department of Chemistry Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H4J3 Canada

Identification of molecular carriers for diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) may stem in part from the determination of interrelated lines using the Apache Point Observatory Catalog of DIBs. However, Pearson correlations may be impacted by the number of interstellar clouds along the sightlines. The trend of extinction with distance was constrained using Bayestar19 and Gaia DR3, and clouds were identified via step-functions and extended increasing linear progressions may be indicative of traversal through dense spiral arms. Thirteen sightlines are likely observed through more than one cloud. The hypergiants HD168625 and VI Cyg 12 are contaminated by local nebulosity and circumstellar disks. New findings presented here support the reddenings cited within the Apache Point Observatory catalog of DIBs.

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Potential Vibrational Modes Tied to Diffuse Interstellar Bands

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Majaess, Daniel Seuret, Halis Harriott, Tina A. Morera-Boado, Cercis Sullivan, Ailish Massa, Lou Matta, Chérif F. Department of Chemistry and Physics Mount Saint Vincent University HalifaxNSB3M2J6 Canada Centro de Investigaciones Químicas IICBA Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Morelos Cuernavaca62209 Mexico Department of Mathematics and Statistics Mount Saint Vincent University HalifaxNSB3M2J6 Canada IXM-Cátedra Conahcyt Centro de Investigaciones Químicas IICBA Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Morelos Cuernavaca62209 Mexico Hunter College PhD Program of the Graduate Center City University of New York New York United States Department of Chemistry Saint Mary’s University HalifaxNSB3H3C3 Canada Département de Chimie Université Laval QuébecG1V0A6 Canada Department of Chemistry Dalhousie University HalifaxNSB3H4J3 Canada

Potential vibrational modes associated with diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) could be discerned by examining energy differences between correlated DIBs. Consequently, ≈ 103 higher correlated DIB pairs (r − σr ≥ 0.8, ≥ 12 sightlines) were extracted from the Apache Point Observatory DIB catalog, and their energy spacings computed. In this first macro exploratory step, a histogram possibly reveals chemical bond signatures of C≡C, C≡N, S−H, C−O, C=O, Si−H, N−H, C−H (aliphatic), C...C (in-ring), and aromatics (C−H stretch, C...C in-ring, oop C−H bending, and overtones). Continued research is required to (in)validate the histogram approach, mitigate noise, scrutinize maxima, break degeneracies, and converge upon an optimal framework. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Bond strength (chemical)

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Analysis and Model of Cortical Slow Waves Acquired with Optical Techniques

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Celotto, Marco de Luca, Chiara Muratore, Paolo Resta, Francesco Mascaro, Anna Letizia Allegra Pavone, Francesco Saverio de Bonis, Giulia Paolucci, Pier Stanislao Department of Physics "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome00185 Italy LENS University of Florence Florence50019 Italy Istituto di Neuroscienze CNR Pisa56124 Italy Department of Physics University of Florence Florence50019 Italy INFN Rome00185 Italy IIT - Neural Computation Lab CNCS@UniTn Rovereto38068 Italy PhD Program in Behavioural Neuroscience "Sapienza" University of Rome Rome00185 Italy PhD Program in Cognitive Neuroscience SISSA Trieste34136 Italy

Slow waves (SWs) are spatio-temporal patterns of cortical activity that occur both during natural sleep and anesthesia and are preserved across species. Even though electrophysiological recordings have been largely used to characterize brain states, they are limited in the spatial resolution and cannot target specific neuronal population. Recently, large-scale optical imaging techniques coupled with functional indicators overcame these restrictions, and new pipelines of analysis and novel approaches of SWs modelling are needed to extract relevant features of the spatio-temporal dynamics of SWs from these highly spatially resolved data-sets. Here we combined wide-field fluorescence microscopy and a transgenic mouse model expressing a calcium indicator (GCaMP6f) in excitatory neurons to study SW propagation over the meso-scale under ketamine anesthesia. We developed a versatile analysis pipeline to identify and quantify the spatio-temporal propagation of the SWs. Moreover, we designed a computational simulator based on a simple theoretical model, which takes into account the statistics of neuronal activity, the response of fluorescence proteins and the slow waves dynamics. The simulator was capable of synthesizing artificial signals that could reliably reproduce several features of the SWs observed in vivo, thus enabling a calibration tool for the analysis pipeline. Comparison of experimental and simulated data shows the robustness of the analysis tools and its potential to uncover mechanistic insights of the Slow Wave Activity (SWA). Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fluorescence microscopy

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Corrigendum to “Metal ratio and bimetal nanoarchitectonics of ammonia-based fluoride complex induced nickel hydroxide and manganese oxide composites as active materials of an energy storage device” [J. Energy Storage 80 (2024) 110316]

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Journal of Energy Storage 2025年 108卷

作者： Chuan-Chih Hsu You Zher Yu Chung-Hsien Wu Pin-Yan Lee Hung-Ming Chen Sadang Husain Chutima Kongvarhodom Yu-Cheng Hsiao Lu-Yin Lin Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Surgery School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taiwan Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Surgery Taipei Medical University Hospital Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Gingen Technology Co. LTD. Rm. 7 10F. No.189 Sec. 2 Keelung Rd. Xinyi Dist. Taipei 11054 Taiwan Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarmasin 70124 Indonesia Department of Chemical Engineering King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi 126 Pracha-u-thit Toong-kru Bangkok 10140 Thailand Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei 11696 Taiwan International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign Stanford University CA 94305-5428 USA Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan

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Elemental Characterization of Ambient Particulate Matter for a Globally Distributed Monitoring Network: Methodology and Implications

ACS ES&T air

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ACS ES&T air 2024年第4期1卷 283-293页

作者： Xuan Liu Jay R Turner Christopher R Oxford Jacob McNeill Brenna Walsh Emmie Le Roy Crystal L Weagle Emily Stone Haihui Zhu Wenyu Liu Zilin Wei Nicole P Hyslop Jason Giacomo Ann M Dillner Abdus Salam Al-Amin Hossen Zubayer Islam Ihab Abboud Clement Akoshile Omar Amador-Muñoz Nguyen Xuan Anh Araya Asfaw Rajasekhar Balasubramanian Rachel Ying-Wen Chang Craig Coburn Sagnik Dey David J Diner Jinlu Dong Tareq Farrah Paterne Gahungu Rebecca M Garland Michel Grutter de la Mora Sina Hasheminassab Juanette John Jhoon Kim Jong Sung Kim Kristy Langerman Pei-Chen Lee Puji Lestari Yang Liu Tesfaye Mamo Mathieu Martins Olga L Mayol-Bracero Mogesh Naidoo Sang Seo Park Yoav Schechner Robyn Schofield Sachchida N Tripathi Eli Windwer Ming-Tsang Wu Qiang Zhang Michael Brauer Yinon Rudich Randall V Martin Department of Energy Environmental & Chemical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis Missouri 63130 United States. Air Quality Research Center University of California Davis Davis California 95616 United States. Department of Chemistry University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh. Air Quality Research Division Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Ontario M3H 5T4 Canada. Department of Physics University of Ilorin Ilorin 240003 Nigeria. Instituto de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y Cambio Climático Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City 04510 Mexico. Institute of Geophysics Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi 11307 Vietnam. Institute of Geophysics and Space Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa 1176 Ethiopia. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore 117576 Singapore. Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada. Department of Geography and Environment University of Lethbridge Lethbridge Alberta T1K 3M4 Canada. Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi 110016 India. Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91109 United States. School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China. Research Laboratories Khalifa University Abu Dhabi 127788 United Arab Emirates. Institute of Applied Statistics University of Burundi Bujumbura BP1550 Burundi. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Pretoria 0001 South Africa. Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North-West University Potchefstroom 2531 South Africa. Department of Geography Geo-Informatics and Meteorology University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South Africa. Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3

Global ground-level measurements of elements in ambient particulate matter (PM) can provide valuable information to understand the distribution of dust and trace elements, assess health impacts, and investigate emission sources. We use X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the elemental composition of PM samples collected from 27 globally distributed sites in the Surface PARTiculate mAtter Network (SPARTAN) over 2019-2023. Consistent protocols are applied to collect all samples and analyze them at one central laboratory, which facilitates comparison across different sites. Multiple quality assurance measures are performed, including applying reference materials that resemble typical PM samples, acceptance testing, and routine quality control. Method detection limits and uncertainties are estimated. Concentrations of dust and trace element oxides (TEO) are determined from the elemental dataset. In addition to sites in arid regions, a moderately high mean dust concentration (6 μg/m) in PM is also found in Dhaka (Bangladesh) along with a high average TEO level (6 μg/m). High carcinogenic risk (>1 cancer case per 100000 adults) from airborne arsenic is observed in Dhaka (Bangladesh), Kanpur (India), and Hanoi (Vietnam). Industries of informal lead-acid battery and e-waste recycling as well as coal-fired brick kilns likely contribute to the elevated trace element concentrations found in Dhaka.

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Novel Correlations between Diffuse Interstellar Bands and Optical Reddening

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Research Notes of the AAS 2022年第4期6卷 82-82页

作者： Emily R. Smith Fraser M. Smith Tina A. Harriott Daniel Majaess Lou Massa Chérif F. Matta Department of Mathematics and Statistics Mount Saint Vincent University Halifax Nova Scotia B3M2J6 Canada Tina.Harriott@msvu.ca Department of Astronomy and Physics Saint Mary’s University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H3C3 Canada Department of Chemistry and Physics Mount Saint Vincent University Halifax Nova Scotia B3M2J6 Canada Daniel.Majaess@msvu.ca Cherif.Matta@msvu.ca Hunter College & the PhD Program of the Graduate Center City University of New York New York USA Department of Chemistry Saint Mary’s University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H3C3 Canada Département de Chimie Université Laval Québec G1V0A6 Canada Department of Chemistry Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H4J3 Canada

The relatively new and expansive Apache Point Observatory Catalog of Optical Diffuse Interstellar Bands was analyzed to identify novel correlations between diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) and optical reddening E(B − V), with a principal aim being to facilitate future identifications of the host molecular carriers. The following lines exhibit the highest Pearson r correlations in descending order (0.930 ≥ r ≥ 0.885), and are tied to DIBs featuring n ≥ 10 sightlines and possessing equivalent width uncertainties: λ (Å) ≃ 5236.27, 5793.24, 5797.18, 6449.27, 6795.26, 5948.87, 6113.22, 6860.02, 6059.34, 6520.74. Independent observations to confirm the preliminary trends are desirable, and extinction estimates could be subsequently inferred for targets by relying on longer-wavelength (NIR) photometric calibrations linked to a weighted subset of numerous DIBs. Lastly, several DIBs appear unassociated with E(B − V), thereby reaffirming that diverse carriers exist.

关键词： Interstellar reddening Diffuse interstellar bands Interstellar medium Astrochemistry

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