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Neural Correlates of Semantic Interference and Phonological Facilitation in Picture Naming: A Systematic Review and Coordinate-Based Meta-analysis

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NEUROpsychology REVIEW 2025年第1期35卷 35-53页

作者： [Anonymous] PhD Program in Neuroscience School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano-Bicocca Monza Italy Department of Psychology University of Milano-Bicocca Milan Italy Center for Mind/Brain Sciences (CIMeC) Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Center (CeRiN) University of Trento Rovereto Italy

Semantic interference (SI) and phonological facilitation (PF) effects occur when multiple representations are co-activated simultaneously in complex naming paradigms, manipulating the context in which word production is set. Although the behavioral consequences of these psycholinguistic effects are well-known, the involved brain structures are still controversial. This paper aims to provide a systematic review and a coordinate-based meta-analysis of the available functional neuroimaging studies investigating SI and PF in picture naming paradigms. The included studies were fMRI experiments on healthy subjects, employing paradigms in which co-activations of representations were obtained by manipulating the naming context using semantically or phonologically related items. We examined the principal methodological aspects of the included studies, emphasizing the existing commonalities and discrepancies across single investigations. We then performed an exploratory coordinate-based meta-analysis of the reported activation peaks of neural response related to SI and PF. Our results consolidated previous findings regarding the involvement of the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left middle temporal gyrus in SI and brought out the role of bilateral inferior parietal regions in PF.

关键词： Picture naming Semantic interference Phonological facilitation Meta-analysis fMRI

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A controlled trial examining large Language model conformity in psychiatric assessment using the Asch paradigm

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BMC Psychiatry 2025年第1期25卷 1-9页

作者： Shoval, Dorit Hadar Gigi, Karny Haber, Yuval Itzhaki, Amir Asraf, Kfir Piterman, David Elyoseph, Zohar The Center for Psychobiological Research Department of Psychology and Educational Counseling Max Stern Yezreel Valley College Yezreel Valley Israel The Institute for Research and Development The Artificial Third Tel Aviv Israel The PhD Program of Hermeneutics & Cultural Studies Interdisciplinary Unit Bar-Ilan University Ramat Gan Israel Faculty of Education School of Therapy Counseling and Human Development University of Haifa Haifa Israel At time of research: Senior at Hakfar Hayarok High School Ramat HaSharon Israel

Background: Despite significant advances in AI-driven medical diagnostics, the integration of large language models (LLMs) into psychiatric practice presents unique challenges. While LLMs demonstrate high accuracy in controlled settings, their performance in collaborative clinical environments remains unclear. This study examined whether LLMs exhibit conformity behavior under social pressure across different diagnostic certainty levels, with a particular focus on psychiatric assessment. Methods: Using an adapted Asch paradigm, we conducted a controlled trial examining GPT-4o’s performance across three domains representing increasing levels of diagnostic uncertainty: circle similarity judgments (high certainty), brain tumor identification (intermediate certainty), and psychiatric assessment using children’s drawings (high uncertainty). The study employed a 3 × 3 factorial design with three pressure conditions: no pressure, full pressure (five consecutive incorrect peer responses), and partial pressure (mixed correct and incorrect peer responses). We conducted 10 trials per condition combination (90 total observations), using standardized prompts and multiple-choice responses. The binomial test and chi-square analyses assessed performance differences across conditions. Results: Under no pressure, GPT-4o achieved 100% accuracy across all domains. Under full pressure, accuracy declined systematically with increasing diagnostic uncertainty: 50% in circle recognition, 40% in tumor identification, and 0% in psychiatric assessment. Partial pressure showed a similar pattern, with maintained accuracy in basic tasks (80% in circle recognition, 100% in tumor identification) but complete failure in psychiatric assessment (0%). All differences between no pressure and pressure conditions were statistically significant (P <.05), with the most severe effects observed in psychiatric assessment (χ²₁=16.20, P <.001). Conclusions: This study reveals that LLMs exhibit conformity patterns

关键词： Clinical conformity Diagnostic uncertainty Large language models Psychiatric assessment Social influence

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Body and Fitness-related Shame Helps Explain the Association Between Internalized Weight Bias and Orthorexia Symptoms among North American Female Yoga Professionals

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Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics 2025年

作者： Jennifer B Webb Tran Tran Lia Bauert Sophie Pringle UNC Charlotte Health Psychology PhD Program 9201 University City Blvd. Charlotte NC 28223. Electronic address: jennifer.webb@charlotte.edu. UNC Charlotte Health Psychology PhD Program 9201 University City Blvd. Charlotte NC 28223. Electronic address: ttran97@charlotte.edu. UNC Charlotte Health Psychology PhD Program 9201 University City Blvd. Charlotte NC 28223. Electronic address: lbauert@charlotte.edu. UNC Charlotte Health Psychology PhD Program 9201 University City Blvd. Charlotte NC 28223. Electronic address: springl2@charlotte.edu.

BACKGROUND:Recently, emerging population-based evidence has revealed that yoga practitioners are particularly vulnerable to engaging in disordered eating behaviors inclusive of orthorexia symptoms (OS). Although orthorexia tends to be characterized by a hypervigilance over consuming "healthy" or "clean" foods based on quality attributes, its associations with variables related to broader diet culture [e.g., internalized weight bias (IWB) and body- and fitness-related shame, guilt, and hubristic pride] remain under examined. Additionally, previous research has yet to explore the psychological correlates of OS specifically among yoga professionals, who are uniquely positioned to influence their students' and clients' orientations towards eating and embodied well-being. OBJECTIVE:This secondary analysis from the Yoga Teacher and Therapist Lifestyle and Well-Being Study (2019-2020) aimed to investigate the relationships among diet culture-related experiences, specifically IWB and body and fitness-related self-conscious emotions, role-modeling positive body image, and OS among female yoga professionals, as well as to evaluate the indirect effects of IWB via role-modeling positive body image and other diet culture-related experiences on OS. DESIGN:A cross-sectional correlational, secondary analysis was performed to address the research questions. PARTICIPANTS:The study included 406 female yoga professionals living in the US and Canada (37% racial/ethnic minority, 13% sexual minority). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:These included IWB, body and fitness-related self-conscious emotions, role-modeling positive body image, and OS. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED:These included Pearson's correlations and regression models. RESULTS:Nearly 40% of participants consumed an exclusively vegetarian or vegan diet; 25% identified as engaging in "clean eating." Positive associations were observed between IWB and OS, shame, and guilt. Inverse associations were observed between IWB and role-modeling

关键词： body and fitness-related self-conscious emotions diet culture female yoga professionals internalized weight bias orthorexia role-modeling positive body image

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Outcomes of a cluster randomised control trial of Be Real’s BodyKind;A universal body image programme for adolescents in Ireland

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Body Image 2025年 54卷

作者： Ciara Mahon Denise Hamburger Zali Yager Jennifer B. Webb Georgia Brown Amanda Fitzgerald School of Psychology University College Dublin Ireland Be Real USA NFP USA The Embrace Collective Australia Department of Psychological Science Health Psychology PhD Program University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte USA

Body image has a key impact on adolescent mental health. Yet there are few evidence-based interventions for older adolescents (aged 14 + years). This study evaluated the effectiveness of Be Real’s BodyKind, a strengths-focused, gender-inclusive programme, culturally adapted for older adolescents in Ireland, which combines empirically-supported principles of cognitive dissonance, self-compassion, compassion for others, and social activism to support positive body image. Twenty-three second-level schools in Ireland participated in a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. Overall, 1099 students (612 girls, 460 boys, 27 gender minority students) in Transition (4th) Year aged 15–16 years ( M =15.4, SD =.5) were randomly assigned to receive the 4-session intervention delivered by teachers ( n  = 630) or waitlist control ( n  = 469). Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-intervention and 2-month follow-up. Significant improvements in the main outcome of body appreciation ( p  = .03, d =.17) were observed at post-intervention. Girls demonstrated higher levels of body appreciation at post-intervention, and self-compassion at follow-up, but not boys. No significant changes in body satisfaction, psychological wellbeing, body ideal internalisation, compassion for others or social activism were observed. Findings indicate that girls may experience brief gains in body appreciation, but refining the programme and optimising implementation may be warranted to enhance programme impact, particularly in boys.

关键词： Body image School-based Adolescent Compassion-based Intervention

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Saddle pressures distribution at different pedaling intensities in young off-road cyclists: focus on sex

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Annals of Medicine 2025年第1期57卷 2495764页

作者： Vicari, Domenico Savio Salvatore Patti, Antonino Giustino, Valerio Figlioli, Flavia Zangla, Daniele Maksimovic, Nemanja Drid, Patrik Palma, Antonio Bianco, Antonino Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit Department of Psychology Educational Science and Human Movement University of Palermo Palermo Italy Department of Neurosciences Biomedicine and Movement Sciences University of Verona Verona Italy PhD Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences University of Palermo Palermo Italy Faculty of Sport and Physical Education University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia

Background: The pressures on the saddle depend on several factors and can compress specific neurovascular tissues, leading to acute and chronic genital pathologies. Based on the pelvic differences between males and females, the aim of this study was to explore any differences on saddle pressures distribution according to sex. Methods: Twenty young off-road cyclists (10 m, 10 f) were recruited. Each participant was evaluated on own bike installed on a specific bike roller with a magnetic resistance. Firstly, each participant was asked to warm-up for 10 min at a self-selected cadence and intensity. Then, saddle pressures distribution was measured at three different pedaling intensities (100, 140, 180 W) with a pedaling cadence of 90 rpm, using a device equipped with sensors capable of acquiring pressures. Results: A significant difference in the ischial distance was found between males and females (p = 0.007). As pedaling intensity increased, results showed a significant higher pressure in the pubic region (p = 0.004) in males and a significant higher pressure in the posterior region in females (p = 0.034). Post hoc multiple comparisons test revealed a significant increase from 100 to 180 W (p = 0.003) in the pubic region pressure in males, while no significant differences were detected in the posterior region pressure in females. Conclusions: In male off-road cyclists, the pressure in the pubic region is higher with increasing pedaling intensity. Hence, to prevent acute and chronic genital pathologies, it would be advisable to fix the saddle in the best possible way during the bike fitting. © 2025 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Bicycle bike biomechanics cycling cyclists saddle pressures

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Judges’ emotion: an application of the emotion regulation process model

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Psychiatry, psychology and Law 2022年第2期29卷 256-273页

作者： Snider, Katie M. Devereux, Paul G. Miller, Monica K. Interdisciplinary Social Psychology PhD program University of Nevada Reno NV United States Community Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Social Psychology PhD Program University of Nevada Reno NV United States Criminal Justice Department and Interdisciplinary Social Psychology PhD Program University of Nevada Reno NV United States

Courtrooms are often emotionally charged atmospheres where parties have a vested interest in the proceedings and their outcomes. Judges are exposed to a wide range of emotions and stressors in the course of their work. Though the ideal of a dispassionate judge persists, more empirical work is needed to identify how judges regulate their own emotional experience in court. Using Maroney and Gross typology of emotion regulation strategies, this study explored the self-reported use and preference of these strategies among a sample of U.S. judges. Using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, we found that judges reported using a variety of intrinsic (self-directed) and extrinsic (directed toward others) emotion regulation strategies, though judges reported using some strategies such as suppression more frequently than others. We also found that many of the strategies judges described matched a subset of the strategies described by Maroney and Gross supporting their typology. © 2021 The Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, psychology and Law.

关键词： court demeanor emotion emotion regulation emotion work emotional labor judge judicial dispassion law

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Adjunctive pharmacotherapy for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: meta-analytical investigation of efficacy (vol 203, pg 172, 2013)

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BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2013年第5期203卷 392-392页

作者： Choi, K. H. Kee-Hong Choi PhD Department of Psychology Korea University Seoul South Korea Til Wykes PhD Institute of Psychiatry Kings College London UK Matthew M. Kurtz PhD Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience and Behavior Wesleyan University Middletown Connecticut USA

BackgroundA growing number of studies have investigated the efficacy of novel, adjunctive pharmacotherapies for treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia with conflicting *** investigate the comparative efficacy of these agents on cognition and symptoms in schizophrenia, and to identify promising cognitive domains and candidate medications that can be incorporated in treatment trials combined with cognitive remediation to maximise treatment *** total of 26 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies investigating medications targeted at cholinergic, glutamatergic or serotonergic receptor classes and with participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were *** targeted at the cholinergic receptor class produced marginal improvements in verbal learning and memory (d = 0.23, P = 0.06), and donepezil, a specific type of cholinergic agonist, produced a moderate effect (d = 0.58) on spatial learning and memory. Cholinergic and glutamatergic agents produced moderate effect-size improvements on negative symptoms (d = 0.54 and d = 0.62 respectively), and small effect-size improvements on general symptoms (d = 0.46 and d = 0.41 respectively). Serotonergic agents produced small effect-size improvements in positive symptoms (d = 0.33).ConclusionsCholinergic medications produced marginal improvement in verbal learning and memory and moderate improvements on spatial learning and memory, although there was no evidence to support the use of glutamatergic or serotonergic medications as a stand-alone treatment for improving cognitive function. Cholinergic and glutamatergic agents improved negative and general symptoms, whereas serotenergic medications improved positive symptoms.

关键词： Cognitive Decline Schizophrenia Drug Therapy

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ENRICHMENT ROLE-PLAYING AS A STEP IN THE TRAINING OF FAMILY THERAPISTS

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JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 1981年第4期7卷 507-514页

作者： JESSEE, E LABATE, L *Ed Jessee is a PhD candidate Family Studies Program Psychology Department Georgia State University. **Luciano L'Abate PhD is Professor of Psychology and Director Family Studies Program Psychology Department Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia 30303.

Focuses on the training of family therapists, and the benefits provided by an alternative model based on enrichment role-playing. Benefits discussed include: an optimal environment for teaching basic relationship skills; security for the student and clarity of perceptions for the supervisor; and an opportunity to learn family diagnostics. (Author)

关键词： Counseling Techniques Counseling Theories Counselor Role Counselor Training Enrichment Activities Family Counseling Interpersonal Competence Role Playing Therapists Training Methods

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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in main neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第3期18卷 554-555页

作者： Serena Camuso Sonia Canterini Division of Neuroscience Department of PsychologyUniversity La SapienzaRomeItaly PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly

Discovered in pig brains in 1982,the brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)is one of the most studied and characterized neurotrophins in the central nervous *** recent years,BDNF has received considerable attention for its importance in the development and maintenance of normal brain *** is because BDNF plays an important role in crucial functions of the nervous system,such as the survival,differentiation,and maturation of neurons and glial cells as well as the actions of neuroprotection in adverse conditions,such as glutamatergic overstimulation,cerebral ischemia,hypoglycemia,and neurotoxicity(Kowiański et al.,2018).

关键词： stimulation diseases

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Harmonized cognitive performance in an older adult cohort of Vietnamese American immigrants: The VIP study

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Alzheimer's and Dementia 2025年第5期21卷 e70097页

作者： Gavett, Brandon E. Tomaszewski Farias, Sarah Tiet, Quyen Q. Park, Van T. Harvey, Danielle Vuong, Quyen Hinton, Ladson Kanaya, Alka M. Whitmer, Rachel A. Mai, Lauren Meyer, Oanh L. Department of Neurology University of California Davis School of Medicine Sacramento CA United States Clinical Psychology PhD Program California School of Professional Psychology at Alliant International University Emeryville CA United States National Center for PTSD Dissemination and Training Division VA Palo Alto Health Care System Menlo Park CA United States Department of Medicine University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA United States International Children Assistance Network (ICAN) Milpitas CA United States Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center San Francisco CA United States

INTRODUCTION: Vietnamese Americans represent an understudied population with unique risk factors relevant to cognitive aging. The current study sought to model global cognition in the Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging program (VIP) study and harmonize ability estimates with the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) Uniform Data Set. METHODS: Cognitive data from VIP (N = 548) and NACC (N = 15,923) were analyzed using item response theory. Seven common items were assessed for differential item functioning (DIF);items without salient DIF were used to harmonize the cognitive composite score across the two cohorts. RESULTS: Although five of the seven common items showed evidence of DIF, the magnitude of this DIF was negligible, affecting the factor score estimates of only 12 (2.19%) VIP participants by more than one standard error. DISCUSSION: Global cognitive functioning can be estimated in Vietnamese American immigrants with minimal bias and psychometrically matched to one of the largest studies of cognitive aging and dementia worldwide. Highlights: This is the first known study to model cognition in older Vietnamese Americans. Global cognition was harmonized with minimal bias across two diverse cohorts. Differential item functioning was found in five of seven items, but the impact was not salient. Results create new opportunities to study health disparities in an underrepresented group. © 2025 The Author(s). Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.

关键词： aging cognition cultural diversity item response theory neuropsychological tests

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