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High frequency Deep TMS over the bilateral insula is associated with increased degree centrality in the prefrontal cortex of obese subjects: preliminary evidence

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Brain Stimulation 2019年第2期12卷 499-499页

作者： F. Devoto A. Ferrulli L. Zapparoli S. Massarini C. Verga G. Banfi E. Paulesu L. Luzi fMRI Unit IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi Milan Italy Department of Psychology and PhD Program in Neuroscience of the School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano-Bicocca Milan Italy Endocrinology and Metabolism Division IRCCS Policlinico San Donato Milan Italy University Vita e Salute San Raffaele Italy Department of Psychology and NeuroMi - Milan Centre for Neuroscience University of Milano-Bicocca Milan Italy Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health Milan Italy

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Brain-like object recognition with high-performing shallow recurrent ANNs

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Kubilius, Jonas Schrimpf, Martin Kar, Kohitij Rajalingham, Rishi Hong, Ha Majaj, Najib J. Issa, Elias B. Bashivan, Pouya Prescott-Roy, Jonathan Schmidt, Kailyn Nayebi, Aran Bear, Daniel Yamins, Daniel L.K. DiCarlo, James J. McGovern Institute for Brain Research MIT CambridgeMA02139 United States Brain and Cognition KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MIT CambridgeMA02139 United States Center for Brains Minds and Machines MIT CambridgeMA02139 Bay Labs Inc. San FranciscoCA94102 United States Center for Neural Science New York University New YorkNY10003 United States Department of Neuroscience Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Neurosciences PhD Program Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Psychology Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States Department of Computer Science Stanford University StanfordCA94305 United States

Deep convolutional artificial neural networks (ANNs) are the leading class of candidate models of the mechanisms of visual processing in the primate ventral stream. While initially inspired by brain anatomy, over the past years, these ANNs have evolved from a simple eight-layer architecture in AlexNet to extremely deep and branching architectures, demonstrating increasingly better object categorization performance, yet bringing into question how brain-like they still are. In particular, typical deep models from the machine learning community are often hard to map onto the brain's anatomy due to their vast number of layers and missing biologically-important connections, such as recurrence. Here we demonstrate that better anatomical alignment to the brain and high performance on machine learning as well as neuroscience measures do not have to be in contradiction. We developed CORnet-S, a shallow ANN with four anatomically mapped areas and recurrent connectivity, guided by Brain-Score, a new large-scale composite of neural and behavioral benchmarks for quantifying the functional fidelity of models of the primate ventral visual stream. Despite being significantly shallower than most models, CORnet-S is the top model on Brain-Score and outperforms similarly compact models on ImageNet. Moreover, our extensive analyses of CORnet-S circuitry variants reveal that recurrence is the main predictive factor of both Brain-Score and ImageNet top-1 performance. Finally, we report that the temporal evolution of the CORnet-S "IT" neural population resembles the actual monkey IT population dynamics. Taken together, these results establish CORnet-S, a compact, recurrent ANN, as the current best model of the primate ventral visual stream. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Object recognition

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Task-driven convolutional recurrent models of the visual system 18

Task-driven convolutional recurrent models of the visual sys...

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Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Aran Nayebi Daniel Bear Jonas Kubilius Kohitij Kar Surya Ganguli David Sussillo James J. DiCarlo Daniel L. K. Yamins Neurosciences PhD Program Stanford University Stanford CA Department of Psychology Stanford University Stanford CA McGovern Institute for Brain Research MIT Cambridge MA and Brain and Cognition KU Leuven Leuven Belgium McGovern Institute for Brain Research MIT Cambridge MA and Google Brain Google Inc. Mountain View CA Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford CA Google Brain Google Inc. Mountain View CA McGovern Institute for Brain Research MIT Cambridge MA and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences MIT Cambridge MA Department of Psychology Stanford University Stanford CA and Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford CA and Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford CA

Feed-forward convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are currently state-of-the-art for object classification tasks such as ImageNet. Further, they are quantitatively accurate models of temporally-averaged responses of neurons in the primate brain's visual system. However, biological visual systems have two ubiquitous architectural features not shared with typical CNNs: local recurrence within cortical areas, and long-range feedback from downstream areas to upstream areas. Here we explored the role of recurrence in improving classification performance. We found that standard forms of recurrence (vanilla RNNs and LSTMs) do not perform well within deep CNNs on the ImageNet task. In contrast, novel cells that incorporated two structural features, bypassing and gating, were able to boost task accuracy substantially. We extended these design principles in an automated search over thousands of model architectures, which identified novel local recurrent cells and long-range feedback connections useful for object recognition. Moreover, these task-optimized ConvRNNs matched the dynamics of neural activity in the primate visual system better than feedforward networks, suggesting a role for the brain's recurrent connections in performing difficult visual behaviors.

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Glial plasticity after hexahydrobenzene exposure

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第3期11卷 404-405页

作者： Tania Campos-Ordonez Oscar Gonzalez-Perez Laboratory of Neurobiology School of PsychologyUniversity of Colima Medical Sciences PhD Program School of MedicineUniversity of Colima

The organic solvents are not only utilized in industrial processes,but also as drugs of *** fact,solvent consumption represents the fourth option for drug users just after alcohol,tobacco and *** humans,intentional in... 详细信息

关键词： intentional tobacco plasticity utilized volatile alcohol exposure abuse morphological microglia

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Author Correction: Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia across geographically diverse populations

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Nature medicine 2024年第12期30卷 3779页

作者： Sebastian Moguilner Sandra Baez Hernan Hernandez Joaquín Migeot Agustina Legaz Raul Gonzalez-Gomez Francesca R Farina Pavel Prado Jhosmary Cuadros Enzo Tagliazucchi Florencia Altschuler Marcelo Adrián Maito María E Godoy Josephine Cruzat Pedro A Valdes-Sosa Francisco Lopera John Fredy Ochoa-Gómez Alfredis Gonzalez Hernandez Jasmin Bonilla-Santos Rodrigo A Gonzalez-Montealegre Renato Anghinah Luís E d'Almeida Manfrinati Sol Fittipaldi Vicente Medel Daniela Olivares Görsev G Yener Javier Escudero Claudio Babiloni Robert Whelan Bahar Güntekin Harun Yırıkoğulları Hernando Santamaria-Garcia Alberto Fernández Lucas David Huepe Gaetano Di Caterina Marcio Soto-Añari Agustina Birba Agustin Sainz-Ballesteros Carlos Coronel-Oliveros Amanuel Yigezu Eduar Herrera Daniel Abasolo Kerry Kilborn Nicolás Rubido Ruaridh A Clark Ruben Herzog Deniz Yerlikaya Kun Hu Mario A Parra Pablo Reyes Adolfo M García Diana L Matallana José Alberto Avila-Funes Andrea Slachevsky María I Behrens Nilton Custodio Juan F Cardona Pablo Barttfeld Ignacio L Brusco Martín A Bruno Ana L Sosa Ortiz Stefanie D Pina-Escudero Leonel T Takada Elisa Resende Katherine L Possin Maira Okada de Oliveira Alejandro Lopez-Valdes Brian Lawlor Ian H Robertson Kenneth S Kosik Claudia Duran-Aniotz Victor Valcour Jennifer S Yokoyama Bruce Miller Agustin Ibanez Latin American Brain Health Institute Universidad Adolfo Ibañez Santiago de Chile Chile. Cognitive Neuroscience Center Universidad de San Andrés Buenos Aires Argentina. Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA. Universidad de los Andes Bogota Colombia. Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) University of California San Francisco CA USA. Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland. The University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB) Santa Barbara CA USA. Escuela de Fonoaudiología Universidad San Sebastián Santiago de Chile Chile. Grupo de Bioingeniería Decanato de Investigación Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira San Cristóbal Venezuela. Advanced Center for Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María Valparaíso Chile. University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina. The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Sciences Institute University of Electronic Sciences and Technology of China Chengdu China. Technology of China Chengdu China. Cuban Neuroscience Center La Habana Cuba. Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia (GNA) University of Antioquia Medellín Colombia. Department of Psychology Master Program of Clinical Neuropsychology Universidad Surcolombiana Neiva Neiva Colombia. Department of Psychology Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Arauca Colombia. Neurocognition and Psychophysiology Laboratory Universidad Surcolombiana Neiva Colombia. Reference Center of Behavioural Disturbances and Dementia School of Medicine University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil. Traumatic Brain Injury Cognitive Rehabilitation Out-Patient Center University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil. Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience School of Psychology Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Santiago Chile. Neuropsychology and Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory (LANNEC) Physiopathology Program-Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM) Neuroscience and East Neuroscience Dep

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RELATIONS OF SEXUAL FUNCTIONING AND SATISFACTION ON DEPRESSION IN OLDER LESBIAN WOMEN AND GAY MEN

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Innov Aging 2017年第SUPPL 1期1卷 173-173页

作者： S. Spies-Upton C. Escher S. Paulraj C. Cummings L.M. Brown T. Tormala R.G. Gomez PhD Program in Clinical Psychology Palo Alto University Palo Alto California

Depression as well as dissatisfaction with sexual wellbeing is common in older lesbian women and gay men. This study explored the relationship of sexual functioning and satisfaction with depression severity in lesbians and gay men who were ages 55 years and older. As part of a larger study, 32 lesbian women and 44 gay men were given the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire, and questions regarding sexual satisfaction and frequency of current sexual activity. In gay men, depression severity was significantly correlated with sexual functioning (r=-.448, p=.015) but not with general sexual satisfaction (r=-.212, p=.287). When examining specific items of sexual satisfaction, enjoyment, frequency, desire, and thoughts and pleasure of thoughts of sexual activity were significantly negatively correlated with depression severity. As for sexual functioning, only ability and frequency of ejaculation and pleasure in orgasm was negatively correlated with depression severity in gay men. In lesbian women, depression was not significantly correlated with sexual functioning or satisfaction or to specific items of sexual satisfaction and functioning. Results suggest that depression severity was negatively correlated with sexual satisfaction but less so with functioning in gay men. However, no significant relationships were found between sexual functioning and satisfaction with depression in lesbian women. These findings suggest that sexual satisfaction and functioning may play an important role in the emotional wellbeing of older gay men, but not in older lesbian women.

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RELIGION AND DEPRESSION SEVERITY IN OLDER SEXUAL-MINORITY ADULTS

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Innovation in Aging 2017年第SUPPL_1期1卷 121-121页

作者： Escher, C. Ma, F. Spies-Upton, S. Paulraj, S. Cummings, C. Brown, L.M. Tormala, T. Gomez, R.G. PhD Program in Clinical Psychology Palo Alto University Palo Alto California

Older sexual minorities belonging to a religious group may experience poorer psychological wellbeing, as they have historically been discriminated against by religious communities. However, some research suggests that LGBTQ individuals can benefit from religious support. This study examined the relations of outness to religious community and religious activity with depression in 102 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults over the age of 55. As part of a larger study, participants completed the Religion and Spirituality Questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Of those who reported being religious or spiritual (n=87), outness to religious community was significantly correlated with relying on religious teachings for problems, satisfaction with outness to religious community, relying on religious beliefs as a guide, and praying (ps<.05). When examining sexual minority subgroups, correlations indicated that outness to religious community was related to greater involvement in their religion in bisexuals and lesbians, but not in gay men. As for wellbeing and religion, depression severity was negatively correlated to outness to religious community and praying in Lesbians. In Gay men, depression was negatively correlated with belief in god and praying. In contrast, in bisexuals, satisfaction with outness, belief in god, and praying were positively correlated with depression indicating that religion may have a detrimental effect on depression. These findings suggest that some aspects of religion may be beneficial to the wellbeing of older sexual minorities, but the benefits may vary across sexual minority groups.

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THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN CAREGIVER BURDEN AND DEPRESSION FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF DEMENTIA PATIENTS

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Innovation in Aging 2017年第SUPPL_1期1卷 139-139页

作者： Shin, S. Huddleson, M. Brown, L.M. Tormala, T. Gomez, R.G. PhD Program in Clinical Psychology Palo Alto University Palo Alto California

Family members who care for people with dementia may develop both negative and positive coping strategies due to caregiver burden that can influence mood (Raggi et al., 2015). This study examined ethnic differences in how religion as a coping strategy was related to caregiver burden and depression. From a larger study, 101 Latino, 214 African American, and 321 Caucasian caregivers were administered the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Burden Interview, and Religiosity and Spiritual Coping Questionnaire. Multiple regressions found significant interactions between ethnicity and positive religious coping on caregiver depression and burden. Correlational analyses by ethnicity indicated that positive religious coping was related to lower caregiver burden and depression for Caucasians and African Americans, but not Latinos. In particular, African Americans who participated more in religious activities and used religion as positive coping reported less caregiver burden and depression. Furthermore, African Americans who used more negative religious coping endorsed more burden and depression. Similarly for Caucasians, the more they participated in religious activities and used religion to positively cope, the less depressed and burdened they felt. Negative religious coping also was related to greater depression in Caucasians. For Latinos, only religious negative coping was related to greater caregiver burden. These findings suggest that religion can have both positive and negative impacts on caregiver burden and depression, but these religious influences appear greater for Caucasians and African Americans, and less so for Latinos.

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ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN POSITIVE ASPECTS OF CAREGIVING IN DEMENTIA CAREGIVER DEPRESSION AND BURDEN

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Innovation in Aging 2017年第SUPPL_1期1卷 139-139页

作者： Gonzalez Catalan, M. Ma, F. Huddleson, M. Harley, A. Paulraj, S. Brown, L.M. Tormala, T. Gomez, R.G. PhD Program in Clinical Psychology Palo Alto University Palo Alto California

Previous literature shows the relation between resources available for caregivers and the number of stressors with higher levels of caregiver burden and depression in caregivers, being mediated or moderated by ethnicity (e.g., Pearlin, Mullan, Semple, & Skamp; Skaff, 1990; Pinquart & Sörensen, 2005). Moreover, positive aspects of caregiving, such as learning new skills and getting more meaning to life are associated with better mental health outcomes in caregivers (Kramer, 1997; Lin, Fee, & Wu, 2012). The present study examined ethnic difference in the relationships between positive aspects of caregiving, and caregiver depression and burden. This study sample included 643 elderly caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s Disease, including 321 Caucasians, 101 Latinos, and 214 African Americans. Two-tailed Pearson correlations indicated that positive aspects of caregiving were negatively associated with depression severity for all 3 ethnic groups (r=-.204, p=.041 for Latinos; r=-.233, p=.001 for African Americans; r=-.273, p<.001 for Caucasians). However, the relationship between positive aspects and caregiver burden was less strong for Latinos (r=-.262, p=.008) compared with African Americans (r=-.408, p<.001) and Caucasians (r=-.409, p<.001). Additionally, fewer positive aspect items (e.g., feeling needed and feeling appreciated) were correlated with depression and burden in Latinos compared to the other two ethnic groups. These results suggest that mental health professionals working with caregivers of dementia should consider ethnic differences when including the positive aspects of caregiving as a way to reduce caregiver depression and burden that ethnic minorities may encounter.

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EDITORIAL

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Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 2017年第2期27卷 262 - 263页

作者： Susan Colmar Associate Professor Susan Colmar PhD | Program Director for School Counselling/School Psychology Sydney School of Education and Social Work THE UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY Room 805 Education Building A35 | The University of Sydney | NSW | 2006 T +61 2 9351 6265 | F +61 2 9351 2606 E | W

I am pleased to introduce a paper for our Applied Practices’ section of the journal, which is entitled Working Memory Interventions with Children: Classrooms or Computers? As one of the authors of this paper, with my colleague Kit Double, I can confirm that its scope is to examine what types of interventions for working memory in children currently exist, their relative efficacy in impacting working memory itself, as well as academic achievement, self concept and classroom engagement. Importantly, we explore the relative paucity of effective interventions, despite current rhetoric about the importance of working memory as a key part of executive functions. The role of attention factors, which are critical to working memory being used appropriately, is also examined. I recommend this paper to you all to challenge your preconceptions and to realistically evaluate what you can and should consider when advising about working memory as part of your practice.

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