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Functional Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling in Autism

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY 2022年第8期92卷 626-642页

作者： Horien, Corey Floris, Dorothea L. Greene, Abigail S. Noble, Stephanie Rolison, Max Tejavibulya, Link O'Connor, David McPartland, James C. Scheinost, Dustin Chawarska, Katarzyna Lake, Evelyn M. R. Constable, R. Todd [a]Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut [b]MD-PhD Program Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut [c]Department of Pediatrics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut [d]Department of Neurosurgery Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut [e]Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut [f]Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut [g]Department of Psychology Yale University New Haven Connecticut [h]Department of Statistics and Data Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut [i]Yale Child Study Center New Haven Connecticut [j]Methods of Plasticity Research Department of Psychology University of Zürich Zurich Switzerland [k]Donders Center for Brain Cognition and Behavior Radboud University Nijmegen Nijmegen The Netherlands

Autism is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition, and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based studies have helped advance our understanding of its effects on brain network activity. We review how predictive modeling, using measures of functional connectivity and symptoms, has helped reveal key insights into this condition. We discuss how different prediction frameworks can further our understanding of the brain-based features that underlie complex autism symptomatology and consider how predictive models may be used in clinical settings. Throughout, we highlight aspects of study interpretation, such as data decay and sampling biases, that require consideration within the context of this condition. We close by suggesting exciting future directions for predictive modeling in autism.

关键词： Clinical translation Development Fingerprinting Individual differences Machine learning Resting-state fMRI

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Depression, emotional and social aspects in the abortion context: a comparison between two Brazilian capitals

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Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira (English Edition) 2011年第6期57卷 630-636页

作者： Roseli Mieko Yamamoto Nomura Gláucia Rosana Guerra Benute George Dantas de Azevedo Elza Maria do Socorro Dutra Cristina Gigliotti Borsari Melina Séfora Souza Rebouças Mara Cristina Souza de Lucia Marcelo Zugaib Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP) São Paulo SP Brazil PhD in Sciences Psychologist Division of Psychology Instituto Central Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP São Paulo SP Brazil PhD in Medical Sciences Main Area: Ob/Gyn Professor of the Department of Morphology and Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) Natal RN Brazil PhD in Clinical Psychology Professor of the Department of Psychology Centro de Ciências Humanas Letras e Artes UFRN Natal RN Brazil Psychologist Student of the Postgraduate Program Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology FMUSP São Paulo SP Brazil MSc in Psychology Professor at the Department of Psychology Centro de Ciências Humanas Letras e Artes UFRN Natal RN Brazil Director of the Psychology Division Instituto Central Hospital das Clínicas FMUSP São Paulo SP Brazil Full Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology FMUSP São Paulo SP Brazil

Objective To assess emotional and social aspects in the experience of abortion and the diagnosis of major depression, comparing women from two Brazilian cities (São Paulo – SP, Natal – RN). Methods A transversal study was carried out from January 2009 to May 2010, through semi-directed interviews with women undergoing an abortion (up to 22 weeks gestation) treated at university hospitals in São Paulo – SP (n = 166) and Natal – RN (n = 150). The Portuguese version of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) instrument was applied for the diagnosis of depression. Results There was no significant difference (p = 0.223) in the proportion of induced abortions when comparing the two capital cities: Natal (7.3%) and São Paulo (12.0%). The diagnosis of depression was high among women undergoing an abortion and was significantly higher in Natal than in São Paulo (50.7% vs. 32.5%, p < 0.01). Regarding emotional aspects, there was no difference in the occurrence of guilt feelings (Natal 27.7%; São Paulo 23.3%; p = 0.447). The partner's involvement was considered satisfactory by women in similar proportions in the two capitals (Natal 62.0%; São Paulo 59.0%, p = 0.576). No difference was found in the proportion of women who reported violence, related or not to the abortion (Natal 22.9%; São Paulo 16.6%; p = 0.378). Conclusion Although there was no difference between the emotional and social aspects in the comparison between the two capitals, there was a high proportion of women with major depression, more frequent in the city of Natal than in São Paulo, which demonstrates the importance of psychosocial support in the women's healthcare system.

关键词： Abortion, induced abortion, spontaneous depression mental health

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Depressive symptoms among medical intern students in a Brazilian public university

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Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira (English Edition) 2012年第1期58卷 53-59页

作者： Edméa Fontes de Oliva Costa Ygo Santos Santana Ana Teresa Rodrigues de Abreu Santos Luiz Antonio Nogueira Martins Enaldo Vieira de Melo Tarcísio Matos de Andrade PhD Student Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Adjunct Professor of Psychiatry Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS) Aracaju SE Brazil Graduated in Medicine UFS Aracaju SE Brazil MSc Student Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences UFBA Medical Graduation Program Instructor in Pediatrics UFBA Salvador BA Brazil PhD Associate Professor Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Consultant at Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil MSc in Medicine Assistant Professor Department of Medicine UFS Aracaju SE Brazil PhD in Medicine and Health Sciences Associate Professor Medical School UFBA Medical Psychology Professor Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences UFBA Salvador BA Brazil

Objective To estimate, among Medical School intern students, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their severity, as well as associated factors. Methods Cross-sectional study in May 2008, with a representative sample of Medical intern students (n = 84) from Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a structured questionnaire containing information on sociodemographic variables, teaching-learning process, and personal aspects were used. The exploratory data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Finally, the analysis of multiple variables by logistic regression and the calculation of simple and adjusted ORs with their respective 95% confidence intervals were performed. Results The general prevalence was 40.5%, with 1.2% (95% CI: 0.0–6.5) of severe depressive symptoms; 4.8% (95% CI: 1.3–11.7) of moderate depressive symptoms; and 34.5% (95% CI: 24.5–45.7) of mild depressive symptoms. The logistic regression revealed the variables with a major impact associated with the emergence of depressive symptoms: thoughts of dropping out (OR 6.24; p = 0.002); emotional stress (OR 7.43; p = 0.0004); and average academic performance (OR 4.74; p = 0.0001). Conclusion The high prevalence of depressive symptoms in the study population was associated with variables related to the teaching-learning process and personal aspects, suggesting immediate preemptive measures regarding medical school graduation and student care are required.

关键词： Depression mental disorders medical students mental health medical education

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GRIEF AND THE TRAUMATICALLY HEAD‐INJURED ADULT

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Rehabilitation Nursing 1984年第1期9卷 23-27页

作者： Sachs, Paul R. Paul R. Sachs PhD works in the psychology department of Bryn Mawr Rehabilitation Hospital in Malvern PA and is program director of the hospital's transitional living unit.

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Risky Behaviors in Yellowstone National Park: The Potential Role of Decision-Making and Justice on Visitors' Behavior

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Human Dimensions of Wildlife 2013年第3期18卷 181-193页

作者： Lalasz, Camille B. Interdisciplinary PhD Program in Social Psychology University of Nevada Department of Sociology Reno NV 89557 Mail Stop 300 1664 N. Virginia Street United States

The National Park Service is entrusted with the difficult task of providing visitor access to popular public lands while ensuring visitor safety. Despite park managers' best efforts to keep the public safe, visitors often ignore educational messages and well-publicized regulations and engage in behaviors that are inherently risky. As a result, visitors to National Parks are injured and killed every year. A theoretical application of the concepts and findings from the fields of decision-making (i.e., theory of reasoned action) and social justice (i.e., relative deprivation, procedural justice) are used to account for why visitors to Yellowstone National Park, one of the most famous parks in the federal system, often engage in behaviors (e.g., approaching wildlife, coming in contact with thermal features) that put their lives at risk. Implications for managers of Yellowstone National Park and other protected natural areas are discussed. © 2013 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： approaching wildlife human-wildlife interaction national park risk behavior

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DEVELOPING REMEDIAL HYPOTHESES FROM ABILITY PROFILES

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JOURNAL OF LEARNING DISABILITIES 1979年第8期12卷 557-561页

作者： WALLBROWN, FH VANCE, H BLAHA, J Fred Wallbrown received his BS and MED degrees from Ohio University in Athens Ohio. His PhD is in school psychology from Ohio State University. He is currently associate professor in the Department of Counseling and Personnel ServicesGraduate College Kenet State University Ohio. Dr. Wallbrown teaches in the School Counseling and Counseling Psychology Program. He has authored more than 50 articles in professional and scientific journals in the areas of school psychology clinical psychology counseling and special education. He is a liecnsed psychologist in Ohio and Kansas. His research interests are in counsseling social miconception reading attitudes and ability structures. Booney Vance received his BS and MA degrees from East Tennessee State University and his PhD from the Ohio State University in School psychology. He has been a school psychologist learning disability consultant and supervisor. Currently he is with the School Psyhology Faculty Departmentn of Early Childhood Education Kent State University. He is a member of the National Association of School Psychologists and the Council for Exceptional Children. He seves as a consultant to many shcool districts in the United States and state departments of education. He has authored numerous publications in professionla and scientific journals. His research interests are in cognitive syles ability sturctures and performance of various cultural groups in standardized tests of intelligence. currently he is seving as cochairperson for the National Association of School Psychologists Research and Evaluation committee with Fred Wallbrown. Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr. Vance Deopartment of Early childhood Education School Psychollogy Program Kent State University Kent Ohio 44240. John Blaha received his BS degree from State university of New York at Stonybrook in physics and his MA and PhD from Ohio State University in school psychology and coordinator of the School of Psychology Training Program at George Mason University. In

Discusses how the profiles of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) can be used in the development of remedial strategies for reading disabled children. Characteristics of the WISC-R profiles; ... 详细信息

关键词： LEARNING disabled children READING disability REMEDIAL reading teaching WECHSLER Intelligence Scale for Children INTELLIGENCE tests

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Activity as object-related: Resolving the dichotomy of individual and collective planes of activity

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Mind, Culture, and Activity 2005年第1期12卷 70-88页

作者： Stetsenko, Anna PhD Program in Developmental Psychology The Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Center for Activity Theory and Developmental Work Research University of Helsinki FIN-00014 P.O. Box 47 Finland

This article suggests that the principle of object-relatedness, introduced by Vygotsky and expanded by A. N. Leontiev, can be used to conceptualize human subjectivity within a profoundly social view of human development. This is achieved by reformulating the premises of cultural-historical activity theory to include the notion that material production, intersubjective exchanges, and human subjectivity form a unified three-fold dialectical system. Focusing on the constant manifold transitions among components of this system as its modus vivendi reveals (a) individual and collective processes as being interrelated and co-evolving levels of activity, and (b) the practical relevance of human subjectivity alongside the human relevance of material practices. Such an expanded view posits human subjectivity on a continuum of regulatory mechanisms of social practice, to which both individual and social processes belong. It is further conceptualized as a form of practical transformative pursuits in the world, and as a lawful and necessary moment of human life endowed with the capacity to generate new activity cycles. The co-evolution of collective motives and personal goals, as well as the practical relevance of theoretical constructions, are used as illustrations.

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RELATIONS OF SEXUAL FUNCTIONING AND SATISFACTION ON DEPRESSION IN OLDER LESBIAN WOMEN AND GAY MEN

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Innov Aging 2017年第SUPPL 1期1卷 173-173页

作者： S. Spies-Upton C. Escher S. Paulraj C. Cummings L.M. Brown T. Tormala R.G. Gomez PhD Program in Clinical Psychology Palo Alto University Palo Alto California

Depression as well as dissatisfaction with sexual wellbeing is common in older lesbian women and gay men. This study explored the relationship of sexual functioning and satisfaction with depression severity in lesbians and gay men who were ages 55 years and older. As part of a larger study, 32 lesbian women and 44 gay men were given the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire, and questions regarding sexual satisfaction and frequency of current sexual activity. In gay men, depression severity was significantly correlated with sexual functioning (r=-.448, p=.015) but not with general sexual satisfaction (r=-.212, p=.287). When examining specific items of sexual satisfaction, enjoyment, frequency, desire, and thoughts and pleasure of thoughts of sexual activity were significantly negatively correlated with depression severity. As for sexual functioning, only ability and frequency of ejaculation and pleasure in orgasm was negatively correlated with depression severity in gay men. In lesbian women, depression was not significantly correlated with sexual functioning or satisfaction or to specific items of sexual satisfaction and functioning. Results suggest that depression severity was negatively correlated with sexual satisfaction but less so with functioning in gay men. However, no significant relationships were found between sexual functioning and satisfaction with depression in lesbian women. These findings suggest that sexual satisfaction and functioning may play an important role in the emotional wellbeing of older gay men, but not in older lesbian women.

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RELIGION AND DEPRESSION SEVERITY IN OLDER SEXUAL-MINORITY ADULTS

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Innovation in Aging 2017年第SUPPL_1期1卷 121-121页

作者： Escher, C. Ma, F. Spies-Upton, S. Paulraj, S. Cummings, C. Brown, L.M. Tormala, T. Gomez, R.G. PhD Program in Clinical Psychology Palo Alto University Palo Alto California

Older sexual minorities belonging to a religious group may experience poorer psychological wellbeing, as they have historically been discriminated against by religious communities. However, some research suggests that LGBTQ individuals can benefit from religious support. This study examined the relations of outness to religious community and religious activity with depression in 102 lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults over the age of 55. As part of a larger study, participants completed the Religion and Spirituality Questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Of those who reported being religious or spiritual (n=87), outness to religious community was significantly correlated with relying on religious teachings for problems, satisfaction with outness to religious community, relying on religious beliefs as a guide, and praying (ps<.05). When examining sexual minority subgroups, correlations indicated that outness to religious community was related to greater involvement in their religion in bisexuals and lesbians, but not in gay men. As for wellbeing and religion, depression severity was negatively correlated to outness to religious community and praying in Lesbians. In Gay men, depression was negatively correlated with belief in god and praying. In contrast, in bisexuals, satisfaction with outness, belief in god, and praying were positively correlated with depression indicating that religion may have a detrimental effect on depression. These findings suggest that some aspects of religion may be beneficial to the wellbeing of older sexual minorities, but the benefits may vary across sexual minority groups.

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THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN CAREGIVER BURDEN AND DEPRESSION FOR FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF DEMENTIA PATIENTS

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Innovation in Aging 2017年第SUPPL_1期1卷 139-139页

作者： Shin, S. Huddleson, M. Brown, L.M. Tormala, T. Gomez, R.G. PhD Program in Clinical Psychology Palo Alto University Palo Alto California

Family members who care for people with dementia may develop both negative and positive coping strategies due to caregiver burden that can influence mood (Raggi et al., 2015). This study examined ethnic differences in how religion as a coping strategy was related to caregiver burden and depression. From a larger study, 101 Latino, 214 African American, and 321 Caucasian caregivers were administered the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, the Burden Interview, and Religiosity and Spiritual Coping Questionnaire. Multiple regressions found significant interactions between ethnicity and positive religious coping on caregiver depression and burden. Correlational analyses by ethnicity indicated that positive religious coping was related to lower caregiver burden and depression for Caucasians and African Americans, but not Latinos. In particular, African Americans who participated more in religious activities and used religion as positive coping reported less caregiver burden and depression. Furthermore, African Americans who used more negative religious coping endorsed more burden and depression. Similarly for Caucasians, the more they participated in religious activities and used religion to positively cope, the less depressed and burdened they felt. Negative religious coping also was related to greater depression in Caucasians. For Latinos, only religious negative coping was related to greater caregiver burden. These findings suggest that religion can have both positive and negative impacts on caregiver burden and depression, but these religious influences appear greater for Caucasians and African Americans, and less so for Latinos.

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