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Effect of Zircos-E etching as surface treatment on monotonic and fatigue strength of a 4YSZ

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 2025年 170卷

作者： Duvan Cala Castillo Luiza Freitas Brum Souza Gabriel Bauken Mutlu Özcan Luiz Felipe Valandro Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira MSciD and PhD Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science Faculty of Dentistry Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil University of Zurich Center for Dental Medicine Clinic for Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials 8032 Zurich Switzerland

This study evaluated the effect of Zircos-E etching as a surface treatment on the monotonic and fatigue strength of 4 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (4YSZ), with and without resin cement. Disc-shaped specimens (n = 15 per group; Ø = 15 mm × 1.2 mm) were assigned to four surface conditions: control (no treatment), alumina air abrasion (AirAbr), Zircos-E etching for 30 min (ZE30), and for 2 h (ZE2). Each group was tested both with and without resin cement (Multilink N). Monotonic strength was measured using a biaxial flexural test, while fatigue strength was assessed via stepwise loading, beginning at 130 MPa with 30 MPa increments every 10,000 cycles. Surface roughness, topography, and fractography were also analyzed. Statistical analysis showed that surface treatment significantly influenced fatigue strength (p < 0.001), especially in cemented groups. After cementation, the AirAbr (768.2 ± 174.1 MPa) and ZE2 (757.4 ± 155.1 MPa) groups exhibited the highest fatigue strength, while the untreated control group had the lowest values (519.4 ± 88.7 MPa). Monotonic strength was significantly improved by air abrasion (894.2 ± 153.1 MPa), while Zircos-E produced intermediate results. In terms of surface roughness, ZE2 presented the highest Ra (0.99 ± 0.13 μm) and Rz values, significantly higher than the control (Ra = 0.45 ± 0.07 μm), confirming enhanced micro-retentive topography. Zircos-E etching, particularly for 2 h, effectively improved fatigue performance and roughness of 4YSZ ceramics, with outcomes comparable to conventional air abrasion. Clinical significance Zircos-E treatment may offer a promising surface conditioning strategy for zirconia restorations, providing improved mechanical performance, particularly when combined with resin cement.

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Modifying BiVO4 as a photocatalyst for water oxidation using constant-duration alkaline-etched post treatments

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New Journal of Chemistry 2023年第2期48卷 569-577页

作者： Hsu, Chuan-Chih Chuang, Kai-Jie Huang, Hsiao-Wen Pan, Bo-Jin Chen, Hung-Ming Husain, Sadang Yougbaré, Sibidou Hsiao, Yu-Cheng Wu, Yung-Fu Lin, Lu-Yin Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Surgery School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taiwan Division of Cardiovascular Surgery Department of Surgery Taipei Medical University Hospital Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City24301 Taiwan Gingen Technology Co. Ltd. Rm. 7 10F. No. 189 Sec. 2 Keelung Rd. Xinyi Dist. Taipei11054 Taiwan Department of Physics Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Lambung Mangkurat University Banjarmasin70124 Indonesia /Nanoro Ouagadougou03 Burkina Faso International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign Stanford University CA94305-5428 United States Graduate Institute of Biomedical Optomechatronics College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei11696 Taiwan

BiVO4 with suitable band edges and a small band gap is considered an efficient photocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), but short charge-transfer lengths limit its photocatalytic ability. Increasing active sites can essentially enhance oxidation reactions and photocatalytic ability. The alkaline etching technique can refine the surface properties of BiVO4 by introducing oxygen vacancies and possibly establishing a heterojunction, but suitable alkaline etching methods are rarely discussed. In this study, three alkaline etching methods, including hydrothermal, soaking, and electrodeposition processes, are first applied for a constant duration to tailor the surface properties of BiVO4 as a photocatalyst for the OER. Alkaline-etched BiVO4 prepared using hydrothermal and soaking processes shows better photocatalytic abilities due to the generation of additional oxygen vacancies, while poor photocatalytic ability is found for that fabricated using electrodeposition due to the formation of less photocatalytic VO2. The highest photocurrent density of 2.38 mA cm−2 is obtained at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode in an electrolyte without a hole scavenger for the BiVO4 etched in the hydrothermal process, while the untreated BiVO4 presents a photocurrent density of 0.58 mA cm−2. A photocurrent retention of 92.3% is achieved after 5000 seconds of continuous illumination. The study supplies blueprints for establishing effective alkaline etching methods for enhancing the photocatalytic ability of BiVO4, with the exception of time costs. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

关键词： Charge transfer

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A Framework for Interpretability in Machine Learning for Medical Imaging

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Alan Q. Karaman, Batuhan K. Kim, Heejong Rosenthal, Jacob Saluja, Rachit Young, Sean I. Sabuncu, Mert R. School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Cornell Tech New YorkNY10044 United States Department of Radiology Weill Cornell Medical School New YorkNY10065 United States Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program New YorkNY10065 United States Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Harvard Medical School BostonMA02129 United States Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory MIT CambridgeMA02139 United States

Interpretability for machine learning models in medical imaging (MLMI) is an important direction of research. However, there is a general sense of murkiness in what interpretability means. Why does the need for interpretability in MLMI arise? What goals does one actually seek to address when interpretability is needed? To answer these questions, we identify a need to formalize the goals and elements of interpretability in MLMI. By reasoning about real-world tasks and goals common in both medical image analysis and its intersection with machine learning, we identify five core elements of interpretability: localization, visual recognizability, physical attribution, model transparency, and actionability. From this, we arrive at a framework for interpretability in MLMI, which serves as a step-by-step guide to approaching interpretability in this context. Overall, this paper formalizes interpretability needs in the context of medical imaging, and our applied perspective clarifies concrete MLMI-specific goals and considerations in order to guide method design and improve real-world usage. Our goal is to provide practical and didactic information for model designers and practitioners, inspire developers of models in the medical imaging field to reason more deeply about what interpretability is achieving, and suggest future directions of interpretability research. © 2023, CC0.

关键词： Machine learning

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High-resolution dynamic imaging of chromatin DNA communication using Oligo-LiveFISH

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Cell 2025年

作者： Zhu, Yanyu Balaji, Ashwin Han, Mengting Andronov, Leonid Roy, Anish R. Wei, Zheng Chen, Crystal Miles, Leanne Cai, Sa Gu, Zhengxi Tse, Ariana Yu, Betty Chentzu Uenaka, Takeshi Lin, Xueqiu Spakowitz, Andrew J. Moerner, W.E. Qi, Lei S. Department of Bioengineering Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Biophysics PhD Program Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Computational Biology Program Public Health Sciences Division and Translational Data Science IRC Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center Seattle 98109 WA United States Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford 94305 CA United States Sarafan ChEM-H Stanford University Stanford 94305 CA United States Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco 94080 CA United States

Three-dimensional (3D) genome dynamics are crucial for cellular functions and disease. However, real-time, live-cell DNA visualization remains challenging, as existing methods are often confined to repetitive regions, suffer from low resolution, or require complex genome engineering. Here, we present Oligo-LiveFISH, a high-resolution, reagent-based platform for dynamically tracking non-repetitive genomic loci in diverse cell types, including primary cells. Oligo-LiveFISH utilizes fluorescent guide RNA (gRNA) oligo pools generated by computational design, in vitro transcription, and chemical labeling, delivered as ribonucleoproteins. Utilizing machine learning, we characterized the impact of gRNA design and chromatin features on imaging efficiency. Multi-color Oligo-LiveFISH achieved 20-nm spatial resolution and 50-ms temporal resolution in 3D, capturing real-time enhancer and promoter dynamics. Our measurements and dynamic modeling revealed two distinct modes of chromatin communication, and active transcription slows enhancer-promoter dynamics at endogenous genes like FOS. Oligo-LiveFISH offers a versatile platform for studying 3D genome dynamics and their links to cellular processes and disease. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： CRISPR imaging DNA communication dynamic tracking enhancer-promoter interaction high-resolution imaging live DNA imaging non-repetitive genome imaging Oligo-LiveFISH polymer modeling primary cell

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Bulk passivation of perovskite films utilizing halide anion ionic liquids

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International Journal of Thermofluids 2023年 20卷

作者： Alashkar, Adnan Ayoub, Mohamad Ibrahim, Taleb Khamis, Mustafa Nancarrow, Paul Alami, Abdul Hai Tabet, Nouar PhD Program in Materials Science and Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre RISE University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Biology Chemistry and Environmental Sciences College of Arts and Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah 26666 United Arab Emirates Center for Advanced Materials Research Research Institute of Science and Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy University of Sharjah Sharjah 27272 United Arab Emirates

Chemical additives to perovskite precursors constitute a predominant route to passivate defects in perovskite films and improve carrier charge dynamics. In this work, ionic liquids (ILs) with chloride and iodide anions are used as additives for bulk passivation of perovskite films. The ionic liquids in the form of 1‑butyl‑4-methylpyradinium iodide (IL-I) and 1-ethylimidazolium chloride (IL-Cl) are mixed individually with a precursor of Cesium Formamidinium Lead Triiodide and Methylammonium Chloride (CsFAPbI3−MACl). The decay of charge carriers within the perovskite film before and after passivation with ILs was measured by Time Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (TRPL). The effect of added ILs on the recombination rate of the photocarriers was investigated by analyzing the decay of the TRPL signal in all samples. The average lifetimes obtained within one day of preparations were 79 ns, 73 ns and 275 ns for pristine perovskite, IL-I passivated perovskite and IL-Cl passivated perovskite films, respectively. These values show that the presence of the IL with chloride anion greatly improves the average lifetime of the charge carrier by around 250%, while IL with iodide anion decreased the lifetime by 32% as compared with the pristine perovskite sample. This finding renders the IL-Cl passivated perovskite films as a valuable resource in applications ranging from photoelectric to hydrogen generation devices. © 2023

关键词： Ionic liquids

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2-Mercaptoimidazole selectively etching and thiol-functionalized ZIF-8 metal–organic framework to serve as a multifaceted platform for radical scavenging and Au loading

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Materials Today Chemistry 2023年 27卷

作者： Chen, Y.-L. Lee, G.-Y. Tang, D.-W. Huang, K. Lo, P.-Y. Huang, J.-H. Cho, E.-C. Lee, K.-C. Department of Science Education National Taipei University of Education No.134 Sec. 2 Heping E. Rd. Da-an District Taipei City106 Taiwan School of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University 250 Wuxing Street Taipei City110 Taiwan Department of Green Material Technology Green Technology Research Institute CPC Corporation Kaohsiung81126 Taiwan TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei110 Taiwan Cancer Center Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University 110 Taiwan PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei City110 Taiwan

Zeolite imidazole frameworks (ZIF-8) are a group of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that harbor application potential due to their unique high porosity and other physicochemical properties. However, the small cavities, unstable dispersion, and the lack of surface functional groups hinder the practical application of ZIF-8. In this study, we aimed to develop a ZIF-8-based multifaceted platform with hollow structure and abundant functional groups via a simple one-pot method. We synthesized the ZIF-8 with thiol functionalization (ZSH), while 2-mercaptoimidazole was served as both etching agent and functional counterpart. The hollow morphology and the thiol-groups modification were validated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy with energy-disperse X-ray mapping and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The interparticle structure was estimated by Brunauer–Emmmett–Teller and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The hollow architecture, colloidal stable, and thiol-abundant surface endow ZSHs exploiting the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability than pristine ZIF-8 toward a broad scale of morphological change with high functionalization degree. Moreover, ZSHs can specifically encapsulate gold nanoparticles in large quantities for further applications. Finally, ZSHs possess good biocompatibility in human cells and in vivo zebrafish model and could potentially protect human cells against oxidative stress. This concept valuably elucidated the new era for functionalized ZIF-8 to apply as the next generation of multifunctional biomaterials. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Morphology

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Novel synthesis of ZIF67 derived cobalt and nickel oxides induced by ammonium tetrafluoroborate as electroactive material of battery supercapacitor hybrids

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Journal of Energy Storage 2023年 68卷

作者： Kuo, Tsung-Rong Draviana, Hanny Tika Hsu, Chia-Shuo Chung, Ren-Jei Chen, Min-Wen Wang, Su-Ching Lee, Pin-Yan Yougbaré, Sibidou Lin, Lu-Yin Wu, Yung-Fu International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei106 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan BP 218 11 Nanoro Burkina Faso Department of Chemical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City24301 Taiwan

Cobalt and nickel oxides with large theoretical capacitance, high redox activity and low-cost features are widely applied as electroactive material of battery supercapacitor hybrids (BSH) to reduce energy consumption and create renewable energy. Synthesizing cobalt and nickel oxides using zeolitic imidazolate framework 67 (ZIF67) can enhance conductivity and electroactivity and maintain surface area and porosity of ZIF67. Structure directing agent (SDA) can control morphology and improve electrochemical performance. It is attractive to apply SDA for controlling morphology of oxidized ZIF67 and achieving excellent energy storage. In this work, ammonium tetrafluoroborate (NH4BF4) is firstly applied as SDA to synthesize ZIF67 derivative, which is then annealed to form leaf-like cobalt and nickel oxides as electroactive material. The optimal oxidized ZIF67 derivative shows a larger specific capacitance (CF) of 828.9 F/g than those of 519.9 and 5.0 F/g respectively for the oxidized ZIF67 and pristine ZIF67 electrodes, due to preferable leaf-like structure and (311) facet for the former case. A BSH with oxidized ZIF67 derivative positive electrode and graphene negative electrode shows maximum energy density of 10.2 Wh/kg at 357 W/kg, and CF retention of 91% and Coulombic efficiency of 97% after 10,000 cycles. The novel SDA of NH4BF4 is expected to design other efficient electroactive materials for effective energy storage. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Nickel oxide

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CuO NWs boosted triboelectric microfluidic nanosensor functionalized by collagen-protein interactions for real-time platelet count monitoring

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Chemical Engineering Journal 2024年 490卷

作者： Lin, Jia-Cheng Kaswan, Kuldeep Chatterjee, Subhodeep Wu, Yu-Wen Kumar Sharma, Manish Ranjan, Ashok Roy Barman, Snigdha Lin, Yu-Zih Burnouf, Thierry Boireau, Wilfrid Lu, Ming-Yen Tu, Yong-Kwang Su, I-Chang Wu, Ping-Hsiu Lin, Zong-Hong Fan, Yu-Jui School of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Taipei Neuroscience Institute Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei11031 Taiwan International Intercollegiate PhD Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Material Science and Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Université de Franche-Comté CNRS Institut FEMTO-ST BesançonF-25030 France Department of Neurosurgery Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei City23561 Taiwan Department of Surgery School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Radiation Oncology Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei11031 Taiwan Center for Precision Health and Quantitative Sciences Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei 11031 Taiwan

Blood platelet count significantly affects the development of severe conditions like myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial ischemia, respiratory compromise, stroke, diabetes, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), along with chemotherapy patients and those suffering cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). These conditions necessitate frequent monitoring of platelet counts to guide diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. However, existing techniques are relatively time-consuming, lack of accuracy and require precise operation. The emergence of these severe diseases underscored the need to develop advanced platelet count-monitoring techniques which are rapid, highly precise, and conveniently portable for point-of-care applications. In this study, we emphasized the development of a triboelectric microfluidic nanosensor (TMNS) for platelet quantification through the assessment of flow resistance. The functionality of TMNS device is based on immobilization of platelets on a collagen layer coated inside a microfluidic channel. The triboelectric voltage output is measured as a detection signal of the flow resistance and is enhanced by incorporating high surface area copper oxide nanowires (CuO NWs) on the interior of copper tubes. These copper tubes serve as terminal electrodes and for flow guiding. The flow resistance of plasma solutions is elevated when the platelet concentration increases due to heightened adherence of platelets onto the collagen layer. Variations in flow resistance induce alterations in contact electrification, causing changes in output voltage at load terminals. Fine-tuning of the TMNS device was achieved by optimizing the channel width and length, flowing liquid viscosity, and voltage measurement technique. Platelet quantification sensing data were acquired through the combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) solutions. The described device exhibits promising capabilities for platelet-count monitoring in whole-blood samples c

关键词： Copper oxides

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Macrophage-mediated controlled release of cysteine protease inhibitor from PLGA-PEG/hydroxyapatite microspheres for targeting cathepsin S in Alzheimer's disease

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European Polymer Journal 2024年 214卷

作者： Yang, I-Hsuan Kuan, Che-Yung Zhang, Sheng-Long Chen, Zhi-Yu Li, Chi-Han Liang, Ya-Jyun Kuo, Wei-Ting Chang, Chia-Ting Lin, Jason Hsieh, Hsing-Pang Chang, Jang-Yang Lin, Feng-Huei Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine National Health Research Institutes Miaoli County Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National United University Miaoli County Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine and College of Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research National Health Research Institutes Miaoli County Taiwan Taipei Cancer Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

The cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown;however, studies have indicated the increased expression of cathepsin S (CTSS) in AD brains. Cathepsin S acts as a β-secretase, prompting the release of amyloid-β peptides and stimulating microglial cell activation, causing microglial migration, and contributing to neuroinflammation and disease progression. In this study, CT001, an inhibitor of the cysteine protease CTSS, was encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-polyethylene glycol microspheres combined with hydroxyapatite microspheres (CPPMs/HAMs) to achieve a constant and long-term drug release for AD. The results showed that CPPMs/HAMs had a uniform diameter of approximately 1 μm, enabling macrophage endocytosis and facilitating sustained CT001 release into the bloodstream, ultimately reaching the brain for AD treatment. The developed CPPMs/HAMs demonstrated excellent anti-inflammatory properties and mitigated CTSS expression in an in vitro inflammation microglial model. Intramuscular administration of CPPMs/HAMs improved learning and memory in AD mice during behavioral assessments. Furthermore, CPPMs/HAMs reduced CTSS expression, amyloid-beta accumulation, and deposition in vivo. This study demonstrated the potential of CT001 delivered via CPPMs/HAMs as a promising approach for managing AD in patients. © 2024

关键词： Peptides

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Exploring the potential of the nano-based sunscreens and antioxidants for preventing and treating skin photoaging

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Chemosphere 2024年 347卷 140702页

作者： Lin, Chih-Hung Lin, Ming-Hsien Chung, Yu-Kuo Alalaiwe, Ahmed Hung, Chi-Feng Fang, Jia-You Center for General Education Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Kweishan Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Dermatology Chi Mei Medical Center Tainan Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences Chang Gung University Kweishan Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al Kharj Saudi Arabia School of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan PhD Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan School of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan Pharmaceutics Laboratory Graduate Institute of Natural Products Chang Gung University Kweishan Taoyuan Taiwan Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Kweishan Taoyuan Taiwan Department of Anesthesiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kweishan Taoyuan Taiwan

Excessive exposure to sunlight, especially UV irradiation, causes skin photodamage. Sunscreens, such as TiO2 and ZnO, can potentially prevent UV via scattering, reflection, and absorption. Topical antioxidants are another means of skin photoprotection. Developing nanoparticles for sunscreens and antioxidants is recommended for photoaging prevention and treatment as it can improve uncomfortable skin appearance, stability, penetration, and safety. This study reviewed the effects of nano-sized sunscreens and antioxidants on skin photoprevention by examining published studies and articles from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, which explore the topics of skin photoaging, skin senescence, UV radiation, keratinocyte, dermal fibroblast, sunscreen, antioxidant, and nanoparticle. The researchers of this study also summarized the nano-based UV filters and therapeutics for mitigating skin photoaging. The skin photodamage mechanisms are presented, followed by the introduction of current skin photoaging treatment. The different nanoparticle types used for topical delivery were also explored in this study. This is followed by the mechanisms of how nanoparticles improve the UV filters and antioxidant performance. Lastly, recent investigations were reviewed on nanoparticulate sunscreens and antioxidants in skin photoaging management. Sunscreens and antioxidants for topical application have different concepts. Topical antioxidants are ideal for permeating into the skin to exhibit free radical scavenging activity, while UV filters are prescribed to remain on the skin surface without absorption to exert the UV-blocking effect without causing toxicity. The nanoparticle design strategy for meeting the different needs of sunscreens and antioxidants is also explored in this study. Although the benefits of using nanoparticles for alleviating photodamage are well-established, more animal-based and clinical studies are necessary. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Antioxidants

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