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Implementation of Six Sigma Methodology in Indian Plastic Manufacturing Industry-A case Study

Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 2025年第1期106卷 299-321页

作者： Patel, Pritesh Desai, Darshak Mechanical Engineering Department PhD Scholar Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad Drs. Kiran and Pallavi Patel Global University Gujarat Vadodara India University Gujarat Vidhyanagar India

This paper demonstrates the effective application of the Six Sigma DMAIC methodology in a small-scale plastic manufacturing industry to address defects, resolve customer complaints, and enhance overall product quality. Focusing on twocritical plastic components and their assembly, the implementation led to a substantial drop in rejection rates, improved process stability, and a transition from problemsolving to efficient serial production. The methodology incorporated tailored tools and techniques specifically relevant to the plastic injection industry, aiming to reduce defect rates and address root causes of customer complaints, ultimately reducing the risk of losing customers. Key interventions included redesigning components and optimizing the assembly process. Notably, this improvement increased the Sigma level of Component A from 3.4 to 4.36, Component B from 3.56 to 4.46, and the assembly process from 3.36 to 4.27. Economic impacts included a decrease in rejection costs as a percentage of sales by 47.3%, a rework cost reduction of 78.25%, and a total loss reduction of 67.39%. Theinitiative successfully addressed customer complaints, enhanced assembly line efficiency, and maintained competitive pricing with improved quality. Through Six Sigma DMAIC, the company achieved continuous improvement, leading to a notable decrease in customer complaints and enhanced product reliability. © The Institution of Engineers (India) 2024.

关键词： Six sigma

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Effect of process parameters on surface roughness of 316L stainless steel coated 3D printed PLA parts

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 68卷 734-741页

作者： Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Manoj Singh Chohan, Jasgurpreet Kumar, Santosh PhD Research Scholar Department of Mechanical Engineering Chandigarh University Gharuan Punjab Mohali India Department of Regulatory Affair Auxein Medical Private Limited Haryana India Department of Mechanical Engineering Chandigarh University Gharuan Punjab Mohali India Department of Mechanical Engineering Chandigarh Group of Colleges Landran Punjab Mohali India

3D printing is a novel and rapid emerging technology. Among distinct 3D printing techniques, Fusion deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the cost effective 3D printing technique. In addition, in FDM process, polylactic acid (PLA) filaments are generally utilized. However, the quality of FDM fabricated part depends upon many processing parameters. Hence, in the current investigation PLA samples have been fabricated using FDM at distinct parameters. Further, the fabricated samples were coated at different levels (50 µm, 100 µm and 150 µm) with 316L stainless steel using electric arc spray. Finally, the surface roughness of the fabricated samples was measured. The result showed that the, surface roughness is higher (14.9 µm) at raster orientation (30°), top and bottom layer (2), and coating thickness (50 µm). On the other hand the surface roughness was found to be lower at raster orientation (60°), top and bottom layer (4), and coating thickness (150 µm). © 2022

关键词： Surface roughness

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Microstructure, 3-chemical moduli (3CM) and micro-spectral analyses of HSDA-treated black cotton soil for sustainable subgrade construction

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2022年 56卷 1668-1674页

作者： Onyelowe, Kennedy C. Usungedo, Thompson Senior Lecturer Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering Kampala International University Kampala Uganda Graduate Candidate Department of Civil Engineering Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria

Microstructural, 3-chemical moduli (3CM) and micro-spectral analyses has been carried out in this research work on HSDA-treated black cotton soil for sustainable subgrade construction. Black cotton soil (BCS) is considered problematic and incapable of withstanding axial load due to its erratically swell-shrink behavior on exposure to moisture. Sadly, hydraulically bound structures like the subgrade of highway pavement foundations are seasonally exposed to moisture through suction or capillary rise as the water table rises. So, the effect of treatment on the surface configuration, oxide composition and micro-graphical arrangement of the BCS has been studied. The BCS was characterized and classified as A-7 group soil with high plasticity and poorly graded condition. Sawdust ash was obtained by combusting sawdust and sieving through 2.35 mm aperture sieve. It was further activated by blending it with pre-formulated activator material (a blend of 8 M NaOH solution and NaSiO2 in 1:1 ratio) to generate HSDA. The HSDA was further used in wt % of 3, 6, 9, and 12 to treat the BCS. The treated samples were studied to their structure changes, 3-chemical moduli, and micrograph changes. XRF and SEM tests were conducted to determine the pozzolanic strength via the chemical oxide composition, 3-chemical moduli (3-CM) and the microstructural arrangement of the experimental materials and the treated BCS. The XRF tests showed that the experimental materials had less pozzolanic strength, which improved with the treated blends thereby forming stabilized mass of BCS. Also, it showed the silica moduli of the 3-CM dominated the stabilization of the soil with HSDA. SEM tests showed increased formation of ettringite and gels with the addition of the HSDA. Also, the ED-XRF chemical oxide and XRD micro-spectral studies showed great outcome at 12 wt% of HSDA and BCS blend with high formation of aluminosilicates above 70% and the formation of quartz and calcite, which showed HSDA potential as g

关键词： Microstructure

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Utilizing Hybrid Deep Reinforcement Learning and Transformer Networks for Predictive Maintenance in Product Safety engineering

Utilizing Hybrid Deep Reinforcement Learning and Transformer...

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2024 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computation-Based Sensor Applications, ICAIQSA 2024

作者： Nimma, Divya Kannaiyan, Mathi Gupta, Deepak Roy, Manidipa Al Ansari, Mohammed Saleh Balakumar, A. PhD in Computational Science University of Southern Mississippi Data Analyst in UMMC United States University College of Kancheepuram Anna University Kancheepuram Campus Department of Mechanical Engineering Tamil Nadu Kanchipuram India Graphic Era Hill University Department of Mechanical Engineering Uttarakhand Dehradun India Graphic Era Deemed to Be University Department of Mechanical Engineering Uttarakhand Dehradun India ABES Engineering College Department of ECE Uttar Pradesh Ghaziabad India College of Engineering University of Bahrain Department of Chemical Engineering Bahrain K.Ramakrishnan College of Engineering Department of ECE Trichy India

ISBN: (纸本)9798331517953

Predictive maintenance (PdM) is essential to make sure the protection and reliability of the technology. This paper affords a remarkable technique that mixes hybrid deep reinforcement getting to know (DRL) with transformer networks to enhance predictive protection strategies for protection in material safety engineering. In most cases, inefficient and costly implementation strategies are based on predefined guidelines or ad hoc practices in traditional management. A system that integrates DRL and Transformer Networks to quickly identify and predict operational needs and respond effectively to various conditions. Hybrid DRL approach has the capability of non-modeling and reinforcing model-based learning for maintenance a it is best through communication with the system. enabling the study of systems Environmental and historical data. The recognized efficiency of transformer networks in sequential data processing will enhances the ability of the model to process and interpret the time series sensor data, helps to improves the prediction performanceThis method uses dual stage architecture which extract the time based features from sensor data. This approach agrees real-time optimization of emerging patterns and anomalies, This will improves prediction capabilities and reduces false positives. This model was tested on various industrial datasets, indicating significant developments in prediction accuracy and maintenance scheduling efficiency compared to traditional methods. By integrating these advanced techniques, The approach provides a more vigorous and adaptive solution for ensuring product safety and reliability in complex industrial environments. Proposed model achieved a notable reduction in Mean Absolute Error (MAE) 0.15 compared to traditional predictive maintenance methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Predictive maintenance

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Advanced Manufacturing Process Development for Automation in the Industry using Artificial Intelligence-Based System 3

Advanced Manufacturing Process Development for Automation in...

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3rd International Conference on Advance Computing and Innovative Technologies in engineering, ICACITE 2023

作者： Kumaravel, D. Tomar, Prashant Tulanovna, Kodirova Dilshodkhan Sharma, Sushant Pawar, Krupal Prabhakar Patil, Pravin P Amet University Tamil Nadu Chennai India Parul University Parul Institute of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Gujarat Vadodara India Candidate of Technical Sciences Docent Uzbekistan Fergana Polytechnic Institute Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology Fergana Uzbekistan Faculty of Engineering and Technology Fet Mriirs Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies Department of Mechanical Engineering India Mechanical Engineering Rajiv Gandhi College of Engineering India Graphic Era Deemed to Be University Department of Mechanical Engineering India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350399264

The record of answer books and attendance (RABA) in any examination system is an unexplained but necessary component of educational institutions to register the presence and trace the unique number of answer sheets of a certain applicant. Manually writing in the RABA of pupils traditionally is time-consuming, difficult to manage, and prone to human mistakes. To address these issues, an AI-based system with facial recognition and a fingerprint-based biometric system of digital RABA is presented. In this work, an automated system for face recognition and fingerprint identification using biometrics is proposed, and the answer sheet barcode is subsequently scanned for RABA input using a camera module. Finally, all of these records are stored in a database and may be retrieved at any moment by the institution of the university. This approach provides a faster and more precise means of avoiding proxy attendance. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Face recognition

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An expandable chamber for safe brain retraction: new technologies in the field of transcranial endoscopic surgery

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第4期24卷 326-335页

作者： Elena ROCA Anna GOBETTI Giovanna CORNACCHIA Oscar VIVALDI Barbara BUFFOLI Giorgio RAMORINO Head and Neck Department NeurosurgeryIstituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza25124 BresciaItaly Technology for Health PhD Program University of Brescia25124 BresciaItaly Materials Science and Technology at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Metallurgy at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Anatomy and Physiopathology Division Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly

Neurosurgery is a highly specialized field:it often involves surgical manipulation of noble structures and cerebral retraction is frequently necessary to reach deep-seated brain *** are still no reliable methods preventing possible retraction *** objective of this study was to design work chambers well suited for transcranial endoscopic surgery while providing safe retraction of the surrounding brain *** chamber is designed to be inserted close to the intracranial point of interest;once it is best placed it can be *** should guarantee an appreciable workspace similar to that of current neurosurgical *** experimental aspect of this study involved the use of a force sensor to evaluate the pressures exerted on the brain tissue during the retraction *** pterional craniotomy,pressure measurements were made during retraction with the use of a conventional metal spatula with different *** that,although the force values necessary for retraction and exerted on the spatula by the neurosurgeon are the same,the local pressure exerted on the parenchyma at the edge of the spatula at different inclinations varied greatly.A new method of cerebral retraction using a chamber retractor(CR)has been designed to avoid any type of complication due to spatula edge overpressures and to maintain acceptable pressure values exerted on the parenchyma.

关键词： Brain retraction Spatula Brain retractor design Brain retraction injury Retraction complication Transcranial endoscopic surgery

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Towards Real-World Efficiency: Domain Randomization in Reinforcement Learning for Pre-Capture of Free-Floating Moving Targets by Autonomous Robots

Towards Real-World Efficiency: Domain Randomization in Reinf...

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Bahador Beigomi Zheng H. Zhu Mechanical Engineering Dep PhD Candidate at Space Debris Lab York University Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering Professor and Tier I York Research Chair in Space Technology York University Canada

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

In this research, we introduce a deep reinforcement learning-based control approach to address the intricate challenge of the robotic pre-grasping phase under microgravity conditions. Leveraging reinforcement learning eliminates the necessity for manual feature design, therefore simplifying the problem and empowering the robot to learn pre-grasping policies through trial and error. Our methodology incorporates an off-policy reinforcement learning framework, employing the soft actor-critic technique to enable the gripper to proficiently approach a free-floating moving object, ensuring optimal pre-grasp success. For effective learning of the pre-grasping approach task, we developed a reward function that offers the agent clear and insightful feedback. Our case study examines a pre-grasping task where a Robotiq 3F gripper is required to navigate towards a free-floating moving target, pursue it, and subsequently position itself at the desired pre-grasp location. We assessed our approach through a series of experiments in both simulated and real-world environments. The source code, along with recordings of real-world robot grasping, is available at Fanuc_Robotiq_Grasp.

关键词： Training Target tracking Source coding Reinforcement learning Robustness Sensors Grippers

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Employee learning in the digitalization context: An evaluation from team members’ and project managers’ perspectives

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Procedia Computer Science 2022年 196卷 902-909页

作者： Bertha Joseph Ngereja Bassam Hussein PhD Candidate Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering NTNU NO-7491 Trondheim Norway Associate Professor Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering NTNU NO-7491 Trondheim Norway

The need for learning from individual level to organizational level is essential especially in the current era of digital transformation where adoption to new changes is unceasing. This is because if knowledge is fragmented in the organization, ideas, experiences, and solutions to problems will only be accessible to a certain group of people. The purpose of this study was to conduct an evaluation of the factors that facilitate learning in the digitalization context from the team members’ and project managers’ perspectives. Critical factors that facilitate learning in digitalization projects were identified from extant literature and categorized into employee, management, and environment related factors. These were evaluated using a questionnaire survey. A total of eleven measurement scales were established using a 5-point Likert scale. The survey was rolled out to 120 participants working in different digitalization projects in diverse industries. The results showed that, although the management related factors appear to have the most influence in facilitating employee learning in the digitalization projects, they are the factors that receive less attention in organizations compared to employee and environment related factors. Moreover, the study shows how management, employee, and environment related factors influence each other.

关键词： learning digitalization projects top management environment knowledge

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CHITOSAN-COLLAGEN COMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS FOR GROWTH DIRECTION GUIDANCE OF PC12 AXONS

CHITOSAN-COLLAGEN COMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS FOR GROWTH DIRECTION G...

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ASME 2024 International Design engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in engineering Conference, IDETC-CIE 2024

作者： Tsai, Po-Yu Lin, Ying-Ting Wang, Gou-Jen Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung-Hsing University Taichung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9780791888421

In this study, nerve conduits of chitosan and collagen composites with biocompatibility and biodegradability were fabricated. The effects of material composition and surface morphology on the axonal growth and directionality of rat epinephric pheochromocytoma PC12 were investigated. The cells were separated by a PDMS structure to simulate nerve injury, and the growth of axons of PC12 cells was observed under the separation of large gaps. At the same time, mitochondria extracted from osteosarcoma cybrid cells (C2-GFP) were added to the culture to investigate the effect of healthy mitochondria on axon differentiation and growth. The experimental results showed that the chitosan-collagen composite film can promote the growth of PC12 axons more effectively than the pure chitosan film. Cell culture results at different groove widths also showed that smaller grooves resulted in more axon numbers and longer axon lengths. Nerve injury simulation experiments showed that the nerve repair could be almost completed after 12 days of culture. Copyright © 2024 by ASME.

关键词： Mitochondria

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engineering to Order Applications for the Manufacturing Industry 1st

Engineering to Order Applications for the Manufacturing Indu...

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Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Technologies and Advances in Automation, Aerospace and Robotics, STAAAR 2022

作者： Soni, Nimesh K. Vadher, Jeetendrakumar Patel, Vinay Shah, Hetalkumar PhD Research Scholar Gujarat Technological University Gujarat Ahmedabad India Department of Mechanical Engineering Govt. Engineering College Modasa Gujarat Modasa India Department of Mechanical Engineering B.V.M. College Vallabh Vidyanagar Gujarat Anand India Gandhinagar Institute of Technology Gujarat Kalol India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819923489

The engineering to order (ETO) is manufacturing as per specific customer demand. ETO products transferred to the specification of the customer. The ETO manufacturing method is applied in organizations for producing and developing particular customized products. Computerized automation or design automation is stared as an essential means to reach lead time and quality upgrades. Production planning and control governing the project requirement and needs with software support. Challenges in web computing with improvement in business activity of ETO Company are investigated in this paper briefly also purposed tooling with automation which will reduce loading of the sales department. It specifies to the customer the available relevant web data as per cloud computing ETO tools, which is directly linked to the sales ordering procedure. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

关键词： Sales

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