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American Control Conference

作者： Tianyou Guo Huei Peng PhD candidate of the Department of the Mechanical Engineering G041 Lay Automotive Laboratory the University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA Prof. of the Department of the Mechanical Engineering G041 Lay Automotive Laboratory University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901777

The ability to predict the torque and power consumption of a tracked robot, a.k.a., small unmanned ground vehicle (SUGV) is important for its design. Accurate torque and power consumption prediction enables motion planning that does not exceed the torque and power limitations of the propulsion system or the terrain. Due to the fact that skid steering may consume a large percentage of the propulsion power of tracked SUGVs, it must be included in any accurate power analysis. Modeling of skid steering of tracks is difficult on soft soils because of the track-soil interaction and the distributed nature of shear stress along the contact area. This study begins with a general theory of skid steering track-soil interaction at steady state. A fast yet accurate 2-D simplified model is then developed, which is solved with pre-calculated skid steering resistance coefficient maps. Subsequently a quadratic equation for internal power consumption is obtained experimentally. The simplified model is verified using the experimental data obtained from an iRobot Packbot driving on dry sand.

关键词： SUGV fact experimental

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Impact of biomass in Egypt on climate change

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Natural Science 2013年第6期5卷 678-684页

作者： Dalia Adel Nakhla Mohamed Galal Hassan Salah El Haggar Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Department of Petroleum Engineering School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Environmental Engineering PhD Program School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt

Egypt is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change due to the expected detrimental impacts on coastal zones, agriculture, water security as well as indirect social and health impacts. Egypt is responsible for 0.57% of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although Egypt is a non-annex I country not requiring any specific emission reduction or limitation targets under the Kyoto protocol, its National plans have included mitigation measures to reduce its greenhouse gases. The main sectors contributing to climate change in Egypt are energy, industry, agriculture and waste. Waste, on the other hand, has been accumulating in the streets of Egypt and along its water banks causing considerable air, soil and water pollution and indirect detrimental health impacts. However, this waste which is composed of organic municipal waste, agricultural residues, agro-industrial waste, animal manure and sewage sludge are valuable biomass resources. Utilizing the waste resources of Egypt especially the biomass or the organic component of this waste will not only solve some of the pressing economic needs of Egypt such as animal fodder, fertilizer and fuel but will also alleviate environmental burdens through decreasing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in the sector of waste as well as those of energy, industry and agriculture. This paper quantifies the biomass resources in Egypt generated from different waste resources. Then it demonstrates the efforts that Egypt made to contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions reductions through the Kyoto Protocol’s clean development mechanism (CDM). The projects in the waste sector already established in Egypt and approved as CDM projects are listed, which are related to waste management facilities and those which are waste to energy projects. Finally, a list of mitigation projects as proposed by the Egyptian government to decrease GHGs as related to the waste sector are enumerated.

关键词： Waste Climate Change Biomass Egypt

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Experimental Validation of Mission Energy Prediction Model for Unmanned Ground Vehicles

Experimental Validation of Mission Energy Prediction Model f...

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American Control Conference

作者： Amir Sadrpour J. Jin A. G. Ulsoy PhD Candidate at the University of Michigan Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering 1205 Beal Ave. Ann Arbor MI 48109-2117 USA Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781479901777

Typical unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) rely on rechargeable batteries for operation, so it is essential to ensure that the batteries will not be exhausted unexpectedly before the completion of the UGV mission. This demands an accurate model to predict the UGV mission energy requirement. For this purpose, two model estimation methods were proposed in the earlier work [1] using a vehicle longitudinal dynamics model. The first method used the least squares estimation (LSE) without using mission prior knowledge. The other method used Bayesian estimation to consider mission prior knowledge (e.g., road grade and rolling resistance). In this paper, we have validated several aspects of the methods via experiments, which includes: (1) evaluation of the measurement sensor capability, (2) examination of relationship between power consumption and vehicle velocity as well as road grade, (3) investigation of the estimation of UGV internal resistance, (4) study of the effect of different road surface conditions on power consumption, and (5) comparison of the performance between the proposed LSE and Bayesian estimation approaches in predicting the mission energy requirement. Therefore, the vehicle dynamic model has been validated. It has also been verified that the Bayesian estimation method is able to predict UGV energy consumption more accurately than the LSE method.

关键词： Unmanned ground vehicles Experimental validation Energy prediction Bayesian prediction Recursive least squares estimation Mission prior knowledge Unmanned Ground Vehicle Bayesian inference Bayes methods recursive least squares SIAE gene Power consumption Batteries

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Numerical characterization of the hydrodynamics and thermal behavior of air flow in flexible air distribution system

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2013年第1期1558卷

作者： Samad Gharehdaghi Samir Moujaes PhD Candidate Mechanical Engineering Department University of Nevada-Las Vegas USA Professor Mechanical Engineering Department University of Nevada-Las Vegas USA

Flexible duct air distribution systems are used in a large percentage of residential and small commercial buildings in the United States . Very few empirical or predictive data are available though to help provide the HVAC design engineer with reliable information . Moreover, because of the ducts flexibility, the shapes of these ducts offer a different set of operating fluid flow and thermal conditions from traditional smooth metal ducts. Hence, both the flow field and heat transfer through this kind of ducts are much more complex and merit to be analyzed from a numerical predictive approach. The aim of this research paper is to compute some of the hydrodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of the air flow inside these ducts over a range of Re numbers commonly used in the flow conditions of these air distribution systems. The information resulting from this CFD simulation, where a κ-ε turbulent model is used to predict the flow conditions, provide pressure drop and average convective heat transfer coefficients that exist in these ducts and was compared to previously found data. Circulation zones in the depressions of these ducts are found to exist which are suspected of influencing the pressured drop and heat transfer coefficients as compared to smooth ducts. The results show that fully developed conditions exist much earlier with regard to the inlet for both hydrodynamic and thermal entrance regions than what would be expected in smooth ducts under the same turbulent conditions.

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Total intravenous anesthesia in a closed loop system: Report of the first case in Colombia

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Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology 2013年第4期41卷 306-310页

作者： Francisco Javier Gómez Oquendo Fabián David Casas Arroyave Juan Manuel Fernández Álvaro Guarín Grisales Physician Anesthesiologist IPS Universitaria Professor at The Anesthesiologist Department Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia Physician Anesthesiologist Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación Medellín Colombia Biomedical Engineer Candidate for Master of Engineering Universidad EAFIT Medellín Colombia Biomedical Engineer Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering Professor at The Engineering Department Universidad EAFIT Medellín Colombia

Total intravenous anesthesia is a widely used technique that relies on the use of intravenous anesthetics, propofol being the most frequently used and studied. At present, there are pharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic tools that are used to generate mathematical models to ensure the safe and moderately effective use of this technique. However, the depth of anesthesia is determined purely on the clinical findings and this requires neurological monitoring such as the bi-spectral index (BIS) in order to correlate the data derived from the pharmacokinetic models used for the administration of the anesthetic with the determination of its desired clinical effect. We designed an operating system for automated control of the propofol infusion that provides feedback on the basis of the data generated by the BIS monitor. The system is programmed to increase or decrease the propofol infusion within a specific BIS range and, consequently, in accordance with the needs of the individual patient. We describe anesthetic management using this technique in a female patient taken to surgery for prosthetic mammary implantation under general anesthesia at the University Hospital. An intraoperative record was generated including the depth of anesthesia and its action on propofol concentration at the effective site using the automated administration and control system. We concluded that the use of closed-loop total intravenous anesthesia under neurologic monitoring is the next step in the evolution of this technique. It is less reliant on the pharmacokinetic models available at present, and is better suited to adapt to the specific needs of individual patients and to the type of surgical intervention. La anestesia total intravenosa es una técnica ampliamente utilizada que tiene como base el uso de anestésicos intravenosos para su realización, siendo el propofol el más usado y estudiado para tal fin. Actualmente se dispone de herramientas farmacéuticas y farmaco-cinéticas que generan modelo

关键词： Propofol Anesthesia Analgesics, Opioid Hypnosis Morphine Propofol Anestesia Analgésicos Opioides Hipnosis Morfina

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Modeling of Chemical mechanical Polishing Processes by Cellular Automata and Finite Element/Matlab Integration Methods

Modeling of Chemical Mechanical Polishing Processes by Cellu...

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Symposium on Design, Test, Integration and Packaging of MEMS/MOEMS

作者： Kuo-Shen Chen Shang-Lun Wu Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Master Candidate Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Cheng-Kung University Tainan Taiwan 70101

ISBN: (纸本)9781467344777

In this work, novel chemical-mechanical polishing modeling schemes in both wafer and device levels are proposed and analyzed. The cellular automata method, based on Preston equation and contact mechanics, are used for analyzing the wafer level material removing rate. On the other hand, a finite element and Matlab integration scheme is also developed, primarily for addressing the structural integrity of interconnected structures after polishing. These methods are validated by comparing the previous reported analysis and experimental data. Finally, these schemes are used for parametric studies for guiding process optimization.

关键词： Microfabrication modeling Chemical-mechanical Polishing (CMP) Finite element method (FEM) Cellular-Automata (CA) Preston Equation Matlab

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Use of Stainless Steel AISI 304 for Catalytic Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials from Solid Wastes

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Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2012年第3期1卷 128-133页

作者： Alves, Joner Oliveira Soares Tenório, Jorge Alberto Zhuo, Chuanwei Levendis, Yiannis Angelo Doctor in Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Researcher Research Center Aperam South America Timóteo Brazil Doctor in Metallurgical Engineering Professor Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Escola Politécnica Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Master in Mechanical Engineering PhD student Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering College of Engineering Northeastern University Boston United States Doctor in Environmental Engineering Science Professor Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering College of Engineering Northeastern University Boston United States

Nanomaterials (CNMs) have extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties, which provide a wide range of potential applications. However, the high cost to produce CNMs limits their usage. This work aims to decrease the cost of these materials by reducing the expenses associated with raw materials (using low-cost wastes) and with catalyst (using stainless steel meshes). Samples of sugarcane bagasse, corn residue (DDGS), scrap tires, and post-consumer PET bottles were burned in a controlled atmosphere. The effluent gases were subjected to AISI 304 stainless steel meshes, which worked as catalysts. The stainless steel decomposed the gaseous hydrocarbons into Csolid and H2, resulting in a precipitation of carbon on the metal surface and leading to the formation of CNMs. The catalyst system decreases the gaseous emissions from the solid wastes burned, as showed by the gas chromatography. Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis were used to check structures of the formed materials. Results showed the formation of carbon nanomaterials with lengths of 20 μm to 50 μm and diameters in the range of 20 nm to 200 nm. Value-added products, including carbon nanotubes, were successfully synthesized using solid wastes as carbon donors and AISI 304 stainless steel meshes as catalysts. © 2012 Elsevier Editora Ltda. and Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Fabrication-Modelling and Analysis on Tribological Performance of Natural Composites Using Taguchi Approach

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Procedia engineering 2012年 38卷 2635-2644页

作者： Gujjala Raghavendra S.K. Acharya C.R. Deo P. Mishra PhD Scholar Department of Mechanical Engineering NITRourkela Rourkela-769008Odisha INDIA Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering NITRourkela Rourkela-769008 Odisha INDIA

Different types of natural fiber are used to reduce the traditional fiber in composite fabrication due to their inherent properties when compared to other materials. New natural fiber reinforced composite (lantana-camara and bagasse) were fabricated with different volume fraction (10, 20, 30) and also tested experimentally with regard to their specific wear rate. To evaluate test data obtained, an experimental design method (L9), which is based on the Taguchi method, was used. By this method S/N ratio measurement and a new linear trend equation for composite also developed. From analysis of test results, it was determined that the composite prepared from bagasse fiber gives good wear resistance when compared to lantana-camara. The worn out samples also studied by using SEM.

关键词： bagasse lantana-camara taguchi specific wear rate S/N ratio

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The comparison of various gas turbine inlet aircooling methods for various ambient condition trough energy and exergy analysis

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2012年第1期1440卷 1141-1155页

作者： A. Ganjeh Kaviri M. N. Mohd Jafarb M. L. Tholudin H. Ganjeh Kaviri PhD Candidate Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Technologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai Malaysia Professor Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Technologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai Malaysia Assoc Professor Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Technologi Malaysia 81310 UTM Skudai Malaysia Bs.c student Islamic Azad university Kerman Branc Iran

The strong influence of climate conditions on gas turbine behavior is well known. During the summer season the output of gas turbines falls to a value that is less than the rated output under high temperature conditions. Cooling the turbine inlet air can increase output power considerably, because cooled air is dense, giving the turbine a higher mass flow rate and resulting in increased turbine output and efficiency. This study is to use the energy and exergy analysis method to evaluate the air cooling method used for enhancing the gas turbine power plant. In addition, the effect of inlet air cooling method on the output power, exergy efficiency and exergy destruction have been analyzed. Also at the end of the paper the comparison of two mentioned methods has been investigated.

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Experimental study on sintered powder wick loop heat pipe

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2012年第1期1440卷 612-620页

作者： Nandy Putra Saputra M. Iqbal Bimo Ridho Irwansyah S. Nata Wayan Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok Jawa Barat 16425 Indonesia PhD Student at Department of Mechanical Engineering Universitas Indonesia Kampus Baru UI Depok Jawa Indonesia Barat 1642 Indonesia

Increased of heat flux generated by electronic equipment in particular components of a computer (CPU) should always be accompanied with a good cooling in order to achieve optimal operating capability with a high level of reliability. The use of loop heat pipes in thermal management of electronic cooling becomes one of alternative solution. Before LHPs are implemented as an alternative cooling method for electronic device, a quantity of reliability factors should be considered and evaluated such as wick structure and material, type of working fluid, long term life tests, and other tests. The purposes of this experimental study are to examine and analyze the application of sintered copper powder as a wick on a loop heat pipe, type of cooling system on LHP and the orientation of LHP. The performace of nanofluid as working fluid in loop heat pipe were also investigated in this experiment. The performance of the loop heat pipe was also affected by the type of condenser; the water cooled loop heat pipe has the highest temperature reducing value compared to the heat sink fan. The orientation of loop heat pipe also affected the performance of loop heat pipe. This proved that gravity and capillary pressure affecting the performance of loop heat pipes. Temperature differences between the evaporator and condenser sections with nanofluids were less that pure water, i.e. thermal resistance of the LHP when charged with nanofluids was less. It makes nanofluid attractive as working fluid in loop heat pipe technology.

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