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The Fourth World Congress of Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization

作者： Jeong Ho Shin Byung Man Kwak Ph.D.Candidate Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Taejon 305-701 KOREA Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Taejon 305-701 KOREA

This paper introduces an Internet based interactive solver for numerical optimization problems as a user-friendly OD system and shows its feasibility. This system can help solve a wide variety of nonlinear constrained or unconstrained optimization problems via the World Wide Web (WWW). In the WWW, a client can define his own design parameters such as the number of design variables, the number of constraints, the equations for objective function and constraints as well as the upper and lower bounds of design variables. Several optimization methods are available in this system. For unconstrained problems, the BFGS method and the Fletcher-Reeves method can be used. For constrained problems, a modified method of feasible directions, the Sequential Linear Programming (SLP) method and the Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) method can be used. In developing this system, WWW technologies, including XML (extensible Markup Language) and the Java programming language, are utilized. Documentation of problem definition and its result is based on XML. XML provides users with structured and detailed information. For feasibility test, several numerical optimization problems are solved in this system. This system can be tested directly at "http://***".

关键词： Web-enabled system Internet Nonlinear programming XML

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Maritime Safety Through Systems Safety engineering

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中国远洋航务 1999年第12期 59-62页

作者： K F Tang C W Leung MSc CEng FIMarE MIMechE Marine Department Hong Kong SAR Government BSc MSc phD FIMarE FIMcehE MCIBSE Mechanical Engineering Department Hong Kong Polytechnic University

*** In current semmars and conferences about marine transportation safety and shipping safety, the Internationsl safety Code(ISM)is one of the hot topics. In this paper the authors introduce the concepts Of systems safety engineering(SSE). The historical backgrounds of both ISM and SBE are described. The authors compare the concepts of both ISM and SSE. The advantages of SSE are discussed. The authors also introduce the SSE programme plan and SSE activities. *** OF SAFETY If we look for the definition Of safety in an English dictionary, it tells you that safety is a noun meaning a state of being free from harm or danger. To expand the dictionary definition technically, we might define safety as "A measure that determines to what extend the management, technology and operation of a system is free from danger to life, property and the environment".

关键词：远洋仁人航务公告伪口

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Arsenal ship program certification plan

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第1期110卷 249-261页

作者： Arntson, S Lind, W Turner, JJ Blaiklock, WC Tedesco, M Stephen G. Arntson is an independent consultant. A degree Naval Architect he has over 38 years of experience in the design construction and maintenance of surface ships. His experience includes 28 yeus with the Naval Sea Systems Command Naval Ship Engineering Centerl Bureau of Ships specializing in the structural design of Naval surface ships and 7 years with ABS Specializing in the application of commercial ship design practices. Most recently he worked with both NASSCO and ABS MZ the Arsenal Ship Program. Steve was very active with the Ships Structure Committee in developing R&D programs for ship structure and he is a member of the ASNE Journal Committee. Steve received a BS in Mechanical Engineering (Naval Architecture Option) from Virginia Polytechnic Institute in 1964. He is a member of the ASNE TAU BETA PI PI TAU SIGMA and PHI KAPPA PHI. William 1. Lind joined ABS in 1992 after ten years with Sparkman and Stephens Inc. He is currently ABS Amekas Manager of Engineering jm New Orleans and Cleveland. Both ofices conduct plan reviews for militavy commercial and private marine craft fm self-propelled vessels under 300 feet in length and bargus unlimited in length. As Vice-Chaimn ojthe Western Rivers Technical Committee Great Lakes Technical Committee and the Small Vessel Committee Bill participated in the writing of the 1997 ABS Guide for Building and Classing High Speed Craft and the 1997 ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels Under 9OM. Bill received an MBA from Florida Atlantic University in 1995 a BS in Mechanical Engineering from New York Institute of Technology in 1986 and a BA in Histoy from Colgate University in 1976. He is Chaimn of SNAME HS-9 Composite Panel Testing & Fire Protection and a member of ASNE. John J. Turner is Senior Vice President of SYNTEK Technologies Inc. in Arlington Virginia. SYNTEK specializes in activities of a highly technical nature supporting both industry and government in domestic and international markets. He is a registered Professional Engineer

The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA), in conjunction with the U.S. Navy, initiated a research program for the design and construction of a distinctive warship for the 21st century known as the Arsenal Ship. By using an innovative development and acquisition approach it was hoped to streamline the procurement process and reduce costs. In an environment where budgets are being cut, both industry and Government were challenged to develop, design, and produce the innovative ship and related mission systems to meet specific performance capabilities within strict affordability constraints. A key element of this innovative acquisition approach was a new certification scheme designed to replace the traditional test and evaluation (T&E) and acceptance process. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of the certification plan during Phase LI of the Arsenal Ship program by the American Bureau of Shipping and the contending Shipyard teams, and to discuss the potential benefits of this alternative certification approach. Although the Arsenal Ship program was canceled late in 1997, insight derived from the exploration of new certification concepts could benefit future design and building programs.

关键词： Warships

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An experimental technique to investigate the dynamic indentation hardness of materials

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EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES 1997年第3期21卷 16-18页

作者： Koeppel, BJ Subhash, G Doctoral Candidate Mechanical Engineering–Engineering Mechanics Department Michigan Technological University Houghton MI Assistant Professor Mechanical Engineering–Engineering Mechanics Department Michigan Technological University Houghton MI

The development of a simple and well characterized technique to determine the dynamic hardness of a material where prior knowledge of the material (such as elastic modulus, yield stress, etc.) is not required is reported. The technique parallels the static method and therefore, direct comparison between static and dynamic hardness values can be made. The method provides a simple and effective means for assessing material response under high strain rate loading conditions.

关键词： Hardness

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Research articles Integral attachment using snap‐fit features: a key to assembly automation. Part 3 ‐ an attachment‐level design methodology

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Assembly Automation 1997年第3期17卷 239-248页

作者： Robert W. Messler Suat Genc Gary A. Gabriele Associate Professor and Director of the Materials Joining Laboratory in the Materials Science and Engineering Department Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA PhD candidate in mechanical engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering Aeronautical Engineering and Mechanics as well as Associate Dean of the School of Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York USA

The third part of a comprehensive six‐part series on a promising and growing approach to mechanical attachment amenable to automation. Integral snap‐fit attachment design has traditionally focused almost exclusively on the individual features that actually accomplish locking between parts of an assembly (e.g. cantilever hooks, bayonet‐fingers, compressive hooks, traps, and others). The placement and orientation of features that facilitate or enhance engagement or eliminate unwanted translation, rotation or vibration, i.e. locating features and enhancements, are rarely considered. Here, describes integral features classified as locks, locators or enhancements. More importantly, presents a systematic six‐step approach or methodology to guide designers at the higher, attachment or conceptual design level (as opposed to lower, feature or detail design level).

关键词： Assembly Automation Design Materials handling Methodology

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Multiple neural networks coupled with oblique decision trees: a case study on the configuration design of midship structure

Multiple neural networks coupled with oblique decision trees...

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Australian and New Zealand Conference on Intelligent Information Systems

作者： Y.S. Yeun K.H. Lee S.M. Han Y.S. Yang Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Daejin University South Korea Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering South Korea PhD Candidate Department of Ocean and Naval Architecture Seoul National University South Korea Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

The paper is concerning the development of multiple neural networks system of problem domains where the complete input space can be decomposed into several different regions, and these are known prior to training neural networks. The authors adopt an oblique decision tree to represent the divided input space and select an appropriate subnetworks, each of which is trained over a different region of input space. The overall architecture of the multiple neural network system, called the federated architecture, consists of a facilitator, normal subnetworks, and "tile" networks. The role of a facilitator is to choose the subnetwork that is suitable for the given input data using information obtained from decision tree. However, if input data is close enough to the boundaries of regions, there is a large possibility of selecting the invalid subnetwork due to the incorrect prediction of decision tree. When such a situation is encountered, the facilitator selects a "tile" network that is trained closely to the boundaries of a partitioned input space, instead of a normal subnetwork. In this way, it is possible to reduce the large error of neural networks at zones close to borders of regions. Validation of the approach is examined and verified by applying the federated neural network system to the configuration design of a midship structure.

关键词： Neural networks Computer aided software engineering Marine vehicles Decision trees Space technology Design engineering Oceans Feedforward systems Feedforward neural networks mechanical engineering

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Inferred end-point control of long reach manipulators

Inferred end-point control of long reach manipulators

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： C. Mavroidis P. Rowe S. Dubowsky Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA PhD student at the Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburg PA USA

The problem of the end-point control of long reach manipulator systems, consisting of a dexterous manipulator carried by deployable structures, is addressed. Such systems can be important where a manipulator must perform a task in a difficult to reach location. Power line maintenance systems and the Space Station Freedom's external maintenance robot are examples. Their supporting deployable structures can exhibit substantial vibrations, making the system very difficult to control. Here, a sensor based control algorithm, called inferred end-point control is proposed. Simulation and experimental results show that it yields stable and accurate manipulator end-effector positioning control despite of vibrations of the system's supporting structure using easily obtained strain measurements.

关键词： Manipulators Control systems Vibration control Space stations Robot sensing systems Orbital robotics Strain control Vibration measurement Strain measurement

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Design: a missing link in manufacturing strategy

World Class Design to Manufacture

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World Class Design to Manufacture 1995年第3期2卷 25-32页

作者： Charles Wainwright National Coal Board as an apprentice draughtsman during which time many basic engineering skills were attained. Following his apprenticeship he studied for and was awarded a degree in Mechanical Engineering and won an IMechE prize for project work relating to the design of squeeze‐film damper bearings. Following his degree the author continued with the National Coal Board for several years as an engineering designer before joining Spooner‐Vicars as a strategic planning engineer. While with Vicars the author was involved with a number of strategic projects including capital investment in CAD CAM and machine tool systems. During this period the author also gained his PhD from UMIST. Recently the author joined De Montfort University as Senior Lecturer to continue research established during the PhD study. Industrial links are maintained however through collaborative industry/university research projects and teaching company schemes. He can be contacted at The School of Engineering Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering De Montfort University The Gateway Leicester LE1 9BH. Tel: 0116 255 1551 Fax: 0116 257 7052

At present manufacturing strategy research is focused on theinteraction between the manufacturing and marketing functions to theexclusion of product design. As product design aims to meet the needs ofcustomers, market knowledge is vital to determine the products todesign. However, without both market and product knowledge it isimpossible to provide optimum manufacturing facilities. Thus productdesign should be considered as an essential aspect during theformulation of manufacturing strategy. Typically the validity of amanufacturing strategy is measured using a series of strategic product,order‐winning criteria. Initially discusses the effects of productdesign in relation to those strategic criteria and subsequentlyhighlights the need to treat design as a manufacturing strategy contentvariable via a case study conducted within a medium‐sized, multi‐productbatch manufacturing company.

关键词： Case studies Manufacturing Marketing strategy Product design

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DIFFERENCES IN THE GAIT CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY COMPARED WITH AGE-MATCHED CONTROLS - RESPONSE

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PHYSICAL THERAPY 1994年第4期74卷 312-313页

作者： MUELLER, MJ MINOR, SD SAHRMANN, SA SCHAAF, JA STRUBE, MJ MJ Mueller PhD PT is Assistant Professor Program in Physical Therapy Washington University School of Medicine 660 S Euclid Box 8083 St Louis MO 63110 (USA). SD Minor PhD PT is Assistant Professor Program in Physical Therapy Washington University School of Medicine. SA Sahrmann PhD PT FAPTA is Associate Professor Program in Physical Therapy Washington University School of Medicine. JA Schaaf PhD is Visiting Research Associate and Lecturer Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering University of California Davis CA 95616. He was Hunter Assistant Professor of Mechanical Design Mechanical Engineering Washington University at the time of this study. MJ Strube PhD is Professor of Psychology Washington University.

Background and *** with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy have a high incidence of injuries while walking. Biomechanical analysis of their walking may lead to treatments to reduce these injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare (1) the gait characteristics, (2) the plantar-flexor peak torques, and (3) the ankle range of motion of subjects with diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral neuropathy with those of age-matched *** subjects, 10 with DM and a history of peripheral neuropathy (DM group) (mean age=58 years, SD=15, range=35–75) and 10 subjects without diabetes (NODM group) (mean age=57 years, SD=11, range=37–68), were *** following data were collected on all subjects: ankle joint mobility, plantar-flexor peak torque (ankle strength), kinematics of the trunk and lower extremity during normal walking, and ground reaction forces. Moments and power at the ankle, knee, and hip during walking were calculated using a two-dimensional link-segment *** DM group subjects showed less ankle mobility, ankle moment, ankle power, velocity, and stride length during walking than the NODM group subjects. A significant decrease in ankle strength and mobility appeared to be the primary factor contributing to the altered walking patterns of the DM *** and *** DM group subjects appeared to pull their legs forward using hip flexor muscles (hip strategy) rather than pushing the legs forward using plantar-flexor muscles (ankle strategy), as seen in the NODM group subjects. Implications for treatment are presented to attempt to reduce the number of injuries during walking in patients with DM and peripheral neuropathy.

关键词： Biomechanics Diabetes mellitus Gait analysis Joint mobility Kinetics Muscle performance

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A MONOTONE STREAMLINE UPWIND METHOD FOR QUADRATIC FINITE-ELEMENTS

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN FLUIDS 1993年第6期17卷 463-475页

作者： HILL, DL BASKHARONE, EA Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843-3123 U.S.A. Ph.D. candidate formerly senior engineer with Pratt & Whitney Aircraft West Palm Beach Florida U.S.A. Associate Professor

A direct streamline upwind method has been developed for convection-dominated flow problems utilizing quadratic elements. The approach presented retains the curve-sidedness feature offered by these elements. This facilitates the use of boundary conforming elements in domains that possess extreme curvature such as turbomachinery bladed components, for which the method is particularly suited. Three test cases are solved to evaluate the stability and diffusive characteristics of the numerical solution, The results presented clearly demonstrate that the proposed method does not exhibit any non-physical spatial oscillations, nor does it suffer from the traditional problem of excessive numerical diffusion.

关键词： FINITE ELEMENTS STREAMLINE UPWIND QUADRATIC ELEMENTS

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