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Synergistic effect of silicon availability and salinity on metal adsorption in a common estuarine diatom

Journal of environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 364-374页

作者： Fengyuan Chen Jie Ma Ke Pan SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering Institute for Advanced StudyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China

Increasing nitrogen and phosphorus discharge and decreasing sediment input have made silicon(Si)a limiting element for diatoms in *** in nutrient structure and salinity fluctuation can greatly affect metal uptake by estuarine ***,the combined effects of Si and salinity on metal accumulation in these diatoms have not been *** this study,we aimed to investigate how salinity and Si availability combine to influence the adsorption of metals by a widely distributed diatom Phaeodactylum *** data indicate that replete Si and low salinity in seawater can enhance cadmium and copper adsorption onto the diatom *** the single-cell level,surface potential was a dominant factor determining metal adsorption,while surface roughness also contributed to the highermetal loading capacity at lower *** a combination of noninvasive micro-test technology,atomic force microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,we demonstrate that the diversity and abundance of the functional groups embedded in diatom cell walls vary with salinity and Si *** results in a change in the cell surface potential and transient metal *** study provides novel mechanisms to explain the highly variable metal adsorption capacity of a model estuarine diatom.

关键词： Diatom Metal adsorption Silicon Salinity Functional group Surface potential

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A Combined Index of Proactive and Reactive Data for Rating the Safety of Road Sections

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Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of Civil engineering 2024年第1期49卷 985-995页

作者： AsadAmraji, Morteza Salem, Azarakhsh Shirinbayan, Shila Department of Geotechnics and Transportation Faculty of Civil Engineering Water and Environment Shahid Beheshti University Tehran *** Iran PhD Student of Transportation Engineering TU Delft Univercity Delft Netherlands M.Sc. of Transportation Engineering Student Faculty of Civil Water and Environmental Engineering Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran

There are two main methods for reducing the number of road accident fatalities and damages: proactive statistics and reactive statistics. The segments under consideration do not necessarily have the same level of safety risk and should be prioritized based on safety and budget expertise. Using six proactive and reactive criteria, this study presents a new index for ranking segments of a suburban road in terms of safety, namely accidents, roadside conditions, vertical signs, road markings, pavement conditions, and access density. In this study, a hierarchical analysis, a hybrid indicator of combinative distance-based assessment/evaluation based on distance from average solution, and simple weighted models were applied in addition to safety audit and accident index. The Sanandaj-Kermanshah road was selected as a case study for implementing the model. The road was chosen because of its high traffic, importance, and accident rate. In determining the safety risk of segments, accident severity index and access density were the most important factors. Due to the consideration of two steps to verify the prioritization, the CODAS model received the highest weight in the composite indicator. In suburban roads, the proposed index could be used to prioritize budget allocations for road safety. The innovation of this study is the use of a hierarchical and hybrid indicator for proactive data (obtained from safety audits) and reactive data (obtained from accidents). Also, in past studies, they have not examined the combination of proactive and reactive data. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University 2024.

关键词： Prioritization index Safety risk Suburban roads

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Probability of failure estimation for highway bridges under combined effects of uncorrelated multiple hazards

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Resilient Cities and Structures 2022年第3期1卷 79-93页

作者： Ameh Fioklou Alice Alipour Bridge Engineer Connecticut Department of TransportationPhD graduateDepartment of CivilConstructionand Environmental EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA Associate Professor 358Town Engineering BuildingDepartment of CivilConstructionand Environmental EngineeringIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011USA

Majority of the highly populated regions of the United States are susceptible to multiple natural *** such regions,the design and construction of structures under multiple hazards are critical to achieve the appropriate structural performance and infrastructure ***-hazard reliability analysis of structural systems evaluates the system response under multiple random loads,some of which may occur simultaneously,or the effect of one may weaken the structural system before the occurrence of the next *** paper studies the combined effects of scouring and earthquakes,as two uncorrelated extreme events,on the performance of reinforced concrete highway *** a continuous effort to support future improvement in understanding the impact of multi-hazard loading scenario on bridges and to develop mitigation actions,this paper assesses the seismic vulnerability of a reinforced concrete highway bridge experiencing the effect of erosion due to the increase in frequency of flood *** analytical fragility approach uses a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the bridge cases with various levels of *** a bridge is system of components,a component level fragility curve is used to track the response of the components for a given ground motion *** system fragility curves are developed to consider the vulnerability of critical components to assess the probability of bridge *** results indicate that under multi-hazard scenarios,the component governing the fragility of the bridge system varies depending on the level of scour sustained by the structure.

关键词： hazard flood bridges

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Classification and prediction of student performance data using various machine learning algorithms

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2023年 80卷 3782-3785页

作者： Pallathadka, Harikumar Wenda, Alex Ramirez-Asís, Edwin Asís-López, Maximiliano Flores-Albornoz, Judith Phasinam, Khongdet Manipur International University Manipur Imphal India Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Indonesia Management and turism Faculty Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo Huaraz Peru PhD in Computer Science and Engineering Science Faculty Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo Huaraz Peru PhD in Environmental Engineering Environmental Sciences Faculty Universidad Nacional Santiago Antúnez de Mayolo Huaraz Peru Faculty of Food and Agricultural Technology Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University Phitsanulok Thailand

In today's competitive world, it is critical for an institute to forecast student performance, classify individuals based on their talents, and attempt to enhance their performance in future tests. Students should be advised well in advance to concentrate their efforts in a specific area in order to improve their academic achievement. This type of analysis assists an institute in lowering its failure rates. Based on their prior performance in comparable courses, this study predicts students' performance in a course. Data mining is a collection of techniques used to uncover hidden patterns in massive amounts of existing data. These patterns may be valuable for analysis and prediction. Education data mining refers to the collection of data mining applications in the field of education. These applications are concerned with the analysis of data from students and teachers. The analysis might be used for categorization or prediction. Machine learning such as Nave Bayes, ID3, C4.5, and SVM are investigated. UCI machinery student performance data set is used in experimental study. Algorithms are analysed on certain parameters like- accuracy, error rate. © 2021

关键词： Forecasting

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Clinical Biomarkers to Evaluate Next Generation Inhaled Tobacco Products’ Effect in the Oral Cavity: a Narrative Review

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Current Oral Health Reports 2024年第1期11卷 30-39页

作者： Sarles, S. Emma Hensel, Edward C. Rahman, Irfan Robinson, Risa J. Biomedical and Chemical Engineering PhD Program Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Respiratory Technologies Lab Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester NY United States Department of Environmental Medicine Rahman Lab University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester NY United States

Purpose of Review: Biomarkers in the oral cavity of users of next generation tobacco products, such as electronic cigarettes (EC), provide data about effects on oral and systemic health and help predict long-term health effects, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, and periodontal disease. Despite oral cavity health provides, translation of findings to regulatory outcomes around EC is lacking. A review of the current state of the art in use of clinical biomarkers of the oral cavity was conducted. This identified inconsistencies and gaps in tobacco regulatory science to address how to improve clinical studies for screening tobacco products and studying disease. Recent Findings: The review identified that saliva and buccal biopsies provide dependable biomarkers of oral and systemic health when several parameters of health are standardized and considered. Inflammatory cytokines in oral tissue and biofluids of EC users are conflicting due to differences in sample collection and analysis techniques. Salivary C-reactive protein levels provide information about systemic inflammation and risk of cardiovascular disease, but analysis of this biomarker in the oral cavity does not appear in the current literature. The oral microbiome plays a significant role in human health and may be a useful tool to study systemic effects of tobacco products non-invasively, yet inconsistencies in reporting metrics make studies difficult to compare or translate into tangible outcomes. Effects of tobacco product use on hard dental tissue are not widely investigated despite correlations observed between e-cigarette use and broken teeth. Summary: This review provides a comprehensive update on clinical biomarkers in systemic and oral diseases associated with emerging nicotine products. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Biomarkers Electronic cigarette Oral health Tobacco regulatory science Vaping

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Genomic and transcriptomic dissection of Theionarchaea in marine ecosystem

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第6期65卷 1222-1234页

作者： Mingwei Cai Changhai Duan Xinxu Zhang Jie Pan Yang Liu Cuijing Zhang Meng Li Archaeal Biology Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome EngineeringInstitute for Advanced StudyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China SZU-HKUST Joint PhD Program in Marine Environmental Science Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Theionarchaea is a recently described archaeal class within the *** it is widely distributed in sediment ecosystems,little is known about its metabolic potential and ecological ***,we used metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to characterize 12 theionarchaeal metagenome-assembled genomes,which were further divided into two subgroups,from coastal mangrove sediments of China and seawater columns of the Yap *** analysis revealed that apart from the canonical sulfhydrogenase,Theionarchaea harbor genes encoding heliorhodopsin,group 4[NiFe]-hydrogenase,and flagellin,in which genes for heliorhodopsin and group 4[NiFe]-hydrogenase were transcribed in mangrove ***,the theionarchaeal substrate spectrum may be broader than previously reported as revealed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics,and the potential carbon substrates include detrital proteins,hemicellulose,ethanol,and CO_(2).The genes for organic substrate metabolism(mainly detrital protein and amino acid metabolism genes)have relatively higher transcripts in the top sediment layers in mangrove *** addition,co-occurrence analysis suggested that the degradation of these organic compounds by Theionarchaea might be processed in syntrophy with fermenters(e.g.,Chloroflexi)and ***,these observations expand the current knowledge of the metabolic potential of Theionarchaea,and shed light on the metabolic strategies and roles of these archaea in the marine ecosystems.

关键词： Theionarchaea metagenome metatranscriptome metabolic potentials ecological roles

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CNN-optimized text recognition with binary embeddings for Arabic expiry date recognition

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Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology 2024年第1期11卷 1-18页

作者： Lotfy, Mohamed Soliman, Ghada Department Software Engineering Kafr El-Sheikh University Kafr El Sheikh Egypt Orange Innovation Egypt Giza Egypt PhD Department Environmental Engineering Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt

Recognizing Arabic dot-matrix digits is a challenging problem due to the unique characteristics of dot-matrix fonts, such as irregular dot spacing and varying dot sizes. This paper presents an approach for recognizing Arabic digits printed in dot matrix format. The proposed model is based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) that take the dot matrix as input and generate embeddings that are rounded to generate binary representations of the digits. The binary embeddings are then used to perform Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on the date images. To overcome the challenge of the limited availability of dotted Arabic expiration date images, we developed a True Type Font (TTF) for generating synthetic images of Arabic dot-matrix characters. The model was trained on a synthetic dataset of 3287 images and 658 synthetic images for testing, representing realistic expiration dates from 2019 to 2027 in the format of yyyy/mm/dd and yy/mm/dd. Our model achieved an accuracy of 98.94% on the expiry date recognition with Arabic dot matrix format using fewer parameters and less computational resources than traditional CNN-based models. By investigating and presenting our findings comprehensively, we aim to contribute substantially to the field of OCR and pave the way for advancements in Arabic dot-matrix character recognition. Our proposed approach is not limited to Arabic dot matrix digit recognition but can be also extended to text recognition tasks, such as text classification and sentiment analysis.

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Complementary Use of CFRP U-Wraps as Supplemental Shear Reinforcement and Anchorage in Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Flexural Externally Bonded CFRP Sheets

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2024年 64卷 1540-1548页

作者： Muhammad Ishfaq Ravi Kanitkar Kent A. Harries Jovan Tatar PhD Student Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Delaware P.O. Box 19716 Delaware USA Principal KL Structures Austin Texas USA Professor Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh P.O. Box 15260 PA USA Associate Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Delaware P.O. Box 19716 Delaware USA

This research explores complementary shear strengthening and anchorage effects of CFRP U-wraps on reinforced concrete beams strengthened in flexure using externally bonded CFRP sheets. Through experimental testing of large-scale beams, the research aims to enhance the understanding of how the dual strengthening and anchorage functions of U-wraps interact and contribute to the overall structural performance of flexurally-strengthened beams. The specimens were divided into three groups based on existing steel shear reinforcement ratio; each was strengthened with different configurations of U-wraps and fiber anchors. This paper reports the results of twelve beams tested to date. The test matrix is designed in a way that evaluates the conditions under which shear-controlled beams transition to flexure-controlled failure modes, allowing for the evaluation of the dual contribution (i.e., shear strengthening and anchorage) of U-wraps. Based on the initial results, U-wraps increased shear strength by 76% in shear-deficient beams while, at the same time, increasing the strain utilization of flexural CFRP sheets in flexure-controlled specimens by up to 118% over the ACI 440.2-prescribed debonding strain. The addition of U-wraps also shifted the failure mode of flexural CFRP sheet from intermediate crack (IC) debonding to U-wrap rupture or U-wrap debonding.

关键词： shear failure anchorage experimental study external CFRP reinforcement

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DEEP SOUTH URBAN AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER INDUCES CYTOTOXIC AND INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES IN A549 CELLS

Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation

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Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation 2024年第2期60卷 188-201页

作者： Pacurari, M. Cox, I. Kafoury, R. Komolafe, K. Kodedoye, O. Farah, I. Department of Biology College of Science Engineering and Technology Jackson State University JacksonMS39217 United States Environmental Science PhD Program College of Science Engineering and Technology Jackson State University JacksonMS39217 United States RCMI Center for Environmental Health College of Science Engineering and Technology Jackson State University JacksonMS39217 United States

Exposure to ambient air pollution component particulate matter (PM) in urban environments has been associated with adverse health effects to the exposed population. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and inflammatory responses of lung A549 cells to ambient particulate matter (PM) extracts (EE) collected from a geographical site in south of city limits of Jackson, Mississippi. PM was collected from the site, extracted, and characterized for chemical composition and microscopic analysis using SEM. Following characterization, the EE was used to treat A549 cells, and various cellular responses were assessed. Our SEM analysis of EE indicated the presence of micrometer-sized particles, and elemental analysis indicated the presence of elements such as C, Si, Fe, S, N, P, and Ca. Cell viability decreased in a dose- and timedependent manner following exposure to EE. Inflammatory gene IL-1β, chemokine CCL-18 and MIP-1, and transcription factor NF-кB were upregulated by EE. EE also increased the level of ROS and mitochondria. In conclusion, our data indicates that EE is cytotoxic, inflammatory, and an oxidant to lung cells Also, the findings of the present study highlight the potential health risks associated with exposure to air pollution and inflammatory lung disease. © 2024 IAE All rights reserved.

关键词： Lung cancer

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The Scalability of Third Generation Photovoltaics: Deposition Techniques and Modularity

The Scalability of Third Generation Photovoltaics: Depositio...

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2023 Sharjah International Conference on Physics of Advanced Materials, SICPAM 2023

作者： Ayoub, Mohamad Alashkar, Adnan Mdallal, Ayman Ibrahim, Taleb Khamis, Mustafa Alami, Abdul Hai Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates PhD Program in Materials Science and Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical Engineering American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Biology Chemistry and Environmental Sciences College of Arts and Sciences American University of Sharjah Sharjah26666 United Arab Emirates Center for Advanced Materials Research Research Institute of Science and Engineering University of Sharjah Sharjah27272 United Arab Emirates

The development of third-generation photovoltaic (TGPV) technologies promises to address some of the limitations of conventional silicon-based solar cells. However, the scalability of these technologies is a critical factor in their practical application. TGPV include Perovskite Solar Cells (PSC), Organic Solar Cells (OSC), and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC). This paper reviews and summarizes the recent trends and research on the deposition techniques and modularity of TGPV. Various deposition techniques such as slot-die coating, thermal evaporation, and spray pyrolysis are discussed, along with their advantages and limitations. Modularity, which allows for the integration of TGPV cells into different structures, is also examined as a critical factor in scalability. The paper concludes that the scalability of TGPV technologies depends on the development of efficient and cost-effective deposition techniques and modularity, which will facilitate the integration of the TGPV cells into various structures and enable the widespread use of these promising technologies. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells

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