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Characterisation and issues with the use of a conductivity meter to monitor the level of liquid in a cane diffuser bed

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Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 2020年第3期75卷 282-294页

作者： Segura Angel, Diana Maritza Fonseca, Rafael F. PhD in Sciences in the Mechanical Engineering Program Brazil University of São Paulo Av. Trab São-Carlense Brazil

The extraction of sucrose in a cane diffuser depends mainly on the percolation rate, and its optimisation requires the monitoring and control of the liquid holdup with the cane bed. However, most conventional methods that measure liquid levels are not suitable for this application. Operators control the observed liquid level through diffusers’ sight glasses, adjusting the spray position according to visual inspections. The method is inefficient, and a more accurate and reliable measurement process should be implemented towards maximising the sucrose extraction. This article proposes a novel methodology that uses conductance measurements as indicators of the liquid level in cane beds. Conductance, observed liquid level and flow rate variations were analysed under several conditions, such as steady and unsteady states. The effects of the main variables on the observed liquid level and their mathematical relationship were assessed for the validation of the measurements, and experimental tests were conducted on a BMA cane diffuser at Maidstone factory in South Africa. The results are reproducible and show conductance can qualitatively characterise a flooded cane bed. © 2020 Royal Society of South Africa.

关键词： cane bed height conductance flooding liquid level variation in operating conditions

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An expandable chamber for safe brain retraction: new technologies in the field of transcranial endoscopic surgery

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第4期24卷 326-335页

作者： Elena ROCA Anna GOBETTI Giovanna CORNACCHIA Oscar VIVALDI Barbara BUFFOLI Giorgio RAMORINO Head and Neck Department NeurosurgeryIstituto Ospedaliero Fondazione Poliambulanza25124 BresciaItaly Technology for Health PhD Program University of Brescia25124 BresciaItaly Materials Science and Technology at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Metallurgy at Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly Anatomy and Physiopathology Division Department of Clinical and Experimental SciencesUniversity of Brescia25123 BresciaItaly

Neurosurgery is a highly specialized field:it often involves surgical manipulation of noble structures and cerebral retraction is frequently necessary to reach deep-seated brain *** are still no reliable methods preventing possible retraction *** objective of this study was to design work chambers well suited for transcranial endoscopic surgery while providing safe retraction of the surrounding brain *** chamber is designed to be inserted close to the intracranial point of interest;once it is best placed it can be *** should guarantee an appreciable workspace similar to that of current neurosurgical *** experimental aspect of this study involved the use of a force sensor to evaluate the pressures exerted on the brain tissue during the retraction *** pterional craniotomy,pressure measurements were made during retraction with the use of a conventional metal spatula with different *** that,although the force values necessary for retraction and exerted on the spatula by the neurosurgeon are the same,the local pressure exerted on the parenchyma at the edge of the spatula at different inclinations varied greatly.A new method of cerebral retraction using a chamber retractor(CR)has been designed to avoid any type of complication due to spatula edge overpressures and to maintain acceptable pressure values exerted on the parenchyma.

关键词： Brain retraction Spatula Brain retractor design Brain retraction injury Retraction complication Transcranial endoscopic surgery

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The anatomic determinants of conductive hearing loss secondary to tympanic membrane perforation

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Journal of Otology 2017年第3期12卷 125-131页

作者： David J.Carpenter Debara L.Tucci David M.Kaylie Dennis O.Frank-Ito Division of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA Computational Biology & Bioinformatics PhD Program Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham NC USA

Objectives: Recent studies have introduced middle ear volume(MEV) as a novel determinant of perforation-induced conductive hearing loss(CHL) in a mechanism driven by trans-tympanic membrane pressure differences. The primary aims of this preliminary report are to: 1) correlate CHL with perforation size; 2) describe the relationship between CHL and MEV; and 3) compare CHL across a range of cholesteatoma ***: A retrospective pilot study was performed in 31 subjects with audiometry indicative of conductive hearing loss, temporal bone CT scans,and no prior middle ear surgery. Perforation size and MEV were analyzed with respect to CHL in a cohort of 10 perforated ears with no cholesteatoma. CHLs were compared in 3 groups defined by extent of cholesteatoma ***: Ears with large and small perforations showed mean ABG values of 32.0 ± 15.7 dB and 16.0 ± 16.4 dB, respectively. A direct relationship was observed between MEV and CHL for ears with large perforations across all frequencies, whereas this relationship for small perforations was frequency-dependent. Finally, a statistically significant increase in CHL was found across ears with increasing cholesteatoma involvement at 1000 Hz(X^2(2) = 9.786, p = 0.008),2000 Hz(x^2(2) = 8.455, p = 0.015),and 4000 Hz(x^2(2)= 8.253, p = 0.016).Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that greater perforation-induced conductive hearing losses may be associated with larger perforation sizes and cholesteatoma. The correlation between MEV and CHL may require additional study.

关键词： Perforation-induced hearing loss Conductive hearing loss Middle ear volume Three-dimensional volume reconstruction

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Disagreement in middle ear volume estimation between tympanometry and three-dimensional volume reconstruction in the context of tympanic membrane perforation

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Journal of Otology 2017年第2期12卷 74-79页

作者： David J.Carpenter Debara L.Tucci David M.Kaylie Dennis O.Frank-Ito Division of Head and Neck Surgery&Communication Sciences Department of SurgeryDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA Computational Biology&Bioinformatics PhD Program Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA

Introduction: Middle ear volume(MEV) is a clinically relevant parameter across middle ear diseases. MEV values between these techniques have never before been tested for agreement in ears with perforated tympanic membranes(TMs).Methods: Middle ears were identified from 36 patients ranging 18-89 years of age with TM perforations who underwent tympanometry and temporal bone computed tomography(CT) between 2005 and 2015. MEVs calculated by both tympanometry and three-dimensional volume reconstruction(3DVR) were analyzed for agreement using Bland Altman plots. The differences between tympanometric and 3DVR MEV values for each given middle ear were characterized across MEV quartiles(1= smallest; 4= largest) and across increasing states of middle ear disease using Kruskale Wallis and Wilcoxon testing with Bonferroni ***: Bland Altman plots demonstrated significant disagreement between MEV measurement techniques. Differences between tympanometric(T) and 3DVR MEV values were significantly greater with increasing average(i.e.(Tt3DVR)/2)) MEV per linear regression(p < 0.0001). Significance was demonstrated between fourth and first average MEV quartiles(p= 0.0024), fourth and second quartiles(p= 0.0024), third and first quartiles(p= 0.0048), and third and second quartiles(p= 0.048). Absolute MEV difference was not significantly different across varying states of middle ear disease(p= 0.44).Conclusion: Statistically and clinically significant disagreement was demonstrated between tympanometric and 3DVR MEV values. Studies that vary in MEV estimation techniques may be expected to demonstrate significantly different results. These preliminary results suggest that clinicians should endeavor to seek further confirmation when interpreting high tympanometric MEV values.

关键词： Middle ear volume Tympanometry Three-dimensional volume reconstruction Tympanic membrane perforation

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Impact of biomass in Egypt on climate change

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Natural Science 2013年第6期5卷 678-684页

作者： Dalia Adel Nakhla Mohamed Galal Hassan Salah El Haggar Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Department of Petroleum Engineering School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt Environmental Engineering PhD Program School of Sciences and Engineering The American University in Cairo Cairo Egypt

Egypt is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change due to the expected detrimental impacts on coastal zones, agriculture, water security as well as indirect social and health impacts. Egypt is responsible for 0.57% of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although Egypt is a non-annex I country not requiring any specific emission reduction or limitation targets under the Kyoto protocol, its National plans have included mitigation measures to reduce its greenhouse gases. The main sectors contributing to climate change in Egypt are energy, industry, agriculture and waste. Waste, on the other hand, has been accumulating in the streets of Egypt and along its water banks causing considerable air, soil and water pollution and indirect detrimental health impacts. However, this waste which is composed of organic municipal waste, agricultural residues, agro-industrial waste, animal manure and sewage sludge are valuable biomass resources. Utilizing the waste resources of Egypt especially the biomass or the organic component of this waste will not only solve some of the pressing economic needs of Egypt such as animal fodder, fertilizer and fuel but will also alleviate environmental burdens through decreasing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions in the sector of waste as well as those of energy, industry and agriculture. This paper quantifies the biomass resources in Egypt generated from different waste resources. Then it demonstrates the efforts that Egypt made to contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions reductions through the Kyoto Protocol’s clean development mechanism (CDM). The projects in the waste sector already established in Egypt and approved as CDM projects are listed, which are related to waste management facilities and those which are waste to energy projects. Finally, a list of mitigation projects as proposed by the Egyptian government to decrease GHGs as related to the waste sector are enumerated.

关键词： Waste Climate Change Biomass Egypt

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Surface tension assisted dynamic and uniform size generation of 3D spherical hydrogels (STA-DUH) 22

Surface tension assisted dynamic and uniform size generation...

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22nd International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life sciences, MicroTAS 2018

作者： Koduri, Manohar Prasad Garden, Tom Hunt, John A. Henstock, James Curran, Judith Tseng, Fan-Gang International Intercollegiate PhD Program NTHU Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Mechanical Materials and Aerospace School of Engineering University of Liverpool United Kingdom School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University NottinghamNG11 8NS United Kingdom Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease William Henry Duncan Building University of Liverpool United Kingdom Engineering and System Science Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9781510897571

Technologies like additive manufacturing, microfluidics, and electrospray show a possibility of generating a variety of 3-Dimensional structures but seriously suffer in adapting and utilizing the wide variety of available biocompatible materials because of innate diverse physical and chemical properties of biomaterials. It is very important to have a technology which can be viable and dynamically adaptable for different types of materials in generating uniform structures. This work presents a novel cell-laden hydrogel generation using the surface tension phenomenon in controlling the size of the hydrogel. Copyright © (2018) by Chemical and Biological Microsystems Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Surface tension

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Rapid Escherichia coli Cloned DNA Detection in Serum Using an Electrical Double Layer-Gated Field-Effect Transistor-Based DNA Sensor

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Analytical Chemistry 2023年第17期95卷 6871-6878页

作者： Paulose, Akhil K. Hou, Yueh-Ju Huang, Yu-Shan Chakkalaparambil Dileep, Navyamol Chiu, Chia-Lin Pal, Arnab Kalaimani, Vishal Mani Lin, Zong-Hong Chang, Chuang-Rung Chen, Cheng-Pin Lin, Yi-Chun Cheng, Chien-Yu Cheng, Shu-Hsing Cheng, Chao-Min Wang, Yu-Lin Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan College of Semiconductor Research National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Life Sciences National University of Kaohsiung Kaohsiung811726 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Biotechnology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Department of Infectious Diseases Taoyuan General Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare Taoyuan32748 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan International Intercollegiate PhD Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan

In this study, a rapid diagnosis platform was developed for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. An electrical double layer (EDL)-gated field-effect transistor-based biosensor (BioFET) as a point-of-care testing device is demonstrated with its high sensitivity, portability, high selectivity, quick response, and ease of use. The specially designed ssDNA probe was immobilized on the extended gate electrode to bind the target complementary DNA segment of E. coli, resulting in a sharp drain current change within minutes. The limit of detection for target DNA is validated to a concentration of 1 fM in buffer solution and serum. Meanwhile, the results of a Kelvin probe force microscope were shown to have reduced surface potential of the DNA immobilized sensors before and after the cDNA detection, which is consistent with the decreased drain current of the BioFET. A 1.2 kb E. coli duplex DNA synthesized in plasmid was sonicated and detected in serum samples with the sensor array. Gel electrophoresis was used to confirm the efficiency of sonication by elucidating the length of DNA. Those results show that the EDL-gated BioFET system is a promising platform for rapid identification of pathogens for future clinical needs. © 2023 American Chemical Society

关键词： DNA

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Intra-operative ultrasound-based augmented reality guidance for laparoscopic surgery

Intra-operative ultrasound-based augmented reality guidance ...

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作者： Singla, Rohit Edgcumbe, Philip Pratt, Philip Nguan, Christopher Rohling, Robert Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverV6T1Z4 Canada MD/PhD Program University of British Columbia VancouverV6T1Z4 Canada Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London SW72BX United Kingdom Department of Urological Sciences University of British Columbia VancouverV6T1Z4 Canada Department of Mechanical Engineering University of British Columbia VancouverV6T1Z4 Canada

In laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon must operate with a limited field of view and reduced depth perception. This makes spatial understanding of critical structures difficult, such as an endophytic tumour in a partial nephrectomy. Such tumours yield a high complication rate of 47%, and excising them increases the risk of cutting into the kidney's collecting system. To overcome these challenges, an augmented reality guidance system is proposed. Using intra-operative ultrasound, a single navigation aid, and surgical instrument tracking, four augmentations of guidance information are provided during tumour excision. Qualitative and quantitative system benefits are measured in simulated robot-assisted partial nephrectomies. Robot-to-camera calibration achieved a total registration error of 1.0 ± 0.4 mm while the total system error is 2.5 ± 0.5 mm. The system significantly reduced healthy tissue excised from an average (±standard deviation) of 30.6 ± 5.5 to 17.5 ± 2.4 cm3 (p

关键词： Tumors

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Development of label-free triboelectric nanosensors as screening platforms for anti-tumor drugs

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Nano Energy 2024年 125卷

作者： Cheng, Yu-Ying Ganguly, Anindita Cheng, Yi-Yun Ortiz, Christopher Llynard D. Pal, Arnab Shah, Pramod Kaswan, Kuldeep Yang, Lee-Wei Lin, Zong-Hong Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Internet of Senses Research Center National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Praexisio Taiwan Inc. New Taipei221425 Taiwan Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Institute of Biological Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan International Intercollegiate PhD Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Biomedical Artificial Intelligence PhD Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Physics Division National Center for Theoretical Sciences Taipei Taiwan

This study introduces a general label-free drug screening platform with potential to support high-throughput drug screening for any protein target. Its innovation lies in quantifying the affinity of molecule-molecule interactions via voltage output variation, which achieves unprecedented selectivity and sensitivity. It combines computational analysis complemented by experimental substantiation with a solid-liquid triboelectric nanosensor. Owing to its high binding affinity, FKBP-rapamycin is used as a model system to demonstrate the platform's sensitivity. Subsequently, the research is extended to study drug interactions with an oncogenic protein ATG4B. The findings unveil the binding of S130 and Tioconazole to ATG4B, a critical cysteine protease involved in autophagy, while revealing that Dexamethasone does not bind ATG4B. This binding exerts a specific inhibitory effect on autophagic flux and triggers cancer cell apoptosis. The results support the previously verified inhibitory effects of these drugs and the effectiveness of a newly developed self-powered drug screening platform, leveraging the principles of solid-liquid contact electrification. This approach adeptly confronts enduring challenges in traditional drug development methods where biochemical assays need to be designed for each individual protein target or only time-consuming and concentration-demanding molecular interaction measurements were made available. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Nanosensors

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Shape-Tunable BaTiO3 Crystals Presenting Facet-Dependent Optical and Piezoelectric Properties

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Small 2023年第9期19卷 2205920-2205920页

作者： Chen, Jing-Wei Pal, Arnab Chen, Bo-Hao Kumar, Gautam Chatterjee, Subhodeep Peringeth, Kiran Lin, Zong-Hong Huang, Michael H. Department of Chemistry National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan International Intercollegiate PhD Program National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu300092 Taiwan Department of Power Mechanical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Engineering National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu300044 Taiwan

BaTiO3 octahedra, edge-, and corner-truncated cubes, and cubes with four tunable sizes from 132 to 438 nm are synthesized by a solvothermal growth approach. Acetic acid treatment can cleanly remove BaCO3 impurity. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra help to confirm the particles have a tetragonal crystal structure. The crystals also exhibit size- and facet-dependent bandgap shifts. BaTiO3 octahedra show larger piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and pyroelectric effects than truncated cubes and cubes. The measured dielectric constant differences should be associated with their various facet-dependent behaviors. Piezoelectric nanogenerators fabricated from BaTiO3 octahedra consistently show the best performance than those containing truncated cubes and cubes. In particular, a nanogenerator with 30 wt.%-incorporated octahedra displays an open-circuit voltage of 23 V and short-circuit current of 324 nA. The device performance is also highly stable. The maximum output power reaches 3.9 µW at 60 MΩ. The fabricated nanogenerator can provide sufficient electricity to power light-emitting diodes. This work further demonstrates that various physical properties of semiconductor crystals show surface dependence. © 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Piezoelectricity

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