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Climate Change Management Strategies to Handle and Cope with Extreme Weather and Climate Events

Journal of Geographical Research 2020年第4期3卷 22-28页

作者： Safieh Javadinejad Rebwar Dara Forough Jafary Neda dolatabadi PhD in Water Resource Engineering University of TehranTehranIran PhD in Hydrogeology University of BirminghamEdgbaston St.B152TTUK PhD in water resource management University of BirminghamEdgbaston St.B152TTUK Master of Science in Structural and Environmental Engineering University of TehranIran

Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases causes rising in globalwarming and carbon dioxide emissions. With further efforts to reducecarbon dioxide, it is possible to prevent the warming of the earth, but theeffects of climate change that we have already created can not be *** observed and predicted alterations in the global climate require adouble policy to react to the decline in climate alteration and its adjustment(coexistence) to explain the key factors and their effects. Measuresto reduce climate alteration through decreasing greenhouse gas releasesor removing them from the atmosphere are possible. Execution of morereduction measures at the present time will require less adaptation in thefuture. Meanwhile, inadequate measures to curb climate change presentlyincrease the risk of catastrophic consequences, so that adjustment costs willrise unreasonably and adaptive capacity will face further constraints. Climatechange adaptation measures concentrate in increasing our capabilityto deal with or prevent damaging effects or the use of new *** temperature and changes visible today due to climate changemean that adaptation strategies should be applied. In this paper, strategiesfor reducing climate change and adaptation are reviewed and various strategiesare presented. Meanwhile, this paper looks at the economies affectedby climate change, our involvement to climate alteration, and the ways inwhich the economy has influenced climate change and the ways in which itcan provide logical options.

关键词： Climate change Management Strategy Extreme events

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Determination and numerical simulation for HJC constitutive model parameters of Jinping marble

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2021年第3期861卷

作者： C D Lou R Zhang L Ren J F Zhou Y Peng Z T Zhang College of Water Resource & Hydropower Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China Tel: +86-*** State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics & Mountain River Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China Tel: +86-*** PhD Associate Professor MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science & Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China Tel: +86-*** Tel: +86-*** Yalong River Hydropower Development Co. Ltd Chengdu 610051 China

Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive model has been widely used in dynamic response analysis of concrete-like materials under impact and explosion. Based on the available data from uniaxial compression tests, triaxial compression tests, Brazilian splitting tests as well as SHPB experiments of 2400 m deep Jinping marble, a set of HJC model parameters suitable for high strength brittle marble were determined. Then, on the basis of one-dimensional static dynamic combined SHPB experiments, the numerical simulation of one-dimensional static dynamic combined SHPB experiments of Jinping marble were carried out by LS-DYNA software. Comparing the experimental and numerical simulation results, the rationality of the model parameters was verified. The numerical simulation results show that: from the perspective of stress-strain curve, the numerical simulation curve is consistent with the experimental curve, and the deviation of peak strength is less than 5%; from the perspective of damage evolution, the marble in the one-dimensional static and dynamic combined SHPB experiments are mainly tensile splitting failure. With the increase of prestress, the more serious the crack expansion and internal damage, the more broken the rock interior. Finally, the sensitivity of each parameter in the model is quantitatively calculated, and the high-sensitivity parameters are G, B, fc, Smax, μc and K1, which should be accurately obtained based on experiments.

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Gas Mitigation in Paper Production

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2017年第1期78卷

作者： AS Santos C Bittencourt Graduated in the Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Area by the Universitary Center of the Metropolitan University Faculties - FMU. 06/2017. Technique Work Safety by SENAC - SP 2011. PhD student at the Energy and Nuclear Research Institute of the University of São Paulo (IPEN / USP). Specialist in Environmental Pollution Control Engineering at the Faculty of Public Health (FSP / USP) postgraduate degree in Sewage Treatment by TUHH Hamburg / Germany graduated in Chemical Engineering - Faculties Oswaldo Cruz (1992). She is currently a professor of Graduate and Undergraduate courses at Universitary Center of the Metropolitan University Faculties – FMU and an engineer at the Basic Sanitation Company of the State of São Paulo working on the regulation of the sanitation and service sector of the secretariat. Author of the book Water Treatment and Effluents: Fundamentals of environmental sanitation and water resource management and the book Regulatory Agencies in Brazil.

The Brazilian paper industry has competitive advantages offered by the favorable climate, which favors an increase in the yield of forest restoration, and consequently, in the productive process. On the other hand, following the greenhouse gases (GHG), we can see our constantly changing sun, causing the solar storms, allowing their prevention or mitigating measures. The objective of this work is to contribute to the construction of the understanding necessary for the reduction of GHG emission from a preliminary analysis of the pulp and paper sector. As a secondary objective, the text preliminarily analyzes a company's behavior against the backdrop of the Paris Accord, which strengthens the global response to the threat of climate change and strengthens the capacity of countries to deal with the impacts of such changes. The identification of best practices in the pulp and paper industry is understood, focusing on environmental sustainability, such as the adoption of reforestation, obtaining significant results. In the case of the paper industry, the management of public forests for sustainable production, within the structure of the Ministry of the Environment, establishes the promotion of public awareness about the importance of conservation, recovery and sustainable management of forest resources.

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Development of a hydrokinetic device for the generation of electricity suitable for low – speeds Hidropólio ®

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2010年第1期12卷

作者： G L T Filho F das G B da Silva R M Barros L M Guimarães B O P e Silva Mechanical Engineer Doctor in the area of Hydraulics USP and Masters in Mechanical Engineering in the area of Flow Machines Director and PhD Federal University of Itajubá – UNIFEI Av. BPS 1303 Itajubá-MG CEP: 37500-903 Coordinator – Center for Modeling and Simulation of Environment and Water Resource Systems Natural Resources Institute- IRN Federal University of Itajubá – UNIFEI Av. BPS 1303 CEP:37500-903 Pinheirinho Civil Engineer PhD and Masters from PPG-SHS/EESC/USP PhD. Professor – IRN/Federal University of Itajubá –UNIFEI Av.BPS1303Itajubá-MGCEP:37500-903 Mechatronics Technician from Colégio de Itajubá Graduating in Physics from Federal University of Itajubá – UNIFEI Av. BPS 1303 CEP:37500-903 Pinheirinho MG Mechanical Engineer from Federal University of Itajubá – UNIFEI Av BPS 1303 CEP:37500-903 Pinheirinho MG

The difficulty of exploiting energy without damaging the environment is a highly discussed topic. The lack of energy (electricity) is actually an issue of nature preservation and it is also an obstacle. One solution to these problems is renewable energy, which affects the environment less. However, these energies are sometimes infeasible due to its high costs, by the potential energy generated that in most cases is not sufficient enough to enable them economically. However, there are some of them that have an acceptable power generation, as is in the case of hydrokinetic energy. There are many ways of taking advantage of this type of energy, some of them costly, some very complex and others still in development and/or unprecedented as is the case with 'Hidropólio'®, presented in this article. This article describes the equipment and its operating principle and also presents the results obtained in laboratory tests at the National Center of References of SHPs – CERPCH (Centro Nacional de Referências em Pequenas Centrais Hidrelétricas- CERPCH) at the Federal University of Itajubá – UNIFEI, whose results proved quite promising, mainly for use in sections of shallow river and low speeds.

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APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC LOGGING TO CONTAMINATION INVESTIGATIONS IN GLACIAL SAND-AND-GRAVEL AQUIFERS

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GROUND water MONITORING AND REMEDIATION 1993年第3期13卷 129-138页

作者： WILLIAMS, JH LAPHAM, WW BARRINGER, TH John H. Williams received an M.S. in geology from Penn State University in 1980 and has worked for the U.S. Geological Survey since that time. He currently is the ground water specialist for the New York District (P.O. Box 1669 Albany NY 12201) and the borehole geophysics specialist for the Northeastern Region. He is also an instructor for the National Ground Water Association course on aquifer test methods. His primary interest is the application of borehole geophysics to ground water studies. Wayne W. Lapham has been employed as a hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey since 1976. He currently works for USGS as a ground water specialist for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (MS 413 Reston VA 22092). He received a B.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Northeastern University in 1969 an M.S. in geology from the University of Massachusetts in 1975 and a Ph.D. in hydrology from the University of Arizona in 1988. He has been involved with various aspects of ground water hydrology including resource appraisal and ground water modeling. Thomas H. Barringer is the statistical methods specialist for the New Jersey District of the U.S. Geological Survey (810 Bear Tavern Rd West Trenton NJ 08628). His interests include spatial statistics and the application of statistical methods to hydrological problems. He has a joint M.S. in regional planning and regional science and a PhD. in regional science from the University of Pennsylvania.

Electromagnetic (EM) logging provides an efficient method for high-resolution, vertical delineation of electrically conductive contamination in glacial sand-and-gravel aquifers. EM, gamma, and lithologic logs and specific conductance data from sand-and-gravel aquifers at five sites in the northeastern United States were analyzed to define the relation of EM conductivity to aquifer lithology and water quality. Municipal waste disposal, septic waste discharge, or highway deicing salt application at these sites has caused contaminant plumes in which the dissolved solids concentration and specific conductance of ground water exceed background levels by as much as 10 to 20 times. The major hydrogeologic factors that affected EM log response at the five sites were the dissolved solids concentration of the ground water and the silt and clay content in the aquifer. EM conductivity of sand and gravel with uncontaminated water ranged from less than 5 to about 10 millisiemens per meter (mS/m);that of silt and clay zones ranged from about 15 to 45 mS/m;and that of the more highly contaminated zones in sand and gravel ranged from about 10 to more than 80 mS/m. Specific conductance of water samples from screened intervals in sand and gravel at selected monitoring well installations was significantly correlated with EM conductivity. EM logging can be used in glacial sand-and-gravel aquifer investigations to (1) determine optimum depths for the placement of monitoring well screens;(2) provide a nearly continuous vertical profile of specific conductance to complement depth-specific water quality samples;and (3) identify temporal changes in water quality through sequential logging. Detailed lithologic or gamma logs, preferably both, need to be collected along with the EM logs to define zones in which elevated EM conductivity is caused by the presence of silt and clay beds rather than contamination.

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