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Toward full public E-service environment in developing countries

World Academy of Science, engineering and Technology 2010年 66卷 618-622页

作者： Hassan, H.S. Shehab, E. Peppard, J. PhD student in Decision Engineering Centre School of Applied Sciences Cranfield University Cranfield Bedford MK43 0AL United Kingdom Senior Lecturer and Course Director in Decision Engineering Centre School of Applied Sciences Cranfield University Cranfield Bedford MK43 0AL United Kingdom Professor of Information Systems and Director of the IT Leadership Program School of Management Cranfield University Cranfield Bedford MK43 0AL United Kingdom

Changing technology and increased constituent demand for government services derive the need for governmental responsiveness. The government organisations in the developing countries will be under increased pressure to change their bureaucratic systems to be able to respond rapidly to changing and increasing requirements and rapid technology advancements. This paper aims to present a conceptual framework for explaining the main barriers and drivers of public E-service development. Therefore, the framework provides a basic context within which the process and practice of E-Service can be implemented successfully in the public sector organisations. The framework is flexible enough to be adopted by governments at different levels;national or local by developing countries around the world.

关键词： Developing countries

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Building Better: GSA's National 3D‐4D‐BIM program

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Design Management Review 2010年第1期20卷

作者： Peggy Ho Charles Matta GSA National BIM Program PhD Candidate Stanford Center for Integrated Facility Engineering (CIFE) Federal Buildings and Modernizations in the Public Buildings Service US General Services Administration

Leaders in harnessing this innovative digital tool for architectural design and facilities management, Peggy Ho and Charles Matta review how the US General Services Administration developed BIM guidance to measure and validate the allocation of space, share building information with designers and contractors, evaluate energy‐efficiency and sustainability strategies, and test alternative schemes for interior circulation.

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The role of gender in belonging and sense of community

The role of gender in belonging and sense of community

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39th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference: Imagining and engineering Future CSET Education, FIE 2009

作者： Kissinger, Jeff Campbell, Ryan C. Lombrozo, Aaron Wilson, Denise Department of Electrcial Engineering University of Washington United States Individual PhD Program Graduate School University of Washington United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424447152

This paper reports differences in belonging and connection to various levels of community between distinctly different technical fields: electrical engineering, civil & environmental engineering, and computer science. Established (reliable and validated) constructs have been used to assess community strength in these three fields at a major research university. The results emphasize gender differences within fields and between technical fields. Belonging (and sense of community) has been implicated in drop-out rates and lack of engagement in grades K-12;likewise, isolation (lack of belonging) has been cited as a persistent reason that female undergraduates leave engineering early in their programs. Our results show that sense of belonging (and connection to community) is consistently higher for women in engineering fields where women are present in higher numbers. In addition, these important affective constructs are higher overall in fields where women are more highly represented. These results may suggest that greater numbers of women enable a stronger sense of community or alternatively, the inherent nature of the field provides increased opportunity for belonging and developing a strong sense of community. In either case, related technical fields with stronger community can serve as role models for those that demonstrate less robust connection to community in helping these fields to improve their recruitment and retention of women. ©2009 IEEE.

关键词： Professional aspects

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Availability and reliability assessment of industrial complex systems: A practical view applied on a bioethanol plant simulation

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作者： González, V. Parra, C. Gómez, J.F. Crespo, A. De León, P. Moreu Industrial Management PhD Program School of Engineering University of Seville Spain Industrial Management School of Engineering University of Seville Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780415485135

This paper shows a practical view about the behaviour of an industrial assembly in order to assess its availability and reliability. For that intention it will be used such a complex system like a Bioethanol Plant. A computerized model will help to create a realistic scenario of the Bioethanol Plant Life Cycle, obtaining an estimation of the most important performance measures through real data and statistic inference. By this way, it will be possible to compare and discuss the profit of different plant configurations using the model and following the initial technical specifications. Basically, the Bioethanol Plant will be divided for that purposes in functional blocks, defining their tasks and features, as well as their dependencies according to the plant configuration. Additionally, maintenance information and data bases will be required for the defined functional blocks. Once these data have been compiled and using any commercial software, it will be possible to carry out a model of the plant and to simulate scenarios and experiments for each considered configuration. Parameters about availability and reliability will be obtained for the most important functions, following different plant configurations. From their interpretation, it will be interesting to consider actions that improve the availability and reliability of the system under different plant functional requirements. Among other important aspects, it will be researchable as well a sensitive analysis, i.e., the exploring on how parameters modifications have influence on the result or final goal. © Taylor & Francis Group, London.© 2009 Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Availability

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Outsourcing maintenance in services providers

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作者： Gómez, J.F. Parra, C. González, V. Crespo, A. De León, P. Moreu Industrial Management PhD Program School of Engineering University of Seville Spain Industrial Management School of Engineering University of Seville Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9780415485135

This paper presents a framework about management in maintenance outsourcing in a service provider company. It proposes key aspects for taking decisions in a well-established and controlled organization. Cost is not the most important aspect to consider in outsourcing, the decision has to be a global and strategic idea inside the company. Of course, not only the directors must take part, but also the technical personnel of maintenance. We are trying to offer a basic guide to establish an outsourcing service, with guidelines and possible evolution. It is based on a practical view of knowledge management over ten years of professional experience focused in networks. Below there is a case study which demonstrates a methodology for decision-making and shows how to optimize the organization without losing differing levels of knowledge. For this, we employ quantitative and qualitative criteria to obtain a wide consensus and acceptance. © Taylor & Francis Group, London.© 2009 Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： Outsourcing

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Synthesis of zinc ferrite for thermochemical water-splitting

Synthesis of zinc ferrite for thermochemical water-splitting

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2009 AIChE Annual Meeting, 09AIChE

作者： Opoku, Michael Groven, Lori Shende, Rajesh Puszynski, Jan A. Chemical and Biological Engineering Department South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD United States Nanoscience and Nanoengineering PhD Program South Dakota School of Mines and Technology Rapid City SD United States

Two methods have been employed to synthesize zinc ferrite materials using metal precursors (nitrates) and various carbonaceous fuels (sucrose, urea, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) dissolved in de-ionized water. In the first method, preheating of the metal precursor-fuel solution was conducted on a hot plate at 300°C or in a microwave furnace depending on the nature of the precursors. This heating technique provided fast vaporization of water followed by self-ignition of reactants. In the second method, the metal precursor-fuel solution was slowly evaporated at 50°C and later heated in a muffle furnace up to 650°C in air at a rate of 20 °C/min for nitrate decomposition in the presence of a carbonaceous fuel. While the former method resulted in amorphous oxide materials or multiple phases, the latter method led to the formation of a crystalline material in the form of nano-particles consisting mainly of a desired spinel ZnFe2O4 phase. Average crystallite sizes of synthesized ferrites calculated by the Scherrer's equation from X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks were in the range of 14-32nm, which agreed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of doped ferrites revealed that these nanocrystals are in the form of agglomerates. The specific surface area of the doped ferrites was found to be dependent on the synthesis method and a type of fuel used.

关键词： Scanning electron microscopy

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Sustainability appraisal of used vehicle trade policy options in sub-Saharan African countries

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Environmentalist 2009年第4期29卷 360-370页

作者： Kehbila, Anderson Gwanyebit Ertel, Jürgen Brent, Alan Colin Environmental and Resource Management PhD Program Department of Industrial Sustainability Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Germany Department of Industrial Sustainability Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Germany Chair of Life Cycle Engineering Graduate School of Technology Management University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa

This paper examines the structure of contemporary vehicle mitigation commitments after lead gasoline phase out in sub-Sahara Africa. First, this paper reviews some of the leading domestic trade policy proposals (emission reduction actions) with regard to their expected technology impacts. Next, it assesses the options based on establishing benchmarks for measuring policy performance in curbing vehicle emissions simultaneously with core sustainable development priorities. Assessing these options identifies the key variables in designing mitigation commitments, offers criteria for evaluating different approaches and discusses the implications of the leading alternatives. This paper argues that a more pronounced dilemma of synergies exists between vehicle emissions reduction and core development concerns as the major players target emissions too narrowly. Finally, this paper sheds more light on strategies that could be employed simultaneously at the regional and domestic levels to enhance sustainable development as trade continues to grow and evolve. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2008.

关键词： Clean air initiative Criteria analysis Sub-Sahara Africa Sustainability appraisal Trade policy Vehicle emissions

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REVIEW ARTICLE: Melatonin plus exercise-based neurorehabilitative therapy for spinal cord injury

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Journal of Pineal Research 2010年第3期49卷

作者： Yonggeun Hong K. J. Palaksha Kanghui Park Sookyoung Park Hyun-Dong Kim Russel J. Reiter Kyu-Tae Chang Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disease Center Department of Rehabilitation Science in Interdisciplinary PhD Program College of Biomedical Science & Engineering Inje University Gimhae National Primate Research Center (NPRC) Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Ochang Department of PM & R. (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation) College of Medicine Inje University Busan Korea Department of Cellular & Structural Biology The UT Health Science Center San Antonio TX USA

Abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord caused by the trauma or disease that results in compromised or loss of body function. Subsequent to SCI in humans, many individuals have residual motor and sensory deficits that impair functional performance and quality of life. The available treatments for SCI are rehabilitation therapy, activity-based therapies, and pharmacological treatment using antioxidants and their agonists. Among pharmacological treatments, the most efficient and commonly used antioxidant for experimental SCI treatment is melatonin, an indolamine secreted by pineal gland at night. Melatonin’s receptor-independent free radical scavenging action and its broad-spectrum antioxidant activity makes it an ideal antioxidant to protect tissue from oxidative stress-induced secondary damage after SCI. Owing to the limitations of an activity-based therapy and antioxidant treatment singly on the functional recovery and oxidative stress-induced secondary damages after SCI, a melatonin plus exercise treatment may be a more effective therapy for SCI. As suggested herein, supplementation with melatonin in conjunction with exercise not only would improve the functional recovery by enhancing the beneficial effects of exercise but would reduce the secondary tissue damage simultaneously. Finally, melatonin may protect against exercise-induced fatigue and impairments. In this review, based on the documented evidence regarding the beneficial effects of melatonin, activity-based therapy and the combination of both on functional recovery, as well as reduction of secondary damage caused by oxidative stress after SCI, we suggest the melatonin combined with exercise would be a novel neurorehabilitative strategy for the faster recovery after SCI.

关键词： animal model exercise melatonin rehabilitation secondary/oxidative damage spinal cord injury

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SmartPad: A wireless, adhesive-electrode-free, autonomous ECG acquisition system

SmartPad: A wireless, adhesive-electrode-free, autonomous EC...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Fred Chen Henry Wu Pei-Lan Hsu Brad Stronger Robert Sheridan Hongshen Ma PhD Program in Electrical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Masters Program in Electrical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA USA Shriners Hospital Children Boston Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA

During medical procedures, such as surgery, a patient's vital signs are typically monitored using a web of wires connected to adhesive electrodes. The large number of wires inhibits the medical team's access to the patient while the adhesive electrodes can detach, fail, or be out-of-stock, causing delays in the procedure. In order to combat these problems, we have developed the SmartPad: a system that displays a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) signal without adhesive pads, wires, or active intervention from a clinician. The system automatically selects three electrodes from an array of Cu/Ni-fabric based electrodes patterned on a thin pad on which the patient lies. The selected electrodes are used to provide a differential 3-lead measurement of the patient's ECG, which is then transmitted wirelessly and displayed on a laptop computer.

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Orbital motion of electrically charged spheres in microgravity

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Physics Teacher 2008年第8期46卷 460-464页

作者： Banerjee, Shubho Andring, Kevin Campbell, Desmond Janeski, John Keedy, Daniel Quinn, Sean Hoffmeister, Brent Department of Physics Rhodes College 2000 North Parkway Memphis 38112 TN United States Department of Physics University of Memphis 37 S. Alicia Drive Memphis 38112 TN United States Department of Aerospace Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute State University 0302 Campbell Main Blacksburg 24060-0003 VA United States Dual Degree Engineering program Washington University in St. Louis 7553 Parkdale Ave. Apartment 3E St. Louis 63105 MO United States Fisk-Vanderbilt Masters-PhD program in physics 3723 Stevens Lane Nashville 37218 TN United States Duke University 3090-F Colony Road Durham 27705 NC United States

The similar mathematical forms of Coulomb's law and Newton's law of gravitation suggest that two uniformly charged spheres should be able to orbit each other just as two uniform spheres of mass are known to do. In this paper we describe an experiment that we performed to demonstrate such an orbit. This is the first published account of a successful orbit using electrostatic forces. © 2008 American Association of Physics Teachers.

关键词： Energy Physics Motion Science Instruction Mathematics Science Experiments Scientific Principles

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