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A Combined Index of Proactive and Reactive Data for Rating the Safety of Road Sections

Iranian Journal of Science and Technology - Transactions of civil engineering 2024年第1期49卷 985-995页

作者： AsadAmraji, Morteza Salem, Azarakhsh Shirinbayan, Shila Department of Geotechnics and Transportation Faculty of Civil Engineering Water and Environment Shahid Beheshti University Tehran *** Iran PhD Student of Transportation Engineering TU Delft Univercity Delft Netherlands M.Sc. of Transportation Engineering Student Faculty of Civil Water and Environmental Engineering Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran

There are two main methods for reducing the number of road accident fatalities and damages: proactive statistics and reactive statistics. The segments under consideration do not necessarily have the same level of safety risk and should be prioritized based on safety and budget expertise. Using six proactive and reactive criteria, this study presents a new index for ranking segments of a suburban road in terms of safety, namely accidents, roadside conditions, vertical signs, road markings, pavement conditions, and access density. In this study, a hierarchical analysis, a hybrid indicator of combinative distance-based assessment/evaluation based on distance from average solution, and simple weighted models were applied in addition to safety audit and accident index. The Sanandaj-Kermanshah road was selected as a case study for implementing the model. The road was chosen because of its high traffic, importance, and accident rate. In determining the safety risk of segments, accident severity index and access density were the most important factors. Due to the consideration of two steps to verify the prioritization, the CODAS model received the highest weight in the composite indicator. In suburban roads, the proposed index could be used to prioritize budget allocations for road safety. The innovation of this study is the use of a hierarchical and hybrid indicator for proactive data (obtained from safety audits) and reactive data (obtained from accidents). Also, in past studies, they have not examined the combination of proactive and reactive data. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Shiraz University 2024.

关键词： Prioritization index Safety risk Suburban roads

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Complementary Use of CFRP U-Wraps as Supplemental Shear Reinforcement and Anchorage in Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with Flexural Externally Bonded CFRP Sheets

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Procedia Structural Integrity 2024年 64卷 1540-1548页

作者： Muhammad Ishfaq Ravi Kanitkar Kent A. Harries Jovan Tatar PhD Student Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Delaware P.O. Box 19716 Delaware USA Principal KL Structures Austin Texas USA Professor Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh P.O. Box 15260 PA USA Associate Professor Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Delaware P.O. Box 19716 Delaware USA

This research explores complementary shear strengthening and anchorage effects of CFRP U-wraps on reinforced concrete beams strengthened in flexure using externally bonded CFRP sheets. Through experimental testing of large-scale beams, the research aims to enhance the understanding of how the dual strengthening and anchorage functions of U-wraps interact and contribute to the overall structural performance of flexurally-strengthened beams. The specimens were divided into three groups based on existing steel shear reinforcement ratio; each was strengthened with different configurations of U-wraps and fiber anchors. This paper reports the results of twelve beams tested to date. The test matrix is designed in a way that evaluates the conditions under which shear-controlled beams transition to flexure-controlled failure modes, allowing for the evaluation of the dual contribution (i.e., shear strengthening and anchorage) of U-wraps. Based on the initial results, U-wraps increased shear strength by 76% in shear-deficient beams while, at the same time, increasing the strain utilization of flexural CFRP sheets in flexure-controlled specimens by up to 118% over the ACI 440.2-prescribed debonding strain. The addition of U-wraps also shifted the failure mode of flexural CFRP sheet from intermediate crack (IC) debonding to U-wrap rupture or U-wrap debonding.

关键词： shear failure anchorage experimental study external CFRP reinforcement

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Research on the application of perfect recycled aggregate concrete for pavement materials

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Transportation Research Procedia 2025年 85卷 60-67页

作者： Ryuzo kamishita Yasuhiro Dosho Thi Phuong Dao PhD Student at Division of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering Meijo University 1-501 Shiogamaguchi Tenpaku Ward 468-8502 Nagoya City Japan Professor Department of Environmental Technology Meijo University 1-501 Shiogamaguchi Tenpaku Ward Nagoya City468-8502 Japan Technical Laboratory Kajimaroad Co. Ltd 2600 Takayanagi Kuki City 349-1125 Saitama Japan

Social concern regarding the environment has recently been increasing, and efforts are being made to reduce industrial waste and promote the effective utilization of construction waste. However, considering the discrepancy between the demand and supply of concrete waste, exploring new avenues for its utilization is crucial. In this study, we developed the perfect recycled aggregate concrete composed entirely using by-products and tested its production in a ready-mixed concrete plant for application to pavements. This is the first attempt of its kind in Japan. The results showed that concrete composed of by-products can be shipped and manufactured in actual plants by properly controlling the water absorption of recycled aggregates and establishing an appropriate mix proportion. This study confirmed the applicability of Japan’s first pavement material made exclusively using by-products of the constituent materials.

关键词： Perfect recycled aggregate concrete by-products ready-mixed concrete

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Accurate Structural Cracks Detection using NestedUNet from Drone and Handheld Camera Images

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KSCE Journal of civil engineering 2025年

作者： Safran Khan Abdullah Jan Keonwon Seo PhD Student Major in Civil Engineering Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Utah State University Old Main Hill Logan USA. PhD Student Major in Civil Engineering School of Architectural Civil Environmental and Energy Engineering Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea Professor Major in Civil Engineering School of Architectural Civil Environmental and Energy Engineering Kyungpook National University Daegu Republic of Korea

Crack detection has been significant in structural health monitoring and maintenance of concrete facilities. Many efforts have been made to automate the crack detection process using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, many previous CNN architectures and datasets have limitations that require improvements to reduce training time, GPU requirements, and model generalization capabilities. To mitigate these problems, we have developed a new dataset with different types of complex cracks utilizing a handheld camera and drone in different light, environmental conditions, and varying backgrounds. At the same time, we presented an enhanced CNN encoder-decoder architecture that achieves crack segmentation with higher accuracy with fewer parameters. To cope with spatial information loss effectively, we used nested skip connections in the encoder part, along with the EfficientNet-B7 encoder, for speed, accuracy enhancement, and parameter minimization. In the decoder part, residual convolution blocks are employed to alleviate the vanishing gradient problem and aid spatial information recovery. In addition, we added the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) within our architecture to enhance feature extraction by emphasizing crack details over the background. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method achieves a 96.15% accuracy, 85.78% precision, 82.23% recall, and 84.00% F1-score on our custom dataset. Comparisons with other models show that our model outperforms them on all evaluation matrices while having fewer parameters.

关键词： Crack detection Deep learning CNN Segmentation lightweight network CBAM attention Nested skip connections Efficient Net

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Closure to“Effect of inflow conditions on the free-surface properties of hydraulic jumps” by S. FELDER, L. MONTANO, H. CUI, W. PEIRSON, and M. KRAMER,J. Hydraulic Res. 59(6), 2021, 1004–1017, https://***/10.1080/00221686.2020.1866692

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Journal of Hydraulic Research 2023年第6期61卷 923-925页

作者： Stefan Felder Laura Montano Hanwen Cui Matthias Kramer a (IAHR Member) Associate Professor UNSW Sydney Water Research Laboratory School of Civil and Environmental Engineering 110 King St Manly Vale NSW 2093 Australia b (IAHR Member) Project Engineer UNSW Sydney Water Research Laboratory School of Civil and Environmental Engineering 110 King St Manly Vale NSW 2093 Australia Email: l.montano@wrl.unsw.edu.au c PhD student UNSW Canberra School of Engineering and Information Technology Campbell ACT 2600 Australiaformerly Honours student at UNSW Sydney Water Research Laboratory School of Civil and Environmental Engineering 110 King St Manly Vale NSW 2093 Australia Email: hanwen.cui@adfa.edu.au d (IAHR Member) Senior Lecturer UNSW Canberra School of Engineering and Information Technology (SEIT) Campbell ACT 2600 Australia Email: m.kramer@adfa.edu.au

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Utilization of UV-A and UV-C radiation in advanced oxidation processes with the intention of removing color and organic matter from the gross leachate of a stabilized sanitary landfill

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environmental Quality Management 2020年第3期29卷 43-49页

作者： Pereira, Samara Teixeira Rocha, Elisângela Maria Rodrigues da Silva, Elson Santos da Silva, Giulia Beatriz Mota Alves, Maria Luisa Palitot Remigio PhD student in Civil and Environmental Engineering Technology Center Federal University of Paraíba UFPB João Pessoa Brazil PhD in Civil Engineering and Environmental Sanitation Technology Center Federal University of Ceará UFC Fortaleza Brazil Master in Renewable Energies Center of Renewable Energies Federal University of Paraíba UFPB João Pessoa Brazil Students in Environmental Engineering Technology Center Federal University of Paraíba UFPB João Pessoa Brazil

The present work investigated color and biochemical oxygen demand (COD) removal from treated landfill leachate via advanced oxidative processes (AOPs) artificially emitted. The AOP H₂O₂/UV, TiO₂/UV, and photolysis were tested in two bench-scale photoreactors: The first one with UV-C lamp and the other with UV-A lamp associated or not with coagulation / flocculation pretreatment. Crude leachate samples with pH ranging from 8 to 3 were used, and time varied in 30, 45, and 60 minutes. Experiments were performed in two stages: step 1 with a 20 mL volume from each sample and step 2 with repetition of the best results from the previous step, adopting the 150 mL volume. In step 1, the AOP applied in the crude leachate sample showed the best results, standing out H₂O₂/UV-C with 30 minutes and TiO₂/UV-A with 60 minutes. In step 2, H₂O₂/UV-C had a 60% color removal and 25% COD reduction, while TiO₂/UV-A had a 10% color removal and 20% COD reduction. Therefore, the H₂O₂/UV-C process was the most efficient, because the complex characteristics of the effluent interfered in the TiO₂/UV-A efficiency, but it is necessary to eliminate the process interferences. The use of artificial radiation is a viable alternative;however, it can be costly, being relevant in the associations between processes with artificial UV and solar UV, as the natural radiation becomes more attractive and allows the process operating costs reduction. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： advanced oxidative processes artificial radiation color and COD removal sanitary landfill leachate

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2D-HASAP: Two-Dimensional Heading-Aided Single-Anchor Positioning via Hidden Markov Model Map-Matching

2D-HASAP: Two-Dimensional Heading-Aided Single-Anchor Positi...

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International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI)

作者： Serkan Zobar Mehmet Çiydem Özgül Salor Charles K. Toth Alper Yilmaz Defence Systems Technologies Business Sector Aselsan Inc. 06200 Ankara Turkey PhD student at the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Gazi University 06570 Ankara Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Gazi University 06570 Ankara Turkey Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University 720044 Bishkek Kyrgyzstan Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

This paper proposes a two-dimensonal positioning method based on a hidden Markov model map-matching scheme. The states of the hidden Markov model are generated by dividing the area of interest into a grid. At each time instant, the method considers two types of measurements: the platform’s heading and the two-dimensional distance between the platform and the single-anchor. A recursive Bayesian estimator exploits these measurements to estimate the platform’s position. The platform’s heading measurement is used to calculate the prior probability distribution. Following this, observation likelihood is computed by considering the two-dimensional distance measurement as the observation of the hidden Markov model. Finally, the most probable projection of these measurements on the states of the hidden Markov model is estimated as the platform’s position. The proposed method can be efficiently used, especially in constrained indoor and outdoor environments. Moreover, the method provides a two-dimensional positioning solution with an increased robustness thanks to the bounded error on the distance measurements. Simulation studies are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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The environmental challenges of urban living: Why willingness to pay for apartments matters

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environmental Challenges 2023年 13卷

作者： Tehupeiory, Aarce Mulyana, Rachmat Sianipar, Imelda Masni Juniaty Suryawan, I Wayan Koko Septiariva, Iva Yenis Prayogo, Wisnu Doctor of Law Program Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta Cawang 13630 Indonesia Department of Building Engineering Education Universitas Negeri Medan Medan Indonesia PhD Student in Asia-Pacific Regional Studies College of Humanities and Social Sciences National Dong Hwa University Hualien 974 Taiwan Department of International Relations Faculty of Social Science and Political Science Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta 13630 Indonesia Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Infrastructure Planning Universitas Pertamina Jakarta 12220 Indonesia Civil Engineering Study Program Faculty of Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta 57126 Indonesia

This study aims to understand the willingness of urban communities in Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi) to move to apartment dwellings, and a study was conducted using a quantitative survey method. The study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic factors influencing the decision to switch to vertical housing. The survey collected data from a sample of individuals representing the entire population in Jabodetabek. The participants in the study were selected from various locations within Jabodetabek, including Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. These areas were chosen to comprehensively represent the metropolitan region and its urban communities. By including participants from different locations within Jabodetabek, the study aimed to capture individuals' diverse perspectives and experiences in this region. The survey covered a range of sociodemographic factors such as gender, income, education level, marital status, occupancy, and residence ownership. The participants were divided into two groups: those willing to pay for an apartment and those who wereilling to pay for an apartment and those not. By comparing the characteristics of these two groups, the study aimed to identify significant differences and understand the factors influencing the willingness to move to apartment dwellings. The study results showed significant differences in income level, education level, marital status, and occupancy between the two groups. Income level was the most significant factor affecting an individual's willingness to pay for an apartment. Additionally, the perception of better apartment productivity, which includes reduced transportation time and costs associated with work or other business purposes, increased the demand for apartments. The study found that income level was the most significant factor affecting an individual's willingness to pay for an apartment. The perception of better apartment productivity also increased demand for apartments,

关键词： Apartments Better productivity Jabodetabek Metropolitan cities Sociodemographics Willingness to Pay

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Blockchain-enabled cash flow management system in offsite construction projects

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Results in engineering 2025年 27卷

作者： Mohamed Assaf Tarek Zayed Mohamed Hussein Ghasan Alfalah PhD student Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2R3 AB Canada Professor Department of Building and Real Estate The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR PhD Graduate Department of Building and Real Estate The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong SAR Lecturer Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering Assiut University Assiut 71511 Egypt Associate Professor Department of Architecture and Building Science College of Architecture and Planning King Saud University Riyadh 145111 Saudi Arabia

Offsite construction (OSC) technology provides substantial merits over traditional methods, such as shorter schedules and reduced waste. Nonetheless, its implementation is constantly hindered by financial barriers. Existing studies on overcoming OSC financial barriers were limited to cost estimation and factorial analysis. At the same time, the need for a cash flow system to automate progress payments and integrate OSC participants persists. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by proposing a cash flow management system for OSC projects based on blockchain and building information modeling technologies. The proposed system supports many features, including automated financial transactions, flexibility in applying various procurement systems, facilitation of possible claims (i.e., extension of time and liquidated damages), and secure and immutable recording of all transactions. A proof-of-concept method is used to showcase the applicability of the proposed system by developing five case scenarios. The findings prove the system's capabilities to provide a secure platform for financial transactions among OSC participants without third-party involvement.

关键词： Offsite construction Blockchain Smart contracts Hyperledger fabric Proof of concept

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Challenges of Implementing Green Procurement in Public Construction Projects in Malaysia

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and environmental Science 2020年第1期498卷

作者： Ahmed Tawfik Alqadami Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawawi Yani Rahmawati Wesam Alaloul A Faisal Alshalif PhD Student Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Malaysia Associate Professor Institute of Self Sustainable Building Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Malaysia Senior Lecturer Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Malaysia PhD Student Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia

Although the concept of green procurement is increasingly debated as an environmental policy instrument that considers the impact of procurement on the sustainability of project development, however, the concept in Malaysia is still in its infancy and facing various barriers and challenges to make a paradigm shift towards a greener approach. Therefore, this paper tends to determine the challenges that hinder green procurement implementation in building and infrastructure projects. This could pave the road to establish a transformation plan that could gradually overcome the current challenges in order to reach the desired level. The study is based on a survey conducted in the Malaysian construction industry at which 380 corporations were surveyed to determine their perspective on 28 pre-determined challenges and their degree of significance. A number of 142 were valid responses. Results revealed that there is an excellent consistency in the significance of the identified challenges. Reducing the use of natural resources and related waste, minimizing the high cost of eco- products, integrating quality environmental management into planning and operation and achieving the value of money are among the important challenges. Achieving financial, environmental and operational impact of green procurement performance are also significant challenges.

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