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Observation of flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

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Physical Review C 2023年第5期107卷 L051901-L051901页

作者： S. Acharya D. Adamová A. Adler G. Aglieri Rinella M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali Y. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt I. Altsybeev M. N. Anaam C. Andrei A. Andronic V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli C. Anuj N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser C. Arata S. Arcelli M. Aresti R. Arnaldi I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck S. Aziz M. D. Azmi A. Badalà Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung R. Bala A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis D. Banerjee Z. Banoo R. Barbera L. Barioglio M. Barlou G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch F. Baruffaldi N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova V. Belyaev G. Bencedi S. Beole A. Bercuci Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin M. A. Bhat B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi N. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková J. Biernat A. P. Bigot A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas N. Bize J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock T. Bodova A. Bogdanov S. Boi J. Bok L. Boldizsár A. Bolozdynya M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov H. Bossi E. Botta L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino O. Bugnon P. Buhler Z. Buthelezi J. B. Butt A. Bylinkin S. A. Bysiak M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo M. Carabas F. Carnesecchi R. Caron J. Castillo Castellanos F. Catalano C. Ceballos Sanchez I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Chapeland M. Chartier S. Chattopadhyay T. G. Chavez T. Cheng C. Cheshkov B. Cheynis V. Chibante Barroso D. D. Chinellato E. S. Chizzali J. Cho S. Cho P. Chochula P. Christakoglou C. H. Christensen P. Christiansen T Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Husinec-Řež Czech Republic Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik Frankfurt Germany European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico COMSATS University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy University of Houston Houston Texas United States Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California United States SUBATECH IMT Atlantique Nantes Université CNRS-IN2P3 Nantes France Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie Université Grenoble-Alpes C

This Letter reports on the first measurements of transverse momentum dependent flow angle Ψn and flow magnitude vn fluctuations determined using new four-particle correlators. The measurements are performed for various centralities in Pb–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN = 5.02 TeV with ALICE at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Both flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations are observed in the presented centrality ranges and are strongest in the most central collisions and for a transverse momentum pT>2GeV/c. Comparison with theoretical models, including iEBE-VISHNU, MUSIC, and AMPT, show that the measurements exhibit unique sensitivities to the initial state of heavy-ion collisions.

关键词： Hadron-hadron interactions Particle correlations & fluctuations Relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Manifold learning-based methods for analyzing single-cell RNA-sequencing data

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Current Opinion in Systems Biology 2018年 7卷 36-46页

作者： Moon, Kevin R. Stanley, Jay S. Burkhardt, Daniel van Dijk, David Wolf, Guy Krishnaswamy, Smita Department of Genetics Yale University New Haven CT United States Applied Mathematics Program Yale University New Haven CT United States Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Program Yale University New Haven CT United States Department of Computer Science Yale University New Haven CT United States

Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing technologies enable deep insights into cellular development, gene regulation, and phenotypic diversity by measuring gene expression for thousands of cells in a single experiment. While these technologies hold great potential for improving our understanding of cellular states and progression, they also pose new challenges and require advanced mathematical and algorithmic tools to extract underlying biological signals. In this review, we cover one of the most promising avenues of research into unlocking the potential of scRNA-seq data: the field of manifold learning, and the related manifold assumption in data analysis. Manifold learning provides a powerful structure for algorithmic approaches to process the data, extract its dynamics, and infer patterns in it. In particular, we cover manifold learning-based methods for denoising the data, revealing gene interactions, extracting pseudotime progressions with model fitting, visualizing the cellular state space via dimensionality reduction, and clustering the data. © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

关键词： Data mining Gene regulatory networks Imputation Manifold learning Pseudotime trends Single cell RNA sequencing

Convergence rate estimates for the low mach and alfvén number three-scale singular limit of compressible ideal magneto-hydrodynamics

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Cheng, Bin Ju, Qiangchang Schochet, Steve Department of Mathematics University of Surrey GuildfordGU2 7XH United Kingdom Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics P.O. Box 8009 Beijing100088 China School of Mathematical Sciences Tel-Aviv University Tel Aviv69978 Israel

Singular limits of the compressible ideal magneto-hydrodynamics equations at small Mach and Alfvén numbers are considered, in which those two parameters are allowed to tend to zero at different rates. After showing that solutions exist in a fixed time interval and developing explicit formulas for the limit system, convergence-rate estimates are obtained using an improvement of the uniform bounds shown previously by the authors, the time-integration method, and a detailed analysis of exact and approximate fast, intermediate, and slow *** Codes 35B25, 35L45, 35Q35, 76W05 Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetohydrodynamics

Suprathermal electrons from the anti-Stokes Langmuir decay instability cascade

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Feng, Qingsong Aboushelbaya, R. Mayr, M.W. Spiers, B.T. Paddock, R.W. Ouatu, I. Timmis, R. Wang, R.H.W. Cao, L.H. Liu, Z.J. Zheng, C.Y. He, X.T. Norreys, P.A. Department of Physics Atomic and Laser Physics sub-Department University of Oxford Clarendon Laboratory Parks Road OxfordOX1 3PU United Kingdom Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing100094 China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing100871 China John Adams Institute Denys Wilkinson Building OxfordOX1 3RH United Kingdom

The study of parametric instabilities has played a crucial role in understanding energy transfer to plasma and, with that, the development of key applications such as inertial confinement fusion. When the densities are between 0.108nc ne 0.138nc and the electron temperature is Te = 2.5 keV, anomalous hot electrons with kinetic energies above 100 keV are generated. Here, a new electron acceleration mechanism - the anti-Stokes Langmuir decay instability cascade of forward stimulated Raman scattering - is investigated. This mechanism not only explains anomalous energetic electron generation in indirectly driven inertial confinement fusion experiments (and, with that, future mitigation strategies for experiments on the National Ignition Facility), it also provides a new way of accelerating electrons to higher energy for applications such as novel X-ray sources. © 2019, CC BY.

关键词： Hot electrons

Overdamped dynamics of a brownian particle levitated in a Paul trap

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Conangla, Gerard P. Nwaigwe, Dwight Wehr, Jan Rica, Raúl A. ICFO Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques Mediterranean Technology Park CastelldefelsBarcelona08860 Spain Program in Applied Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721-0089 United States Department of Mathematics University of Arizona TucsonAZ85721-0089 United States Department of Applied Physics School of Sciences University of Granada Granada18071 Spain

We study the dynamics of the center of mass of a Brownian particle levitated in a Paul trap. We focus on the overdamped regime in the context of levitodynamics, comparing theory with our numerical simulations and experimental data from a nanoparticle in a Paul trap. We provide an exact analytical solution to the stochastic equation of motion, expressions for the standard deviation of the motion, and thermalization times by using the WKB method under two different limits. Finally, we prove the power spectral density of the motion can be approximated by that of an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and use the found expression to calibrate the motion of a trapped particle. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Equations of motion

Characterizing Observed Extra Mixing Trends in Red Giants using the Reduced Density Ratio from Thermohaline Models

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fraser, Adrian E. Joyce, Meridith Anders, Evan H. Tayar, Jamie Cantiello, Matteo Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences LASP University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Applied Mathematics Baskin School of Engineering University of California Santa CruzCA95064 United States Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Konkoly Observatory Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences Budapest Konkoly Th. M. út 15-17 H-1121 Hungary CSFK MTA Centre of Excellence Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17 BudapestH-1121 Hungary Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Drive BaltimoreMD21218 United States CIERA Northwestern University EvanstonIL60201 United States NASA Hubble United States Department of Astronomy University of Florida Bryant Space Science Center Stadium Road GainesvilleFL32611 United States Institute for Astronomy University of Hawai'i at Mānoa 2680 Woodlawn Drive HonoluluHI96822 United States Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New YorkNY10010 United States Department of Astrophysical Sciences Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States

Observations show an almost ubiquitous presence of extra mixing in low-mass upper giant branch stars. The most commonly invoked explanation for this is thermohaline mixing. One-dimensional stellar evolution models include various prescriptions for thermohaline mixing, but the use of observational data directly to discriminate between thermohaline prescriptions has thus far been limited. Here, we propose a new framework to facilitate direct comparison: Using carbon-to-nitrogen measurements from the SDSS-IV APOGEE survey as a probe of mixing and a fluid parameter known as the reduced density ratio from one-dimensional stellar evolution programs, we compare the observed amount of extra mixing on the upper giant branch to predicted trends from three-dimensional fluid dynamics simulations. Using this method, we are able to empirically constrain how mixing efficiency should vary with the reduced density ratio. We find the observed amount of extra mixing is strongly correlated with the reduced density ratio and that trends between reduced density ratio and fundamental stellar parameters are robust across choices for modeling prescription. We show that stars with available mixing data tend to have relatively low density ratios, which should inform the regimes selected for future simulation efforts. Finally, we show that there is increased mixing at low reduced density ratios, which is consistent with current hydrodynamical models of thermohaline mixing. The introduction of this framework sets a new standard for theoretical modeling efforts, as validation for not only the amount of extra mixing, but trends between the degree of extra mixing and fundamental stellar parameters is now possible. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Mixing

Commissioning and operation of the first high average power THz free electron laser in China 9

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Commissioning and operation of the first high average power ...

9th International Symposium on Ultrafast Phenomena and Terahertz Waves, ISUPTW 2018

作者： Li, Ming Yang, Xinfan Xu, Zhou Shu, Xiaojian Lu, Xiangyang Huang, Wenhui Wang, Hanbin Shen, Xuming Shan, Lijun Deng, Derong Xu, Yong Wu, Dai Xiao, Dexin Wang, Jianxin Luo, Xing Zhou, Kui Lao, Chenglong Li, Peng Lin, Sifen He, Tianhui Zhang, Peng Liu, Jie Institute of Applied Electronics China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang621900 China Sichuan Defense Science and Technology Industry Office Chengdu610051 China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing100094 China Institute of Heavy Ion Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing10084 China

ISBN: (纸本)9780960038084

China Academy of Engineering physics tera-hertz free electron laser (CAEP THz FEL, CTFEL) is the first THz FEL oscillator in China, which was jointly built by CAEP, Peking university and Tsinghua university. This THz FEL facility consists of a GaAs photocathode high-voltage DC gun, a superconducting RF linac, a planar undulator and a quasi-concentric optical resonator. The terahertz lasers frequency is continuous adjustable from 2 THz to 3 THz. The macro-pulse average power is more than 10 W and the micro-pulse power is more than 0.5 MW. © 2018 The Author(s).

关键词： Free electron lasers

Chemical Electron Tomography at Lower Dose and Higher Resolution

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Microscopy and Microanalysis 2024年第SUPPLEMENT_1期30卷

作者： Hovden, Robert Schwartz, Jonathan Sung, Suk Hyun Di, Zichao Wendy Jiang, Yi Manassa, Jason Pietryga, Jacob Qian, Yiwen Cho, Min Gee Rowell, Jonathan L Zheng, Huihuo Robinson, Richard D Gu, Junsi Kirilin, Alexey Rozeveld, Steve Ercius, Peter Scott, Mary Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Redwood City CA Rowland Institute at Harvard Cambridge MA. Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL Department of Materials Science and Engineering U.C. Berkeley Berkeley CA National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Berkeley CA Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY Argonne Leadership Computing Facility Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL Dow Chemical Co. Terneuzen Netherlands Dow Chemical Co. Midland MI

The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Probing the baryon content of SDSS DR15 galaxies with the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effects

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Physical Review D 2021年第4期104卷 043503-043503页

作者： E. M. Vavagiakis P. A. Gallardo V. Calafut S. Amodeo S. Aiola J. E. Austermann N. Battaglia E. S. Battistelli J. A. Beall R. Bean J. R. Bond E. Calabrese S. K. Choi N. F. Cothard M. J. Devlin C. J. Duell S. M. Duff A. J. Duivenvoorden J. Dunkley R. Dunner S. Ferraro Y. Guan J. C. Hill G. C. Hilton M. Hilton R. Hložek Z. B. Huber J. Hubmayr K. M. Huffenberger J. P. Hughes B. J. Koopman A. Kosowsky Y. Li M. Lokken M. Madhavacheril J. McMahon K. Moodley S. Naess F. Nati L. B. Newburgh M. D. Niemack L. A. Page B. Partridge E. Schaan A. Schillaci C. Sifón D. N. Spergel S. T. Staggs J. N. Ullom L. R. Vale A. Van Engelen J. Van Lanen E. J. Wollack Z. Xu Department of Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Astronomy Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute New York New York 10010 USA NIST Quantum Sensors Group 325 Broadway Boulder Colorado 80305 USA Physics Department Sapienza University of Rome Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 I-00185 Rome Italy Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3H8 Canada School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom Department of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Department of Astrophysical Sciences Peyton Hall Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería Facultad de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Avenida Vicuña Mackenna 4860 7820436 Macul Santiago Chile Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory One Cyclotron Road Berkeley California 94720 USA Berkeley Center for Cosmological Physics UC Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15260 USA Department of Physics Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA Astrophysics Research Centre University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4041 South Africa David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H4 Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto 50 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H4 Canada Department of Physics Florida State University Tallahassee Florida 32306 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rutgers Th

We present measurements of the average thermal Sunyaev Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect from optically selected galaxy groups and clusters at high signal-to-noise (up to 12σ) and estimate their baryon content within a 2.1′ radius aperture. Sources from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey DR15 catalog overlap with 3,700 sq deg of sky observed by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) from 2008 to 2018 at 150 and 98 GHz (ACT DR5), and 2,089 sq deg of internal linear combination component-separated maps combining ACT and Planck data (ACT DR4). The corresponding optical depths τ¯, which depend on the baryon content of the halos, are estimated using results from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations assuming an active galactic nuclei feedback radiative cooling model. We estimate the mean mass of the halos in multiple luminosity bins, and compare the tSZ-based τ¯ estimates to theoretical predictions of the baryon content for a Navarro-Frenk-White profile. We do the same for τ¯ estimates extracted from fits to pairwise baryon momentum measurements of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect (kSZ) for the same dataset obtained in a companion paper. We find that the τ¯ estimates from the tSZ measurements in this work and the kSZ measurements in the companion paper agree within 1σ for two out of the three disjoint luminosity bins studied, while they differ by 2–3σ in the highest luminosity bin. The optical depth estimates account for one-third to all of the theoretically predicted baryon content in the halos across luminosity bins. Potential systematic uncertainties are discussed. The tSZ and kSZ measurements provide a step toward empirical Compton-y¯−τ¯ relationships to provide new tests of cluster formation and evolution models.

关键词： Cosmic microwave background Cosmological parameters Cosmology Large scale structure of the Universe