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Changing life expectancy in European countries 1990–2021: a subanalysis of causes and risk factors from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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The Lancet Public Health 2025年第3期10卷 e172-e188页

作者： Steel, Nicholas Bauer-Staeb, Clarissa Maria Mercedes Ford, John A. Abbafati, Cristiana Abdalla, Mohammed Altigani Abdelkader, Atef Abdi, Parsa Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Abiodun, Olugbenga Olusola Abolhassani, Hassan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Abu-Zaid, Ahmed Addo, Isaac Yeboah Addolorato, Giovanni Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Agardh, Emilie E. Agyemang-Duah, Williams Ahmad, Danish Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Syed Anees Akinosoglou, Karolina Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed Al Awaidy, Salah Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz Al Zaabi, Omar Ali Mohammed Aldridge, Robert W. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Alicandro, Gianfranco Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Al-Jumaily, Adel Allebeck, Peter Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Alshahrani, Najim Z. Aluh, Deborah Oyine Al-Wardat, Mohammad Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amiri, Sohrab Anderlini, Deanna Andrei, Catalina Liliana Anil, Abhishek Anvari, Saeid Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw Aquilano, Michele Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Areda, Demelash Aremu, Abdulfatai Armani, Keivan Armocida, Benedetta Ärnlöv, Johan Asaduzzaman, Muhammad Astell-Burt, Thomas Aujayeb, Avinash Ausloos, Marcel Azadnajafabad, Sina Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Badache, Andreea Corina Badiye, Ashish D. Bahramian, Saeed Baig, Atif Amin Baker, Jennifer L. Bansal, Hansi Bärnighausen, Till Winfried Barone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barrow, Amadou Barteit, Sandra Bashir, Shahid Bashiru, Hameed Akande Basso, João Diogo Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi Basu, Sanjay Batra, Kavita Bauckneht, Matteo Baune, Bernhard T. Beghi, Massimiliano Beiranvand, Maryam Béjot, Yannick Bell, Michelle L. Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja Belo, Luis Beloukas, Apostolos Beneke, Alice A. Bettencourt, Paulo J.G. Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth Bhala, Neeraj Bhaskar, Sonu Bisulli, Francesca Bjørge, Tone Bodunrin, Aadam Olalekan Carvajal, Alejandro Botero Bouaoud, Souad Brayne, Carol Brenner, H Department of Primary Care and Public Health University of East Anglia Norwich United Kingdom Office for Health Improvement and Disparities Department of Health and Social Care London United Kingdom Department of Legal and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Rome Italy Hull York Medical School University of Hull Hull United Kingdom Department of Mathematics and Sciences Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Memorial University St. John's NL Canada Postgraduate Department University of Sierra Sur Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz Mexico Yhteiskuntadatatieteen keskus (Centre for Social Data Science) Helsinki Finland Department of Internal Medicine Federal Medical Centre Abuja Nigeria Research Center for Immunodeficiencies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics Karolinska Institutet (Karolinska Institute) Stockholm Sweden Department of Clinical Sciences University of Sharjah Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Alfaisal University Riyadh Saudi Arabia College of Graduate Health Sciences University of Tennessee Memphis TN United States School of Medicine Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome) Rome Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX United States Department of Biochemistry Osun State University Osogbo Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Medical Sciences Ondo Ondo Nigeria Department of Veteri

Background: Decades of steady improvements in life expectancy in Europe slowed down from around 2011, well before the COVID-19 pandemic, for reasons which remain disputed. We aimed to assess how changes in risk factors and cause-specific death rates in different European countries related to changes in life expectancy in those countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We used data and methods from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to compare changes in life expectancy at birth, causes of death, and population exposure to risk factors in 16 European Economic Area countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) and the four UK nations (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales) for three time periods: 1990–2011, 2011–19, and 2019–21. Changes in life expectancy and causes of death were estimated with an established life expectancy cause-specific decomposition method, and compared with summary exposure values of risk factors for the major causes of death influencing life expectancy. Findings: All countries showed mean annual improvements in life expectancy in both 1990–2011 (overall mean 0·23 years [95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·23 to 0·24]) and 2011–19 (overall mean 0·15 years [0·13 to 0·16]). The rate of improvement was lower in 2011–19 than in 1990–2011 in all countries except for Norway, where the mean annual increase in life expectancy rose from 0·21 years (95% UI 0·20 to 0·22) in 1990–2011 to 0·23 years (0·21 to 0·26) in 2011–19 (difference of 0·03 years). In other countries, the difference in mean annual improvement between these periods ranged from –0·01 years in Iceland (0·19 years [95% UI 0·16 to 0·21] vs 0·18 years [0·09 to 0·26]), to –0·18 years in England (0·25 years [0·24 to 0·25] vs 0·07 years [0·06 to 0·08]). In 2019–21, there was an overall decrease in mean annual life expectancy a

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Model reduction with memory and the machine learning of dynamical systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2018年

作者： Ma, Chao Wang, Jianchun Weinan, E. Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Beijing Institute of Big Data Research Beijing100871 China

The well-known Mori-Zwanzig theory tells us that model reduction leads to memory effect. For a long time, modeling the memory effect accurately and efficiently has been an important but nearly impossible task in developing a good reduced model. In this work, we explore a natural analogy between recurrent neural networks and the Mori-Zwanzig formalism to establish a systematic approach for developing reduced models with memory. Two training models-a direct training model and a dynamically coupled training model-are proposed and compared. We apply these methods to the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation and the Navier-Stokes equation. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method can produce reduced model with good performance on both short-term prediction and long-term statistical properties. Copyright © 2018, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Recurrent neural networks

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Analyses of protein cores reveal fundamental differences between solution and crystal structures

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Mei, Zhe Treado, John D. Grigas, Alex T. Levine, Zachary A. Regan, Lynne O'Hern, Corey S. Integrated Graduate Program in Physical & Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Chemistry Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology & Bioinformatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Pathology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Institute of Quantitative Biology Biochemistry and Biotechnology Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

There have been several studies suggesting that protein structures solved by NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallography show significant differences. To understand the origin of these differences, we assembled a database of high-quality protein structures solved by both methods. We also find significant differences between NMR and crystal structures|in the root-mean-square deviations of the Cα atomic positions, identities of core amino acids, backbone and sidechain dihedral angles, and packing fraction of core residues. In contrast to prior studies, we identify the physical basis for these differences by modelling protein cores as jammed packings of amino-acid-shaped particles. We find that we can tune the jammed packing fraction by varying the degree of thermalization used to generate the packings. For an athermal protocol, we find that the average jammed packing fraction is identical to that observed in the cores of protein structures solved by x-ray crystallography. In contrast, highly thermalized packing-generation protocols yield jammed packing fractions that are even higher than those observed in NMR structures. These results indicate that thermalized systems can pack more densely than athermal systems, which suggests a physical basis for the structural differences between protein structures solved by NMR and x-ray crystallography. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： X ray crystallography

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Hypostatic jammed packings of frictionless nonspherical particles

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Physical Review E 2018年第1期97卷 012909-012909页

作者： Kyle VanderWerf Weiwei Jin Mark D. Shattuck Corey S. O'Hern Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science Peking University Beijing 100871 China Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New York New York 10031 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Graduate Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

We perform computational studies of static packings of a variety of nonspherical particles including circulo-lines, circulo-polygons, ellipses, asymmetric dimers, dumbbells, and others to determine which shapes form packings with fewer contacts than degrees of freedom (hypostatic packings) and which have equal numbers of contacts and degrees of freedom (isostatic packings), and to understand why hypostatic packings of nonspherical particles can be mechanically stable despite having fewer contacts than that predicted from naive constraint counting. To generate highly accurate force- and torque-balanced packings of circulo-lines and cir-polygons, we developed an interparticle potential that gives continuous forces and torques as a function of the particle coordinates. We show that the packing fraction and coordination number at jamming onset obey a masterlike form for all of the nonspherical particle packings we studied when plotted versus the particle asphericity A, which is proportional to the ratio of the squared perimeter to the area of the particle. Further, the eigenvalue spectra of the dynamical matrix for packings of different particle shapes collapse when plotted at the same A. For hypostatic packings of nonspherical particles, we verify that the number of “quartic” modes along which the potential energy increases as the fourth power of the perturbation amplitude matches the number of missing contacts relative to the isostatic value. We show that the fourth derivatives of the total potential energy in the directions of the quartic modes remain nonzero as the pressure of the packings is decreased to zero. In addition, we calculate the principal curvatures of the inequality constraints for each contact in circulo-line packings and identify specific types of contacts with inequality constraints that possess convex curvature. These contacts can constrain multiple degrees of freedom and allow hypostatic packings of nonspherical particles to be mechanically stable.

关键词： Granular materials Granular packing Jamming

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Persistent homology of the cosmic web. I: Hierarchical topology in ΛCDM cosmologies

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Wilding, Georg Nevenzeel, Keimpe de Weygaert, Rien van Vegter, Gert Pranav, Pratyush Jones, Bernard J.T. Efstathiou, Konstantinos Feldbrugge, Job Kapteyn Astronomical Institute University of Groningen PO Box 800 Groningen9700 AV Netherlands Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Groningen PO Box 800 Groningen9700 AV Netherlands Centre for Data Science and Systems Complexity University of Groningen PO Box 800 Groningen9700 AV Netherlands Univ Lyon ENS de Lyon CNRS Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon UMR5574 LyonFV69007 France Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel Division of Natural and Applied Sciences and Zu Chongzhi Center for Mathematics and Computational Science Duke Kunshan University No. 8 Duke Avenue KunshanJiangsu Province215316 China Perimeter Institute 31 Caroline St N WaterlooONN2L 2Y5 Canada Department of Physics Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Ave PittsburghPA15217 United States

Using a set of ΛCDM simulations of cosmic structure formation, we study the evolving connectivity and changing topological structure of the cosmic web using state-of-the-art tools of multiscale topological data analysis (TDA). We follow the development of the cosmic web topology in terms of the evolution of Betti number curves and feature persistence diagrams of the three (topological) classes of structural features: matter concentrations, filaments and tunnels, and voids. The Betti curves specify the prominence of features as a function of density level, and their evolution with cosmic epoch reflects the changing network connections between these structural features. The persistence diagrams quantify the longevity and stability of topological features. In this study we establish, for the first time, the link between persistence diagrams, the features they show, and the gravitationally driven cosmic structure formation process. By following the diagrams’ development over cosmic time, the link between the multiscale topology of the cosmic web and the hierarchical buildup of cosmic structure is established. The sharp apexes in the diagrams are intimately related to key transitions in the structure formation process. The apex in the matter concentration diagrams coincides with the density level at which, typically, they detach from the Hubble expansion and begin to collapse. At that level many individual islands merge to form the network of the cosmic web and a large number of filaments and tunnels emerge to establish its connecting bridges. The location trends of the apex possess a self-similar character that can be related to the cosmic web’s hierarchical buildup. We find that persistence diagrams provide a significantly higher and more profound level of information on the structure formation process than more global summary statistics like Euler characteristic or Betti numbers. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Graphic methods

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Nonlinear concentration patterns and bands in autochemotactic suspensions

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Physical Review E 2018年第5期98卷 052411-052411页

作者： Enkeleida Lushi Raymond E. Goldstein Michael J. Shelley Department of Mathematics New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark New Jersey 07102 USA Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0WA United Kingdom Center for Computational Biology Flatiron Institute Simons Foundation New York New York 10010 USA Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New York New York 10012 USA

In suspensions of microorganisms, pattern formation can arise from the interplay of chemotaxis and the fluid flows collectively generated by the organisms themselves. Here we investigate the resulting pattern formation in square and elongated domains in the context of two distinct models of locomotion in which the chemoattractant dynamics is fully coupled to the fluid flows and swimmer motion. Analyses for both models reveal an aggregative instability due to chemotaxis, independent of swimmer shape and type, and a hydrodynamic instability for “pusher” swimmers. We discuss the similarities and differences between the models. Simulations reveal a critical length scale of the swimmer aggregates and this feature can be utilized to stabilize swimmer concentration patterns into quasi-one-dimensional bands by varying the domain size. These concentration bands transition to traveling pulses under an external chemoattractant gradient, as observed in experiments with chemotactic bacteria.

关键词： Cell aggregation Chemotaxis Collective behavior Fluid-particle interactions Locomotion Microfluidics Self-organization Swimming

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Signatures of many-body localization in steady states of open quantum systems

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Physical Review B 2018年第2期98卷 020202(R)-020202(R)页

作者： I. Vakulchyk I. Yusipov M. Ivanchenko S. Flach S. Denisov Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems IBS Daejeon 34051 Republic of Korea Basic Science Program Korea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea Department of Applied Mathematics Lobachevsky University Nizhny Novgorod 603950 Russia Institute of Physics University of Augsburg Universitätsstraße 1 86159 Augsburg Germany

Many-body localization (MBL) is a result of the balance between interference-based Anderson localization and many-body interactions in a high-dimensional Fock space. It is expected that dissipation is blurring interference and destroying that balance so that the asymptotic state of a system with an MBL Hamiltonian does not bear localization signatures. This is evidently true in the case of local dephasing which drives any system into an infinite-temperature state. We demonstrate, by using a set of dissipative operators, where each one is acting nontrivially on a pair of neighboring sites (or spins), that an MBL system can be brought into a Hamiltonian-specific steady state. The difference between ergodic and MBL Hamiltonians can be seen in statistics of imbalance, entanglement entropy, and level spacing of the steady-state density operator. By introducing pairwise dissipative operators into an MBL system already exposed to dephasing, these localization signatures can be restored.

关键词： Many-body localization Open quantum systems

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Unsupervised extraction of phenotypes from cancer clinical notes for association studies

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Stark, Stefan G. Hyland, Stephanie L. Pradier, Melanie F. Lehmann, Kjong-Van Wicki, Andreas Perez-Cruz, Fernando Vogt, Julia E. Rätsch, Gunnar Computational Biology Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York United States Tri-Institutional Ph.D. Program in Computational Biology and Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York United States Department of Computer Science ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland Medical Informatics Group University Hospital Zürich Zürich Switzerland Swiss Institute for Bioinformatics Zurich Switzerland Department of Biology ETH Zürich Zürich Switzerland Department of Signal Processing and Information Theory University Carlos III in Madrid Leganés Spain School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA United States Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland Tumorzentrum University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland Swiss Data Science Center ETH Zürich and EPFL Lausanne Switzerland Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Basel Basel Switzerland

The recent adoption of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) by healthcare providers has introduced an important source of data that provides detailed and highly specific insights into patient phenotypes over large cohorts. These datasets, in combination with machine learning and statistical approaches, generate new opportunities for research and clinical care. However, many methods require the patient representations to be in structured formats, while the information in the EHR is often locked in unstructured text designed for human readability. In this work, we develop the methodology to automatically extract clinical features from clinical narratives from large EHR corpora without the need for prior knowledge. We consider medical terms and sentences appearing in clinical narratives as atomic information units. We propose an efficient clustering strategy suitable for the analysis of large text corpora and utilize the clusters to represent information about the patient compactly. Additionally, we define the sentences on ontologic and natural language vocabularies to automatically detect pertinent combinations of concepts present in the corpus, even when an ontology is not available. To demonstrate the utility of our approach, we perform an association study of clinical features with somatic mutation profiles from 4,007 cancer patients and their tumors. We apply the proposed algorithm to a dataset consisting of .65 thousand documents with a total of .3.2 million sentences. After correcting for cancer type and other confounding factors, we identify a total of 340 significant statistical associations between the presence of somatic mutations and clinical features. We annotated these associations according to their novelty and we report several known associations. We also propose 37 plausible, testable hypothesis for associations where the underlying biological mechanism does not appear to be known. These results illustrate that the automated discovery of clinical features

关键词： Diseases

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First measurement of Ds1(1+)(2536)+ and Ds2*(2+)(2573)+ production in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV at the LHC

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Physical Review D 2025年第11期111卷 112005-112005页

作者： S. Acharya A. Agarwal G. Aglieri Rinella L. Aglietta M. Agnello N. Agrawal Z. Ahammed S. Ahmad S. U. Ahn I. Ahuja A. Akindinov V. Akishina M. Al-Turany D. Aleksandrov B. Alessandro H. M. Alfanda R. Alfaro Molina B. Ali A. Alici N. Alizadehvandchali A. Alkin J. Alme G. Alocco T. Alt A. R. Altamura I. Altsybeev J. R. Alvarado M. N. Anaam C. Andrei N. Andreou A. Andronic E. Andronov V. Anguelov F. Antinori P. Antonioli N. Apadula L. Aphecetche H. Appelshäuser C. Arata S. Arcelli R. Arnaldi J. G. M. C. A. Arneiro I. C. Arsene M. Arslandok A. Augustinus R. Averbeck D. Averyanov M. D. Azmi H. Baba A. Badalà J. Bae Y. W. Baek X. Bai R. Bailhache Y. Bailung R. Bala A. Balbino A. Baldisseri B. Balis Z. Banoo V. Barbasova F. Barile L. Barioglio M. Barlou B. Barman G. G. Barnaföldi L. S. Barnby E. Barreau V. Barret L. Barreto C. Bartels K. Barth E. Bartsch N. Bastid S. Basu G. Batigne D. Battistini B. Batyunya D. Bauri J. L. Bazo Alba I. G. Bearden C. Beattie P. Becht D. Behera I. Belikov A. D. C. Bell Hechavarria F. Bellini R. Bellwied S. Belokurova L. G. E. Beltran Y. A. V. Beltran G. Bencedi A. Bensaoula S. Beole Y. Berdnikov A. Berdnikova L. Bergmann M. G. Besoiu L. Betev P. P. Bhaduri A. Bhasin B. Bhattacharjee L. Bianchi J. Bielčík J. Bielčíková A. P. Bigot A. Bilandzic G. Biro S. Biswas N. Bize J. T. Blair D. Blau M. B. Blidaru N. Bluhme C. Blume G. Boca F. Bock T. Bodova J. Bok L. Boldizsár M. Bombara P. M. Bond G. Bonomi H. Borel A. Borissov A. G. Borquez Carcamo E. Botta Y. E. M. Bouziani L. Bratrud P. Braun-Munzinger M. Bregant M. Broz G. E. Bruno V. D. Buchakchiev M. D. Buckland D. Budnikov H. Buesching S. Bufalino P. Buhler N. Burmasov Z. Buthelezi A. Bylinkin S. A. Bysiak J. C. Cabanillas Noris M. F. T. Cabrera M. Cai H. Caines A. Caliva E. Calvo Villar J. M. M. Camacho P. Camerini F. D. M. Canedo S. L. Cantway M. Carabas A. A. Carballo F. Carnesecchi R. Caron L. A. D. Carvalho J. Castillo Castellanos M. Castoldi F. Catalano S. Cattaruzzi C. Ceballos Sanchez R. Cerri I. Chakaberia P. Chakraborty S. Chandra S. Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre Homi Bhabha National Institute Kolkata India European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) Geneva Switzerland Dipartimento di Fisica dell’Università and Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN Turin Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell’Università and Sezione INFN Bologna Italy Department of Physics Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh India Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information Daejeon Republic of Korea Faculty of Science P.J. Šafárik University Košice Slovak Republic Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany INFN Sezione di Torino Turin Italy Central China Normal University Wuhan China Instituto de Física Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico University of Houston Houston Texas USA Sungkyunkwan University Suwon City Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Technology University of Bergen Bergen Norway INFN Sezione di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Institut für Kernphysik Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt Germany INFN Sezione di Bari Bari Italy Physik Department Technische Universität München Munich Germany High Energy Physics Group Universidad Autónoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest Romania University of Derby Derby United Kingdom Universität Münster Institut für Kernphysik Münster Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany INFN Sezione di Padova Padova Italy INFN Sezione di Bologna Bologna Italy Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA SUBATECH I

The production yields of the orbitally excited charm-strange mesons Ds1(1+)(2536)+ and Ds2*(2+)(2573)+ were measured for the first time in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The Ds1+ and Ds2*+ mesons were measured at midrapidity (|y|<0.5) in minimum-bias and high-multiplicity pp collisions in the transverse-momentum interval 2

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The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: DR4 maps and cosmological parameters

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Aiola, Simone Calabrese, Erminia Maurin, Loïc Naess, Sigurd Schmitt, Benjamin L. Abitbol, Maximilian H. Addison, Graeme E. Ade, Peter A.R. Alonso, David Amiri, Mandana Amodeo, Stefania Angile, Elio Austermann, Jason E. Baildon, Taylor Battaglia, Nick Beall, James A. Bean, Rachel Becker, Daniel T. Bond, J. Richard Bruno, Sarah Marie Calafut, Victoria Campusano, Luis E. Carrero, Felipe Chesmore, Grace E. Cho, Hsiao-Mei Choi, Steve K. Clark, Susan E. Cothard, Nicholas F. Crichton, Devin Crowley, Kevin T. Darwish, Omar Datta, Rahul Denison, Edward V. Devlin, Mark J. Duell, Cody J. Duff, Shannon M. Duivenvoorden, Adriaan J. Dunkley, Jo Dünner, Rolando Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fankhanel, Max Ferraro, Simone Fox, Anna E. Fuzia, Brittany Gallardo, Patricio A. Gluscevic, Vera Golec, Joseph E. Grace, Emily Gralla, Megan Guan, Yilun Hall, Kirsten Halpern, Mark Han, Dongwon Hargrave, Peter Hasselfield, Matthew Helton, Jakob M. Henderson, Shawn Hensley, Brandon Hill, J. Colin Hilton, Gene C. Hilton, Matt Hincks, Adam D. Hložek, Renée Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hughes, John P. Infante, Leopoldo Irwin, Kent Jackson, Rebecca Klein, Jeff Knowles, Kenda Koopman, Brian Kosowsky, Arthur Lakey, Victoria Li, Dale Li, Yaqiong Li, Zack Lokken, Martine Louis, Thibaut Lungu, Marius MacInnis, Amanda Madhavacheril, Mathew Maldonado, Felipe Mallaby-Kay, Maya Marsden, Danica McMahon, Jeff Menanteau, Felipe Moodley, Kavilan Morton, Tim Namikawa, Toshiya Nati, Federico Newburgh, Laura Nibarger, John P. Nicola, Andrina Niemack, Michael D. Nolta, Michael R. Orlowski-Sherer, John Page, Lyman A. Pappas, Christine G. Partridge, Bruce Phakathi, Phumlani Pisano, Giampaolo Prince, Heather Puddu, Roberto Qu, Frank J. Rivera, Jesus Robertson, Naomi Rojas, Felipe Salatino, Maria Schaan, Emmanuel Schillaci, Alessandro Sehgal, Neelima Sherwin, Blake D. Sierra, Carlos Sievers, Jon Sifon, Cristobal Sikhosana, Precious Simon, Sara Spergel, David N. Staggs, Suzanne T. Stevens, Jason Storer, Emilie Sunder, Dhaneshwar D. Switzer, Center for Computational Astrophysics Flatiron Institute 162 5th Avenue New YorkNY10010 United States Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Jadwin Hall Princeton University PrincetonNJ08544 United States School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff University The Parade Wales CardiffCF24 3AA United Kingdom Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut d'astrophysique spatiale Orsay 91405 France Instituto de Astrofísica Centro de Astro-Ingeniería Facultad de Fìsica Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860 Macul Santiago7820436 Chile Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania 209 South 33rd Street PhiladelphiaPA19104 United States Department of Physics University of Oxford Keble Road OxfordOX1 3RH United Kingdom Dept. of Physics and Astronomy The Johns Hopkins University 3400 N. Charles St. BaltimoreMD21218-2686 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia VancouverBCV6T 1Z4 Canada Department of Astronomy Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States NIST Quantum Devices Group 325 Broadway Mailcode 817.03 BoulderCO80305 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann Arbor48103 United States Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics University of Toronto TorontoONM5S 3H8 Canada Universidad de Chile Dept Astronomía Casilla Santiago36-D Chile Sociedad Radiosky Asesorías de Ingeniería Limitada Camino a Toconao 145-A Ayllu de Solor San Pedro de Atacama Chile Department of Physics University of Chicago ChicagoIL60637 United States SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory 2575 Sand Hill Road Menlo ParkCA94025 United States Department of Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Institute for Advanced Study 1 Einstein Dr PrincetonNJ08540 United States Department of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Astrophysics Research Centre School of Mathematics Statistics and Computer Scie

We present new arcminute-resolution maps of the Cosmic Microwave Background temperature and polarization anisotropy from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, using data taken from 2013-2016 at 98 and 150 GHz. The maps cover more than 17,000 deg2, the deepest 600 deg2 with noise levels below 10µK-arcmin. We use the power spectrum derived from almost 6,000 deg2 of these maps to constrain cosmology. The ACT data enable a measurement of the angular scale of features in both the divergence-like polarization and the temperature anisotropy, tracing both the velocity and density at last-scattering. From these one can derive the distance to the last-scattering surface and thus infer the local expansion rate, H0. By combining ACT data with large-scale information from WMAP we measure H0 = 67.6±1.1 km/s/Mpc, at 68% confidence, in excellent agreement with the independently-measured Planck satellite estimate (from ACT alone we find H0 = 67.9 ±1.5 km/s/Mpc). The ΛCDM model provides a good fit to the ACT data, and we find no evidence for deviations: both the spatial curvature, and the departure from the standard lensing signal in the spectrum, are zero to within 1σ;the number of relativistic species, the primordial Helium fraction, and the running of the spectral index are consistent with ΛCDM predictions to within 1.5-2.2σ. We compare ACT, WMAP, and Planck at the parameter level and find good consistency;we investigate how the constraints on the correlated spectral index and baryon density parameters readjust when adding CMB large-scale information that ACT does not measure. The DR4 products presented here will be publicly released on the NASA Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cosmology

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