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Advances in powder nano-photocatalysts as pollutant removal and as emerging contaminants in water:Analysis of pros and cons on health and environment

Advanced Powder Materials

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Advanced Powder Materials 2024年第6期3卷 33-69页

作者： Sahil Thakur Abhijeet Ojha Sushil Kumar Kansal Navneet Kumar Gupta Hendrik C.Swart Junghyun Cho Andrej Kuznetsov Shuhui Sun Jai Prakash Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology HamirpurHamirpur(H.P.)177005India Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology HamirpurHamirpur(H.P.)177005India Dr.S.S.Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India Center for Sustainable Technologies Indian Institute of Science(IISc)Gulmohar MargMathikereBengaluru 560012India Department of Physics University of the Free State(UFS)BloemfonteinZA 9300South Africa Department of Mechanical Engineering&Materials Science and Engineering Program State University of New York(SUNY)BinghamtonNY 13902-6000USA University of Oslo Department of Physics and Centre for Materials Science and NanotechnologyPO Box 1048 BlindernN-0316OsloNorway Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS)-CentreEnergie Materiaux et Telecommunications VarennesQuebec J3X 1P7Canada

Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process where light exposure triggers a semiconducting nanomaterial(nano-photocatalyst)to generate electron-hole(e^(-)/h^(+))pairs and free *** phenomenon is widely used for the photocatalysis-assisted removal of organic and other contaminants using wide range of nanophotocatalysts,offering an efficient approach to environmental ***,the introduction of powdered nano-photocatalysts into water systems often leads to unintended secondary pollution in the form of residual nano-photocatalysts,ion leaching,free radicals,toxic by-products *** practices potentially introduce emerging secondary contaminants into aquatic environments,posing risks to both aquatic life and human *** resulting chemical by-products and intermediates can effectively induce chronic toxicity,neurological and developmental disorders,cardiovascular defects,and intestinal ailments in humans and aquatic *** having a range of health and environmental consequences,this dark side of nano-photocatalysts has been comparatively less explored and discussed in the *** this review,the pros and cons of powder nanophotocatalysts are discussed in view of their advantages as well as disadvantages in wastewater *** discussion encompasses their classification based on composition,dimensions,structure,and activity,as well as recent advancements in improving their photocatalytic *** article also explores the recent advances on their applications in photocatalytic removal of various water pollutants/contaminants of emerging concern(i.e.,organic pollutants,micro/nano plastics,heavy ions,disinfections,etc.)Furthermore,an emphasis on the role of such nano-photocatalysts as emerging(secondary)contaminants in water system,along with a thorough discussion of latest studies related to the health and environmental issues,has been ***,it addresses critical issues in applying powder nano-photo

关键词： Powder nano-photocatalysts Advanced oxidation processes Wastewater treatment Pros and cons Emerging contaminants Health and environment issues

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Non-Hermitian selective thermal emitter for thermophotovoltaics

Non-Hermitian selective thermal emitter for thermophotovolta...

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2023 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2023

作者： Prasad, Ciril S. Raphaelson, Samuel C. Naik, Gururaj V. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

Selective thermal emitters can boost the efficiency of heat-to-electricity conversion in thermophotovoltaic systems only if their spectral selectivity is high. We demonstrate a non-Hermitian metasurface-based selective emitter operating at 1200 K in a GaSb-thermophotovoltaic cell. © Optica Publishing Group 2023 © 2023 The Author(s)

关键词： III-V semiconductors

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Sensing Beyond the Exceptional Point for High Detectivity

Sensing Beyond the Exceptional Point for High Detectivity

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Zhichao Li Ciril S. Prasad Xielin Wang Ding Zhang Gururaj V. Naik Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA

Exceptional point (EP)-based optical sensors exhibit exceptional sensitivity but poor detectivity. Slightly off EP operation boosts detectivity without much loss in sensitivity. We experimentally demonstrate a high-de... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350369311

关键词： Proteins Optical losses Sensitivity Optical device fabrication Measurement by laser beam Lasers and electrooptics Optical sensors Laser applications Electro-optical waveguides

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Efficient Pumping of Spectral Holes in a Tm3+: YAG Crystal for Broadband Quantum Optical Storage

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lei, Yisheng Li, Zongfeng Hosseini, Mahdi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

Quantum memory devices with high storage efficiency and bandwidth are essential elements for future quantum networks. Here, we report a storage efficiency greater than 28% in a Tm3+: YAG crystal in elevated temperatures and without compromising the memory bandwidth. Using various pumping and optimization techniques, we demonstrate multi-frequency window storage with a high memory bandwidth of 630 MHz. Moreover, we propose a general method for large-bandwidth atomic-frequency memory with non-Kramers rare-earth-ion (REI) in solids enabling significantly higher storage efficiency and bandwidth. Our study advances the practical applications of quantum memory devices based on REI-doped crystals. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Optical pumping

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programmable multimode squeezed light at visible wavelengths with >400 modes

Programmable multimode squeezed light at visible wavelengths...

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CLEO: Fundamental Science, CLEO:FS 2024 - Part of Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2024

作者： Presutti, Federico Wright, Logan G. Ma, Shi-Yuan Wang, Tianyu Malia, Benjamin K. Onodera, Tatsuhiro McMahon, Peter L. School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University 142 Sciences Dr IthacaNY14850 United States NTT Physics and Informatics Laboratories NTT Research Inc. 940 Stewart Dr SunnyvaleCA94085 United States Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Fellowship Program 142 Sciences Dr IthacaNY14850 United States Kavli Institute Cornell for Nanoscale Science Cornell University 245 Feeney Way IthacaNY14850 United States

We demonstrate a source of highly multimode, high gain vacuum squeezed light, and demonstrate how ultra-broadband frequency conversion enables the use of visible-light detector arrays and programmable frequency-domain... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171395

关键词： Squeezed light

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Projecting Assumptions: The Duality Between Sparse Autoencoders and Concept Geometry

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Hindupur, Sai Sumedh R. Lubana, Ekdeep Singh Fel, Thomas Ba, Demba School of Engineering and Applied Science Harvard University United States CBS-NTT Program in Physics of Intelligence Harvard University United States Kempner Institute Harvard University United States

Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) are widely used to interpret neural networks by identifying meaningful concepts from their representations. However, do SAEs truly uncover all concepts a model relies on, or are they inherently biased toward certain kinds of concepts? We introduce a unified framework that recasts SAEs as solutions to a bilevel optimization problem, revealing a fundamental challenge: each SAE imposes structural assumptions about how concepts are encoded in model representations, which in turn shapes what it can and cannot detect. This means different SAEs are not interchangeable—switching architectures can expose entirely new concepts or obscure existing ones. To systematically probe this effect, we evaluate SAEs across a spectrum of settings: from controlled toy models that isolate key variables, to semi-synthetic experiments on real model activations and finally to large-scale, naturalistic datasets. Across this progression, we examine two fundamental properties that real-world concepts often exhibit: heterogeneity in intrinsic dimensionality (some concepts are inherently low-dimensional, others are not) and nonlinear separability. We show that SAEs fail to recover concepts when these properties are ignored, and we design a new SAE that explicitly incorporates both, enabling the discovery of previously hidden concepts and reinforcing our theoretical insights. Our findings challenge the idea of a universal SAE and underscores the need for architecture-specific choices in model interpretability. Overall, we argue an SAE does not just reveal concepts—it determines what can be seen at all. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Neural networks

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Machine-Learning-Enhanced Quantum Optical Storage in Solids

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Lei, Yisheng An, Haechan Li, Zongfeng Hosseini, Mahdi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

Quantum memory devices with high storage efficiency and bandwidth are essential elements for future quantum networks. Solid-state quantum memories can provide broadband storage, but they primarily suffer from low storage efficiency. We use passive optimization and machine learning techniques to demonstrate nearly a 6-fold enhancement in quantum memory efficiency. In this regime, we demonstrate coherent and single-photon-level storage with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The optimization technique presented here can be applied to most solid-state quantum memories to significantly improve the storage efficiency without compromising the memory bandwidth. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Signal to noise ratio

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Resistive Switching in Biocompatible Glucose Films Doped With Honey for Highly Flexible Nonvolatile Memory Application

IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics

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IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics 2022年第4期1卷 207-213页

作者： Lee, Ke-Jing Lin, Hsin-Ni Pal, Parthasarathi Wang, Yeong-Her National Cheng-Kung University Institute of Microelectronics Department of Electrical Engineering Tainan701 Taiwan National Cheng-Kung University Program on Semiconductor Process Technology Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing Tainan701 Taiwan National Sun Yat-sen University Department of Physics Kaohsiung804 Taiwan

A mixture of honey and glucose (GH) as a new natural biomaterial for resistive random access memory (RRAM) switching layer on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate is presented. The flexible substrate allows the devices to be bent and used for a wider range of applications. These devices with the GH film exhibit good reproducibility and reliability over more than 300 cycles. Moreover, the ON/OFF ratio of these devices is over 105, and VSET and VRESET are lower than that of the device with a pure glucose film. The nonvolatile nature of the devices is confirmed by measuring retention for 104 s. This switching behavior is attributed to ohmic conduction and trap-controlled space charge-limited current (TC-SCLC) mechanisms that confirm filament formation and breakage at high-resistance state (HRS) and low-resistance state (LRS), respectively. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Sol-gel process

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SKA sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter decay: Synchrotron radio emissions in white dwarf magnetospheres

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Physical Review D 2024年第8期109卷 083533-083533页

作者： Kenji Kadota Shota Kisaka School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (HIAS-UCAS) Hangzhou 310024 China International Centre for Theoretical Physics Asia-Pacific (ICTP-AP) Beijing/Hangzhou China Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan

We investigate the potential of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) in detecting synchrotron radiation emitted from the decay of sub-GeV dark matter (dark matter with masses below the GeV scale) in the presence of strong magnetic fields. As a concrete setup, we consider scenarios where the magnetosphere of a magnetic white dwarf overlaps with dense dark matter environments, such as those surrounding a primordial black hole. Our study reveals that the encounters of compact objects such as white dwarfs and black holes offer a promising avenue for upcoming radio telescopes to probe the properties of light dark matter, which has been less explored compared with more conventional heavier (masses above the GeV scale) dark matter.

关键词： Particle dark matter

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Thermal energy dependent transient permittivity of epsilon-near-zero material

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Science China(physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第8期65卷 96-101页

作者： Heng Wang Lixun Sun Kang Du Wending Zhang SooJin Chua Guixin Li Ting Mei MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information TechnologySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an710129China Department of Materials Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore LEES Program Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research&Technology(SMART)Singapore138602Singapore

Transparent conductive oxides exhibit attractive optical nonlinearity with ultrafast response and giant refractive index change near the epsilon-near-zero(ENZ) wavelength, originating from the intraband dynamics of conduction electrons. The optical nonlinearity of ENZ materials has been explained by using the overall-effective-mass and the overall-scattering-time of electrons in the extended Drude model. However, their response to optical excitation is yet the last building block to complete the theory. In this paper, the concept of thermal energy is theoretically proposed to account for the total energy of conduction electrons exceeding their thermal equilibrium value. The time-varying thermal energy is adopted to describe the transient optical response of indium-tin-oxide(ITO), a typical ENZ material. A spectrally-resolved femtosecond pump-probe experiment was conducted to verify our theory. By correlating the thermal energy with the pumping density, both the giant change and the transient response of the permittivity of ITO can be predicted. The results in this work provide a new methodology to describe the transient permittivities of ENZ materials, which will benefit the design of ENZ-based nonlinear photonic devices.

关键词： epsilon-near-zero optical nonlinearity transient response thermal energy hot electron indium tin oxide

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