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BLUE-GREEN LASERS FOR SUBMARINE COMMUNICATIONS

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 173-177页

作者： WRIGHT, WE LCDR. WILLIAM E. WRIGHT USN:is an Engineering Duty Officer with surface warfare experience. He served in the Weapons and Combat Systems departments of USS Harwood (DD-861)USS William V. Pratt (DDG-44) andUSS Henry B. Wilson (DDG-7). He received a Ph.D. in physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1973 as an NSF Fellow under the NavyScholarship Program and was later assigned as a Military Research Associate at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. In his current assignment at the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency he is the program manager for Submarine Laser Communications and the founding director of the Joint Space Nuclear Power Technology Office at NASA.

Blue-green light has long been known to penetrate sea water to substantial depths. Moreover, the same light will propagate through clouds in a fairly predictable fashion. With narrow-band laser light signals in the blue-green and appropriately matched optical filters to block sunlight and other interfering light sources we should be able to communicate from space or aircraft to submerged objects. Three questions then arise: First, what are the characteristics of this communication channel and how do clouds, water turbidity, and their global statistics affect our ability to communicate? Second, in N avy use of any new technology there is a complex interplay between technical features and limits, employment strategies and tactics, and the value of a new technology system to N avy mission performance. How might a Submarine Laser Communications capability be useful to the N avy and what are the unique features of such a capability? Finally, what are the technical and engineering obstacles to exploiting this capability and how might it be transformed from a scientist's dream to a fleet reality? This paper examines each of these questions from the viewpoint of directing technology and engineering development. The tentative conclusion is that as the technology matures, the uniquely useful and affordable capabilities may become available to the N avy .

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Repair of TMI-1 OTSG tube failures. Use of a kinetic tube-expansion process to resesal tubes within the upper tube sheet provides a cost-effective and relatively low-expousure repair process

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Process Safety Progress 1983年第3期2卷 173-175页

作者： David G. Slear Robert L. Long James D. Jones F. S. Giacobbe GPU Nuclear Parsippany N.J. 07054 In 1974 David Slear joined General Public Utilities Nuclear Corp. where his responsibilities included the design review of components for new nuclear power plants and troubleshooting component failures both in nuclear power and fossil plants in the GPU System. In 1978 he was promoted to Preliminary Engineering Manager and was responsible for coordinating the preparation of design criteria for several coal-fired plants and combustion turbines to be installed throughout the 1980s. Immediately following the TMI-2 accident he was placed in charge of coordinating the establishment of criteria and the design for numerous modifications that were perceived to be required in order to maintain core cooling and a stable safe shutdown condition for the TMI-2 reactor. Subsequently he was promoted to Manager of TMI Engineering Projects which involved establishing the criteria and coordinating the engineering for the numerous modifications required to TMI-1 as a result of the Lessons Learned from the accident at TMI-2. He holds a B.S. Degree in Mechanical Engineering and an M.S. Degree in Mechanical Engineering. Since April 1982 Robert L. Long has been Vice President and Director of the Nuclear Assurance Division of the GPU Nuclear Corp. This includes responsibilities for the Quality Assurance Department the Nuclear Safety Assessment Department the Training & Education Directorate and the Emergency Preparedness Department. Joining GPU in 1978 he has been actively involved with Three Mile Island recovery and restart activities since the spring of 1979. From February 1980 through March 1982 he served as Director–Training & Education for GPU Nuclear. He holds the B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Bucknell University and the M.S.E. and Ph.D. degrees in Nuclear Engineering from Purdue University. He has written numerous publications and has presented lectures on “energy and the environment” issues all over the United States and in Southeast Asia. Since joining GPU Nuclear Corpo

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FOCAS - A NEW LOOK IN COMBAT SYSTEM SIGNAL TRANSMISSION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 51-62页

作者： SLEMON, CS ABBOTT, JW Charles S. Slemon:graduated from Brown University with an Sc.B. Degree in Physics and did graduate work in semiconductors at the School of Electrical Engineering Cornell University sity receiving an M.S. degree. In 1972 he received an NSF grant to study the temperature dependence of crystal structures and while at Cornell he developed various fabrication and testing techniques with new semiconductor compounds. Upon joining Tetra Tech Inc. in 1976 he established and is responsible for their fiberoptic laboratory. He has carried out many programs involved in fiberoptic links for secure communication for various government agencies in which he authored numerous classified reports and developed special fiberoptic devices and system. He has also carried out studies and hardware development and evaluation programs for the military and commercial clients including marine and deep sea uses of fiberoptics for NOSC ONR and other off-shore industry contractors. For NAVSEA he authored several reports investigating the potential uses and advantages that fiberoptic technology offers to Navyshipboard operations. Mr. Slemon has published many articles and made numerous presentations in the field of fiberoptics. He has also taught several short courses on the subject and is the holder of several patents. Mr. Jack W. Abbott:received his BSME degree from Stanford University in 1960 and his Masters (MEA) degree from George Washington University in 1975. He holds a Professional Engineer License in the state of California. Mr. Abbott served as a naval officer – aboard a destroyer for 3 years. He worked for the Garrett Corporation for nearly 8 years involved with gas turbine design development and application. For the last 15 years Mr. Abbott has been directly involved with all aspects of destroyer design including the Canadian DDH 280 U.S. DD 963 and DD 993 destroyers. Currently Mr. Abbott is the NAVSEA Program Manager of the Ship Systems Engineering Standards (SSES) Program – responsible for developing combat system inter

This article introduces the concept of a truly Universal Signal Distribution Network. The emergence of fiberoptic technology as a viable signal transmission medium now gives the N avy the opportunity to use Fiber Optic Cabling and Switching (FOCAS) to implement a universal network. A FOCAS Network can handle all present or future shipboard signal distribution architectures such as point-to-point or data bus. Furthermore, compared to existing cable installations, this network offers lower cost through reduction of the number of cables, weight, and volume, freedom from interference and EMP effects, increased redundancy, and higher operational flexibility. In addition, it will easily satisfy all future expansion or changes in signal distribution by providing at least a ten fold increase in data rate capacity over existing electrical cabling. This last feature alone holds the potential for allowing upgrading and conversion of modern combat systems without need for adding new cabling in the ship. Along with the introduction of the concept of a Universal FOCAS network and its practical benefits and capabilities, this article presents a trade-off between the Radar Data Distribution Network on the FFG and an analogous FOCAS network. Though far from optimized, the resultant FOCAS network shows that the conversion of existing shipboard networks to FOCAS is straightforward and provides a reduction of at least 90% in cable volume and weight and lower cost in cable purchase and installation.

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RUDDER ROLL STABILIZATION FOR COAST GUARD CUTTERS AND FRIGATES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 267-282页

作者： BAITIS, E WOOLAVER, DA BECK, TA Dr. Erich Baitis: a native of Germany came to the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center in 1957 as a co-operative student/trainee and received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Physics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute. As a 32-year-old naval architect in 1971 he received both the VietnamHonorServiceMedaland the Navy'sMeritoriousCivilianServiceAwardfor his eight months as liaison with the Vietnamese NAVVS ferro-cement ship program. As head of the Seakeeping and Stabilization Group of the Surface Ship Dynamics Branch his work has led to the development of a new standard Ship Motion Computer Program and the application of ship motions to ship habitability operability and survivability problems. A major area of this work has been the ship/aircraft interface which is particularly sensitive to ship motions wind and other environmental factors. Mr. Dennis A. Woolaver:has been employed as a Naval Architect at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center since 1965 where his work has resulted in numerous patents. He received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University where he also completed graduate work in Communication Theory. Additional fields of study include Computer Science and Personnel Management. Current efforts are directed toward surface ship motion mitigation data acquisition and statistical analysis. He is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Lt. Tom A. Beck USCG: joined the UnitedStatesCoastGuardin 1966 where he trained as an Electronics Technician. He received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from Columbia University in 1978. From 1978 to 1979 he was an Electronics Project Officer at the CoastGuardElectronics Laboratory in Alexandria Virginia. Since 1980 he has been a Research and Development Project Officer in the Sensor Technology Branch of the CoastGuardsOffice of Research and Development. Lt. Beck is a member of the Institute of Electronic and Elect

The potential use of rudders as anti-roll devices has long been recognized. However, the possible interference of this secondary function of the rudder with its primary role as the steering mechanism has prevented, for many years, the development of practical rudder roll stabilizers. The practical feasibility of rudder roll stabilization has, however, in recent years been demonstrated by two systems designed and developed for operational evaluation aboard two different U.S. C oast G uard Cutters, i.e., Jarvis and Mellon of the 3,000-ton, 378-foot HAMILTON Class. The authors describe the major components of the rudder roll stabilization (RRS) system, along with the design goals and methodology as applied to these first two prototypes. In addition, a brief history of the hardware development is provided in order to show some of the lessons learned. The near flawless performance of the prototypes over the past four years of operational use in the North Pacific is documented. Results from various sea trials and reports of the ship operators are cited and discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the costs and benefits of roll stabilization achieved using both a modern anti-roll fin system, as well as two different performance level RRS systems. The benefits of roll stabilization are demonstrated by the relative expansion in the operational envelopes of the USS OLIVER HAZARD PERRY (FFG-7) Class. The varying levels of roll stabilization suggest that the merits of fins and RRS systems are strongly dependent on mission requirements and the environment. The demonstrated performance of the reliable RRS system offers the naval ship acquisition manager a good economical stabilization system.

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SEM ANALYSIS OF COPPER-CONTAINING INTRAUTERINE IMPLANTS

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JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1981年第4期15卷 605-610页

作者： ROSENFELD, J WILLIAMS, WS SHARMA, NK Bioengineering Program University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 Also with Department of Physics and Department of Ceramic Engineering.

The rate of dissolution of copper from the IUD implant, and hence the contribution of copper to the total contraceptive efficiency, will be influenced by any changes produced by the biological environment in the effective surface area and surface condition of the copper. Sixteen devices of the CU-7 IUD, some used for several months and others as-received, were examined optically and with the scanning electron microscope. A potential problem in the long-term performance (typically three years) of an IUD is the buildup of calcium deposits on the copper, as shown in the present study. The effective surface area presented to body fluids that will carry copper ions away can be reduced by a large factor through the formation of such deposits. Calcium-containing deposits on the copper in used IUD's, seen and identified here for the first time, could reduce the rate at which copper ion is introduced into the physiological system and thus undermine the biochemical aspect of the contraceptive action of the device. Such a degradation mechanism could help account for device failures, which occur at the rate of 1. 1 to 1. 5 per 100 users.

关键词： Clinical Research Contraception Contraception Failure Contraceptive Methods Contraceptive Methods--complications Copper Examinations And Diagnoses Family Planning Iud Material Iud, Copper Releasing Iud--complications Research Methodology Size

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UNITED-STATES-NAVY SHIPBOARD ENERGY R-AND-D - AN OVERVIEW

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第2期93卷 154-161页

作者： KROLICK, CF THE AUTHOR:: received his B.S. degree in Physics from Saint Francis College in 1962 and subsequently his M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Nuclear Engineering from the University of Maryland in 1969 and 1971. He is the Director of the Navy's Shipboard Energy R&D Program at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center and has received awards for Outstanding Performance and Sustained Superior Performance. While at the University of Maryland he was recipient of an NSF Fellowship an NDEA Fellowship and an AEC Traineeship. Dr. Krolick is a member of Sigma Xi and the American Nuclear Society.

The U.S. Navy shipboard energy situation is presented both in terms of historical, current, and projected postures. R&D programs to minimize the impact of diminishing fossil fuel resources while ensuring full operational readiness are described. Near term efforts are directed at the achievement of the 1985 Chief of Naval Operations goal of twenty percent reduction in fossil fuel consumption per underway steaming hour, and they are intended primarily for the conventional steam-powered Fleet which presently comprises eighty-four percent on an installed horsepower basis. Longer range efforts attempt to facilitate the goal of a more energy-efficient future Fleet in terms of new construction ships. Alternate Fuels programs are structured to provide a capability to operate on future fuels which are readily available, and they include development of guidelines for the use of a broad range of petroleum-base fuels as well as the qualification of snythetic fuels derived from coal, oil shale, and tar sands.

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BANQUET ADDRESS - TECHNOLOGY IS FUN, ITS THE OTHER THINGS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 57-59页

作者： FROSCH, RA President American Association of Engineering Societies Inc Dr. Robert A. Frosch born in New York City on 22 May 1928 attended Columbia University from which he received his B.A. degree in 1947 his M.A. degree in 1949 and his Ph.D. degree in 1952 all in the field of Theoretical Physics. While completing his studies for his doctorate he joined Columbia's Hudson Laboratories in 1951 and worked on naval research projects as a Research Scientist until 1958 when he became the Director Hudson Laboratories a post he held until 1963. From 1965 to 1966 he was Deputy Director Advanced Research Projects Agency (APRA) Department of Defense (DOD) having first joined ARPA in 1963 as the Director for Nuclear Test Detection the position he held until 1965. Since 1969 he also has served as the DOD member of the Committee for Policy Review National Council of Marine Resources and Engineering Development and in 1967 and 1970 as the Chairman of the U.S. Delegation to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission meetings at UNESCO in Paris. In addition he was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research & Development from 1966 to 1973 Assistant Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Program with the rank of Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations from 1973 to 1975 and Assistant Director for Applied Oceanography at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from 1975 until mid-1977. In June 1977 he became the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) the position he held prior to joining the American Association of Engineering Societies (AAES) Incorporated. On 20 January 1981 he was elected to his present post as President AAES. Additionally he was the Sea Grant Lecturer for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974 and currently is a National Lecturer for Sigma Xi. During his distinguished career Dr. Frosch has been the recipient of numerous awards among which are the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1966 the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award in 1

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Σ Oscillations and Spin Change during Charge Exchange in Ar+ on Ar

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Physical Review Letters 1980年第19期44卷 1247-1247页

作者： K. B. McAfee, Jr. R. S. Hozack R. E. Johnson Engineering Physics Program University of Virginia Charlottsville Virginia 22901

This Letter reports a first measurement of the fast oscillations in Ar+ on Ar charge-transfer collisions. The high resolution needed to observe these oscillations is obtained with use of crossed ion and atom beams. The observed frequency is very different from that calculated from available Ar2+ potentials. The difference is attributed to spin change between the fine-structure levels of Ar+.

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NON-LINEAR WHEELSET FORCES IN FLANGE CONTACT .1. STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS AND NUMERICAL RESULTS

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JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 1979年第3期101卷 238-246页

作者： SWEET, LM SIVAK, JA Transportation Program Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Princeton N.J. 08540 Princeton University Princeton N.J. Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Md. 21205

A theoretical model for steady-state wheelset force/displacement relations in tread and flange contact is presented. The analysis includes nonlinear geometric constraints that characterize wheel/rail contact, creep forces in the contact plane due to wheel/rail differential velocities, limits on adhesion at each contact point, and equilibrium conditions applied to the wheelset body forces. Results are summarized as the resultant lateral force and yaw moment acting on the wheelset as functions of lateral position and yaw angle. The results of this analysis, verified experimentally in Part 2 of this paper, are important to the analysis of wheelset response to track inputs, curving performance, and wheelclimb derailment.

关键词： Yaw Creep Flanges Wheelsets Adhesion Displacement Equilibrium (physics) Wheels Steady state Rails

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NON-LINEAR WHEELSET FORCES IN FLANGE CONTACT .2. MEASUREMENTS USING DYNAMICALLY SCALED MODELS

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JOURNAL OF DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME 1979年第3期101卷 247-255页

作者： SWEET, LM SIVAK, JA PUTMAN, WF Transportation Program Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Princeton N.J. 08540 Princeton University Princeton N.J. Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland 21205 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Princeton N.J. 08540

This paper presents new experimental methods for the study of rail vehicle dynamics through the use of scaled models on tangent track, and the application of these techniques to the measurement of nonlinear wheelset force/displacement relations in steady-state. These relations are important to the analysis of wheelset response to track inputs, curving performance of trucks, and wheelclimb derailment. A one-fifth scale model instrumented wheelset with new wheel profiles is used, with similitude scaling of the contact forces achieved through use of a polycarbonate resin for the contact surfaces. Data are presented for wheelset lateral force and yaw moment for the nonlinear range of wheelset lateral displacements and yaw angles, including flange contact. The measured data validate the analytical model presented in Part 1 of this paper, based on nonlinear wheel/rail contact geometry, creep forces with adhesion limits, and wheelset kinematics. A criterion for wheelclimb derailment is presented and verified experimentally.

关键词： Yaw Creep Trucks Flanges Wheelsets Rail vehicles Adhesion Displacement Dynamics (Mechanics) Kinematics Resins Wheels Experimental methods Steady state Rails Geometry

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