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Thermo-optical properties of erbium-doped germanate-bismuth glasses

Optical Materials 2025年 166卷

作者： Silva, Adriano Almeida Lima, Lucas Batista Silva da Silva, Isis Lee Garcia, Hans Anderson Bell, Maria José Valenzuela Kassab, Luciana Reyes Pires Santos, Francisco Eroni Paz Postgraduate Program in Physics Federal University of Piauí PI 64049550 Brazil Department of Physics Federal University of Juiz de Fora MG Juiz de Fora36036-900 Brazil Faculdade de Tecnologia São Paulo CEETEPS SP São Paulo01124060 Brazil Postgraduate Program in Engineering and Materials Science Federal University of Teresina PI 64049550 Brazil

In this study, we investigate the thermo-optical properties of GeO2–Bi2O3 glasses doped with different concentrations of rare earth ions by thermal lens technique;UV-VIS and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, as well as measurements of thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity and quantum efficiency, are presented aiming at potential photonic applications. High infrared fluorescence lifetimes around 4 ms and quantum efficiencies of ∼80 % for 1 % Er3+ concentration, determined via lifetime and thermal lens methods, enabled efficient laser operation. Positive ds/dT values confirmed the self-focusing nature beneficial for high-power systems. While quantum efficiencies decreased exponentially with rising Er3+ due to non-radiative relaxation from erbium-matrix interactions, reasonably high efficiencies above 74 % persisted at 1 % doping. The thermal diffusivity and conductivity exhibited little changes with varying Er3+ concentration and showed to be matrix dependent. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Quantum efficiency

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Correlation versus dissipation in a non-Hermitian Anderson impurity model

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Physical Review B 2025年第12期111卷 125157-125157页

作者： Kazuki Yamamoto Masaya Nakagawa Norio Kawakami Department of Physics Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan Department of Physics University of Tokyo Hongo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Fundamental Quantum Science Program TRIP Headquarters RIKEN Wako 351-0198 Japan Department of Physics Ritsumeikan University Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan Department of Materials Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan

We analyze the competition between strong correlations and dissipation in quantum impurity systems from the Kondo regime to the valence fluctuation regime by developing a slave-boson theory for a non-Hermitian Anderson impurity model with one-body loss. Notably, in the non-Hermitian Kondo regime, strong correlations qualitatively change the nature of dissipation through renormalization effects, where the effective one-body loss is suppressed and emergent many-body dissipation characterized by the complex-valued hybridization is generated. We unveil the mechanism of a dissipative quantum phase transition of the Kondo state on the basis of this renormalization effect, which counterintuitively enhances the lifetime of the impurity against loss. We also find a crossover from the non-Hermitian Kondo regime to the valence fluctuation regime dominated by one-body dissipation. Our results can be tested in a wide variety of setups such as quantum dots coupled to electronic leads and quantum point contacts in ultracold Fermi gases.

关键词： Bosons

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Biomimetic Synthesis of the Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Pigment and engineering of its Physical Attributes via pH Control

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Biomedical Materials and Devices 2025年第1期3卷 638-645页

作者： Azad, Saeed Al Shboul, Ahmad Lacroix, Christian Izquierdo, Ricardo Ménard, David Olivier, Martin Guerrero, Carlos Villalba Ung, Bora Department of Electrical Engineering École de technologie supérieure Montreal H3C 1K3 Canada Department of Electrical Engineering LACIME Montreal H3C 1K3 Canada Department of Engineering Physics Regroupement Québécois sur les Matériaux de Pointe (RQMP) Polytechnique Montréal Montréal H3T 1J4 QC Canada The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health Departments of Medicine Microbiology and Immunology McGill University Montreal Canada

Although preventable and curable if diagnosed early, malaria still represents a life-threatening illness affecting over 200 million people every year with a significant mortality rate (2.4%). Research for the development of convenient and rapid diagnostic methods have recently shown promise in using the magneto-optical properties of the hemozoin compound, an iron-rich by-product excreted by malaria parasites, most notably the Plasmodium falciparum species, during ingestion of hemoglobin in the host’s blood. However, much research is still required in order to fully understand and exploit the properties of the hemozoin toward early-onset diagnosis of the illness. In this regard, access to an innocuous and controllable synthetic form of hemozoin (SHz) would be an invaluable tool to promote research in this area. The present work describes a straightforward aqueous acid-catalyzed technique for producing SHz with controlled dimensions and magnetic response that result in SHz samples with properties similar to natural hemozoin caused by Plasmodium falciparum. In particular, the results indicate that SHz with the closest resemblance to the natural hemozoin exhibits a paramagnetic response with magnetic susceptibility of 1.4E−5 and a refractive index of 1.7035 along the preferred crystallographic growth direction at 635 nm wavelength. The findings reported in this study provide new insights relevant to magneto-optic biomedical sensing and biochemical synthesis methods. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Hemozoin Magnetic and optical properties Malaria pigment

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Super-resolved digital in-line holography by a dielectric microsphere 11

Super-resolved digital in-line holography by a dielectric mi...

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Quantitative Phase Imaging XI 2025

作者： Abbasian, Vahid Rad, Vahideh Farzam Cabrera, Humberto Darafsheh, Arash Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis St. LouisMO63110 United States Imaging Science Program McKelvey School of Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States MLAB STI Unit The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Strada Costiera 11 Trieste34151 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781510684065

Digital in-line holographic microscopy (DIHM) offers a low-cost, phase-stable, and non-invasive approach for quantitative phase microscopy (QPM), capturing complete wavefront information. Despite its advantages, the spatial resolution of DIHM is constrained by the diffraction limit, as with all optical microscopy systems. To address this limitation, we integrate microsphere-assisted microscopy (MAM) with DIHM. First, we validate the concept using a high-magnification objective lens to resolve a Blu-ray disc grating, a widely recognized standard for demonstrating super-resolution. To emphasize the repeatability, practicality, and broad accessibility of the approach, we further apply it with a low-magnification and widely available objective lens to resolve the phase grating of a compact disc (CD), whose line period is beyond the resolution limit of that objective lens. This highlights the adaptability of the technique, enabling both high-resolution imaging with advanced objectives and resolution enhancement for more accessible and cost-effective systems. Our results demonstrate the potential of this flexible and reproducible method for diverse applications, including biological research and surface profilometry. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Compact disks

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The probability for chiral oscillation of Majorana neutrino in Quantum Field Theory

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Morozumi, Takuya Tahara, Tomoharu Physics Program Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan Core of Research for the Energetic Universe Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan

We derive the probability for chiral oscillation of Majorana neutrinos based on quantum field theory. Since the Hamiltonian under the Majorana mass term does not conserve lepton number, the eigenstates of lepton number change continuously over time. Therefore, the transition amplitude is described by the inner product of the eigenstates of lepton number at the time of the neutrino production and the detection. With the Bogoliubov transformation, we successfully relates the lepton number eigenstates at different times. This method enables us to understand the time variation of lepton number induced by chiral oscillations in terms of transition probabilities. We also present the physical picture that emerges through the Bogoliubov transformation. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Hamiltonians

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Liquid flow sensing through dynamic laser speckle analysis 15

Liquid flow sensing through dynamic laser speckle analysis

引用

Biomedical Light Scattering XV 2025

作者： Abbasian, Vahid Rad, Vahideh Farzam Darafsheh, Arash Cabrera, Humberto Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis St. LouisMO63110 United States Imaging Science Program McKelvey School of Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. LouisMO63130 United States MLAB STI Unit The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Strada Costiera 11 Trieste34151 Italy

ISBN: (纸本)9781510683884

This study explores the potential of dynamic laser speckle analysis (DLSA) to characterize fluid flow rates beneath tissue-mimicking phantoms. Speckle patterns generated by two non-Newtonian oils with viscosities of 350 mPa·s and 1000 mPa·s were analyzed as they flowed over a glass substrate behind a capillary containing 20% Intralipid solution. Key parameters such as temporal autocorrelation, co-occurrence matrices, and speckle intensity variations were evaluated using advanced graphical and numerical techniques, including the Fujii method. The results demonstrated significant differences in flow dynamics between the two fluids, with higher viscosity correlating to reduced speckle activity. These findings validate the use of DLSA as a non-invasive and sensitive optical tool for fluid flow sensing, with potential implications for in vivo blood flow monitoring and clot detection in clinical settings. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Non Newtonian flow

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Correction: Materials laboratories of the future for alloys, amorphous, and composite materials (MRS Bulletin, (2025), 50, 2, (190-207), 10.1557/s43577-024-00846-y)

引用

MRS Bulletin 2025年 1-2页

作者： Banerjee, Sarbajit Meng, Y. Shirley Minor, Andrew M. Zhang, Minghao Zaluzec, Nestor J. Chan, Maria K.Y. Seidler, Gerald McComb, David W. Agar, Joshua Mukherjee, Partha P. Melot, Brent Chapman, Karena Guiton, Beth S. Klie, Robert F. McCue, Ian D. Voyles, Paul M. Robertson, Ian Li, Ling Chi, Miaofang Destino, Joel F. Devaraj, Arun Marquis, Emmanuelle A. Segre, Carlo U. Liu, Huinan H. Yang, Judith C. Momeni, Kasra Misra, Amit Abdolrahim, Niaz Medvedeva, Julia E. Cai, Wenjun Sehirlioglu, Alp Dizbay-Onat, Melike Mehta, Apurva Graham-Brady, Lori Maruyama, Benji Rajan, Krishna Warner, Jamie H. Taheri, Mitra L. Kalinin, Sergei V. Reeja-Jayan, B. Schwarz, Udo D. Simon, Sindee L. Brown, Craig M. Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science & Engineering Texas A & M University College Station United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United States Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Lemont United States Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University Philadelphia United States School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette United States Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles United States Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University The State University of New York Stony Brook United States Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington United States Department of Physics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Bangladesh Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham United States Department of Chemistry Creighton University Omaha United States Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan–Ann Arbor Ann Arbor United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago United States Department of Bioengineering and the Mater

This article was updated to correct Minghao Zhang’s affiliation from "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA" to "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA;Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, USA." Argonne National Laboratory was left off the original publication. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Emergent dimer-model topological order and quasi-particle excitations in liquid crystals: combinatorial vortex lattices

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Meng, Cuiling Wu, Jin-Sheng Kos, Žiga Dunkel, Jörn Nisoli, Cristiano Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics and Chemical Physics Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Hiroshima University Hiroshima Higashihiroshima Japan Department of Mathematics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Faculty of Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia Department of Condensed Matter Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia Theoretical Division Physics of Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Center For Nonlinear Studies Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Liquid crystals have proven to provide a versatile experimental and theoretical platform for studying topological objects such as vortices, skyrmions, and hopfions. In parallel, in hard condensed matter physics, the concept of topological phases and topological order has been introduced in the context of spin liquids to investigate emergent phenomena like quantum Hall effects and high-temperature superconductivity. Here, we bridge these two seemingly disparate perspectives on topology in physics. Combining experiments and simulations, we show how topological defects in liquid crystals can be used as versatile building blocks to create complex, highly degenerate topological phases, which we refer to as ‘Combinatorial Vortex Lattices’ (CVLs). CVLs exhibit extensive residual entropy and support locally stable quasi-particle excitations in the form of charge-conserving topological monopoles, which can act as mobile information carriers and be linked via Dirac strings. CLVs can be rewritten and reconfigured on demand, endowed with various symmetries, and modified through laser-induced topological surgery — an essential capability for information storage and retrieval. We demonstrate experimentally the realization, stability, and precise optical manipulation of CVLs, thus opening new avenues for understanding and technologically exploiting higher-hierarchy topology in liquid crystals and other ordered media. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Laser surgery

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Long-range order of polygonal grain boundaries

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Physical Review B 2025年第4期111卷 045103-045103页

作者： N. Sarkar P. R. Bandaru R. C. Dynes Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093-0411 USA Program in Materials Science University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093-0411 USA Department of Physics University of California San Diego La Jolla California 92093-0411 USA

Atomic-scale spatial resolution was achieved in the mapping and spectroscopy of polygonal grain boundaries (GBs) on atomically flat highly oriented pyrolytic graphite using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). These GBs are long-range ordered one-dimensional periodic structures comprising pentagon-heptagon pairs. A comprehensive study combining local electronic, valleytronic, mechanical, and topological properties is conducted on this GB which reveals the interplay between these properties. On the atoms and bonds of individual GB polygons, spatially localized conductance states were probed, in addition to edge states. The spatial extent of these states was observed on GB by bias-dependent imaging. The electron scattering angle at the GB edges was also modulated with a sample bias which exhibited valley flipping and unique quantum interference effects such as backscattering and intervalley scattering. In situ strain-induced mechanical and electronic modifications were observed through surface deformation caused by the STM tip, revealing flattened electronic energy band dispersion and shifts in carrier doping.

关键词： Grain boundaries

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The effect of stereochemical constraints on the radius of gyration of folded proteins

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Logan, Jack A. Sumner, Jacob Grigas, Alex T. Shattuck, Mark D. O'Hern, Corey S. Department of Mechanical Engineering Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Graduate Program in Computational Biology & Biomedical Informatics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Benjamin Levich Institute and Physics Department The City College of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Department of Applied Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT06520 United States

Proteins are composed of linear chains of amino acids that fold into complex three-dimensional structures. A general feature of folded proteins is that they are compact with a radius of gyration Rg(N) ∼ Nν that obeys power-law scaling with the number of amino acids N in each protein and ν ∼ 1/3. In this study, we investigate the internal scaling of the radius of gyration Rg(n) versus the chemical separation n between amino acids for all subchains of length n. We show that for globular proteins Rg(n) ∼ nν1,2 with a larger exponent ν1 > 1/3 for small n and a smaller exponent ν2 g(N) ∝ Nν. To describe this scaling behavior for Rg(n), we carry out folding simulations for a series of coarse-grained models for proteins beginning with the freely-jointed and freely-rotating chain models composed of spherical monomers and varying degrees of stereochemical constraints. We show that a minimal model, which coarse-grains amino acids into a single spherical backbone atom and one variable-sized spherical side-chain atom, and enforces bend- and dihedral-angle constraints, can recapitulate Rg(n) for x-ray crystal structures of globular proteins. In addition, this model predicts the correct average packing fraction and size of the hydrophobic core, which are two key physical features that can be used to distinguish between computational 'decoys' and correctly folded proteins in protein design applications. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Spheres

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