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An interdisciplinary approach to high school curriculum development: Swarming Powered by Neuroscience

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An interdisciplinary approach to high school curriculum deve...

IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC)

作者： Elise Buckley Joseph D. Monaco Kevin M. Schultz Robert W. Chalmers Armin Hadzic Kechen Zhang Grace M. Hwang M. Dwight Carr Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine JHU JHUAPL Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine JHU JHUAPL and Johns Hopkins University Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute STEM Program Management Office JHUAPL

ISBN: (纸本)9781665484305

This article discusses how to create an interactive virtual training program at the intersection of neuroscience, robotics, and computer science for high school students with equity of access. A four-day microseminar, titled Swarming Powered by Neuroscience (SPN), was conducted virtually through a combination of presentations and interactive computer game simulations. The SPN microseminar was delivered by subject matter experts in neuroscience, mathematics, multi-agent swarm robotics, and education. The objective of this research was to determine if taking an interdisciplinary approach to high school education would enhance the students learning experiences in fields such as neuroscience, robotics, or computer science. This study found an improvement in student engagement for neuroscience by 16.6%, while interest in robotics and computer science improved respectively by 2.7% and 1.8%. The majority of students (64%) strongly agreed that they enjoyed learning from an interdisciplinary team of experts and 70% strongly agreed that the microseminar emphasized the need to have instruction teams with diverse disciplinary backgrounds. The curriculum materials, developed for the SPN microseminar, can be used by high school teachers to further evaluate interdisciplinary instructions across life and physical sciences and computer science.

关键词： Computer science Training Video games Neuroscience Computational modeling Swarm robotics Curriculum development

An electronic nose using a single graphene FET and machine learning for water, methanol, and ethanol

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 969-981页

作者： Takeshi Hayasaka Albert Lin Vernalyn C.Copa Lorenzo P.Lopez Jr Regine A.Loberternos Laureen Ida M.Ballesteros Yoshihiro Kubota Yumeng Liu Arnel A.Salvador Liwei Lin Berkeley Sensor and Actuator Center&Department of Mechanical Engineering University of California at BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Materials Science and Engineering Program College of ScienceUniversity of the Philippines Diliman1101 Quezon CityPhilippines National Institute of Physics College of ScienceUniversity of the Philippines Diliman1101 Quezon CityPhilippines

The poor gas selectivity problem has been a long-standing issue for miniaturized chemical-resistor gas *** electronic nose(e-nose)was proposed in the 1980s to tackle the selectivity issue,but it required top-down chemical functionalization processes to deposit multiple functional ***,we report a novel gas-sensing scheme using a single graphene field-effect transistor(GFET)and machine learning to realize gas selectivity under particular conditions by combining the unique properties of the GFET and e-nose *** of using multiple functional materials,the gas-sensing conductivity profiles of a GFET are recorded and decoupled into four distinctive physical properties and projected onto a feature space as 4D output vectors and classified to differentiated target gases by using machine-learning *** single-GFET approach coupled with trained pattern recognition algorithms was able to classify water,methanol,and ethanol vapors with high accuracy quantitatively when they were tested ***,the gas-sensing patterns of methanol were qualitatively distinguished from those of water vapor in a binary mixture condition,suggesting that the proposed scheme is capable of differentiating a gas from the realistic scenario of an ambient environment with background *** such,this work offers a new class of gas-sensing schemes using a single GFET without multiple functional materials toward miniaturized e-noses.

关键词： methanol selectivity electronic

Performance Analysis of Received Signal Level for HSR using Optimized Path Loss Model

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Performance Analysis of Received Signal Level for HSR using ...

IEEE International Conference on Research, Innovation and Vision for the Future

作者： Selvi Lukman Yul Yunazwin Nazaruddin Endra Joelianto Bo Ai Doctoral Program of Engineering Physics Faculty of Industrial Technoloy Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Departement of Engineering Physics Instrumentation Control Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology Bandung Indonesia State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing P.R. China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665461672

A reliable transmission link for High-speed rail scenarios (HSR) requires denser networks as the unique characteristics of HSR propagation emerged. In this study, we present a performance analysis of the Received Signal Level (RSL) for HSR in the free space environment as the most favorable propagation. To achieve an excellent reception, the study of path loss from the implementation of optimization technique is utilized as the most important property in the analysis. The findings demonstrate a satisfying RSL result that was achieved from the optimized path loss values. Hence it will benefit the HSR network designers to obtain a reliable transmission link in their communication's domain.

关键词： Analytical models Receivers Reliability engineering Propagation losses Rail transportation Communications technology Performance analysis

Solution-Processed and Room-Temperature Spin Light-Emitting Diode Based on Quantum Dots/Chiral Metal-Organic Framework Heterostructure

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Advanced Functional Materials 2023年第19期33卷

作者： Mustaqeem, Mujahid Chou, Pi-Tai Kamal, Saqib Ahmad, Naveed Lin, Jia-Yu Lu, Yu-Jung Lee, Xing-Hao Lin, Kung-Hsuan Lu, Kuang-Lieh Chen, Yang-Fang Nano-Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei106 Taiwan Department of Physics National Taiwan University No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Rd Taipei10617 Taiwan Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei115 Taiwan Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei115024 Taiwan Institute of Physics Academia Sinica Taipei11529 Taiwan

Spin optoelectronics is an indispensable key for the future development of spintronics. In conventional spin light emitting diodes (LEDs), spin-polarized carrier pairs are injected electrically into the light emitting layer and create circularly polarized light (CPL). Generally, spin-polarized carriers are accomplished using ferromagnetic contacts or applying an external magnetic field, which will produce several drawbacks, including low temperature operation, low spin-polarized carriers injection efficiency, etc. To circumvent the existing shortcomings, here, an alternative approach is proposed and achieves spin-polarized LEDs at room temperature based on quantum dots (QDs)/chiral metal-organic framework heterojunction without using ferromagnetic contacts or magnetic fields. The spin-polarized injected layer composed of self-assembled monolayer (SAM)/Chiral-MOF ([Sr(9,10-adc)(DMAc)2]n)) film, which produces spin-polarized holes with spin orientation, determining the polarization and strength of circularly polarized electroluminescence (CP-EL). The spin-QLED emits CP-EL at a rate of 12.24% efficiency, which provides an excellent alternative to generate new functionality for conventional QLEDs. The approach is anticipated to be very useful, enabling to offer a general methodology for generating not yet realized spin optoelectronic devices. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Room temperature

Deformed Fredkin model for the ν=5/2 Moore-Read state on thin cylinders

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Voinea, Cristian Pu, Songyang Kirmani, Ammar Ghaemi, Pouyan Rahmani, Armin Papić, Zlatko School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leeds LeedsLS2 9JT United Kingdom Theoretical Division T-4 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los AlamosNM87545 United States Physics Department City College of the City University of New York NY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center of City University of New York NY10031 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center Western Washington University BellinghamWA98225 United States

We propose a frustration-free model for the Moore-Read quantum Hall state on sufficiently thin cylinders with circumferences 7 magnetic lengths. While the Moore-Read Hamiltonian involves complicated long-range interactions between triplets of electrons in a Landau level, our effective model is a simpler one-dimensional chain of qubits with deformed Fredkin gates. We show that the ground state of the Fredkin model has high overlap with the Moore-Read wave function and accurately reproduces the latter’s entanglement properties. Moreover, we demonstrate that the model captures the dynamical response of the Moore-Read state to a geometric quench, induced by suddenly changing the anisotropy of the system. We elucidate the underlying mechanism of the quench dynamics and show that it coincides with the linearized bimetric field theory. The minimal model introduced here can be directly implemented as a first step towards quantum simulation of the Moore-Read state, as we demonstrate by deriving an efficient circuit approximation to the ground state and implementing it on IBM quantum processor. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Ground state

Enhanced Superconducting Qubit Performance Through Ammonium Fluoride Etch

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kopas, Cameron J. Goronzy, Dominic P. Pham, Thang Torres Castanedo, Carlos G. Cheng, Matthew Cochrane, Rory Nast, Patrick Lachman, Ella Zhelev, Nikolay Z. Vallières, André Murthy, Akshay A. Oh, Jin-Su Zhou, Lin Kramer, Matthew J. Cansizoglu, Hilal Bedzyk, Michael J. Dravid, Vinayak P. Romanenko, Alexander Grassellino, Anna Mutus, Josh Y. Hersam, Mark C. Yadavalli, Kameshwar Rigetti Computing BerkeleyCA United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Center for Applied Physics and Superconducting Technologies Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Department of Physics University of Oregon EugeneOR United States Graduate Program in Applied Physics Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory BataviaIL United States Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy AmesIA United States Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Department of Chemistry Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Northwestern University EvanstonIL United States

The performance of superconducting qubits is often limited by dissipation and two-level systems (TLS) losses. The dominant sources of these losses are believed to originate from amorphous materials and defects at interfaces and surfaces, likely as a result of fabrication processes or ambient exposure. Here, we explore a novel wet chemical surface treatment at the Josephson junction-substrate and the substrate-air interfaces by replacing a buffered oxide etch (BOE) cleaning process with one that uses hydrofluoric acid followed by aqueous ammonium fluoride. We show that the ammonium fluoride etch process results in a statistically significant improvement in median T1 by ∼ 22% (p = 0.002), and a reduction in the number of strongly-coupled TLS in the tunable frequency range. Microwave resonator measurements on samples treated with the ammonium fluoride etch prior to niobium deposition also show ∼ 33% lower TLS-induced loss tangent compared to the BOE treated samples. As the chemical treatment primarily modifies the Josephson junction-substrate interface and substrate-air interface, we perform targeted chemical and structural characterizations to examine materials’ differences at these interfaces and identify multiple microscopic changes that could contribute to decreased TLS. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Fluorine compounds

Hyperbolic phonon-polariton electroluminescence in graphene-hBN van der Waals heterostructures

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Guo, Qiushi Esin, Iliya Li, Cheng Chen, Chen Liu, Song Edgar, James H. Zhou, Selina Demler, Eugene Refael, Gil Xia, Fengnian Department of Electrical Engineering Yale University New Haven06511 United States Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York NY United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY United States Department of Physics Institute for Quantum Information and Matter California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Tim Taylor Department of Chemical Engineering Kansas State University ManhattanKS66506 United States Department of Electrical Engineering California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA91125 United States Institute for Theoretical Physics ETH Zurich Zürich Switzerland

Phonon-polaritons are electromagnetic waves resulting from the coherent coupling of photons with optical phonons in polar dielectrics. Due to their exceptional ability to confine electric fields to deep subwavelength scales with low loss, they are uniquely poised to enable a suite of applications beyond the reach of conventional photonics, such as sub-diffraction imaging and near-field energy transfer. The conventional approach to exciting phonon-polaritons through optical methods, however, necessitates costly mid-infrared and terahertz coherent light sources along with near-field scanning probes, and generally leads to low excitation efficiency due to the substantial momentum mismatch between phonon-polaritons and free-space photons. Here, we demonstrate that under proper conditions, phonon-polaritons can be excited all-electrically by flowing charge carriers. Specifically, in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN)/graphene heterostructures, by electrically driving charge carriers in ultra-high-mobility graphene out of equilibrium, we observe bright electroluminescence of hBN’s hyperbolic phonon-polaritons (HPhPs) at mid-IR frequencies. The HPhP electroluminescence shows a temperature and carrier density dependence distinct from black-body or super-Planckian thermal emission. Moreover, the carrier density dependence of HPhP electroluminescence spectra reveals that HPhP electroluminescence can arise from both inter-band transition and intra-band Cherenkov radiation of charge carriers in graphene. The HPhP electroluminescence offers fundamentally new avenues for realizing electrically-pumped, tunable mid-IR and THz phonon-polariton lasers, and efficient cooling of electronic devices. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Photons

Ultrafast evanescent heat transfer across solid interfaces via hyperbolic phonon-polaritons in hexagonal boron nitride

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hutchins, William Tomko, John A. Hirt, Dan M. Zare, Saman Matson, Joseph R. Diaz-Granados, Katja He, Mingze Pfeifer, Thomas Li, Jiahan Edgar, James Maria, Jon-Paul Caldwell, Joshua D. Hopkins, Patrick E. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37212 United States Department of Mechanical Engineering Vanderbilt University NashvilleTN37212 United States Tim Taylor Dept. of Chemical Engineering Kansas State University ManhattanKS United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University University ParkPA16802 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States Department of Physics University of Virginia CharlottesvilleVA22904 United States

The efficiency of phonon-mediated heat transport is limited by the intrinsic atomistic properties of materials, seemingly providing an upper limit to heat transfer in materials and across their interfaces. The typical speeds of conductive transport, which are inherently limited by the chemical bonds and atomic masses, dictate how quickly heat will move in solids. Given that phonon-polaritons (PhPs), or coupled phonon-photon modes, can propagate at speeds approaching 1% of the speed of light – orders of magnitude faster than transport within a pure diffusive phonon conductor – we demonstrate that volume-confined, hyperbolic phonon-polariton (HPhP) modes supported by many biaxial polar crystals can couple energy across solid-solid interfaces at an order of magnitude higher rates than phonon-phonon conduction alone. Using pump-probe thermoreflectance with a mid-infrared, tunable, probe pulse with sub-picosecond resolution, we demonstrate remote and spectrally selective excitation of the HPhP modes in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) in response to radiative heating from a thermally emitting gold source. Our work demonstrates a new avenue for interfacial heat transfer based on broadband radiative coupling from a hot spot in a gold film to hBN HPhPs, independent of the broad spectral mismatch between the pump (visible) and probe (mid-IR) pulses employed. This methodology can be used to bypass the intrinsically limiting phonon-phonon conductive pathway, thus providing an alternative means of heat transfer across interfaces. Further, our time-resolved measurements of the temperature changes of the HPhP modes in hBN show that through polaritonic coupling, a material can transfer heat across and away from an interface at rates orders of magnitude faster than diffusive phonon speeds intrinsic to the material, thus demonstrating a pronounced thermal transport enhancement in hBN via phonon-polariton coupling. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： III-V semiconductors

Near-Infrared I/II Nanophosphors with Cr3+/Ni2+ Energy Transfer for Bioimaging

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Advanced Optical Materials 2023年第15期11卷

作者： Satpathy, Aishwarya Huang, Wen-Tse Chan, Ming-Hsien Su, Ting-Yi Kamiński, Mikolaj Majewska, Natalia Mahlik, Sebastian Leniec, Grzegorz Kaczmarek, Slawomir M. Hsiao, Michael Liu, Ru-Shi Department of Chemistry National Taiwan University Taipei106 Taiwan Nanoscience and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica and National Taiwan University Academia Road 128 Nankang Taipei115 Taiwan Genomics Research Center Academia Sinica Academia Road Section 2 Nankang Taipei115 Taiwan Institute of Experimental Physics Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics University of Gdansk Wita Stwosza 57 Gdansk80–308 Poland Department of Technical Physics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin al. Piastow 19 Szczecin70–310 Poland

In the biomedical field, the use of fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) region is growing rapidly because it imparts the advantages of reduced autofluorescence and low photon scattering. The advantage of reduced scattering is that it increases penetration depth in vivo and improves imaging clarity. Herein, this work uses mesoporous silica, a biocompatible template that can be easily modified, functionalized, and loaded with drugs for use in several bioapplications. The ZnGa2O4 spinel oxide system is integrated into mesoporous silica and different concentrations of Cr3+ and Ni2+ are loaded in octahedral sites to obtain the highest emission intensity in the NIR-II region at 1285 nm via energy transfer from Cr3+ to Ni2+. Given that only a few nanophosphor systems with emission in the NIR-II region are available, this work attempts to establish emission in the NIR-II and NIR-I regions to obtain images in vivo with an increased penetration depth to 5 mm and improved clarity for bioimaging purposes. This system will open the door for biomedical research on other NIR-II nanophosphors. © 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Bioimaging