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Cofilin-Mediated Filament Softening and Crosslinking Counterbalance to Enhance Actin Network Flexibility

Physical Review Letters 2024年第21期133卷 218402-218402页

作者： Zachary Gao Sun Michael Murrell Department of Physics Yale University 217 Prospect Street New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA Systems Biology Institute Yale University West Haven Connecticut 06516 USA Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA

Filamentous-actin (F-actin) crosslinking within the cell cytoskeleton mediates the transmission of mechanical forces, enabling changes in cell shape, as occurs during cell division and cell migration. Crosslinking by actin binding proteins (ABPs) generally increases the connectivity of the F-actin network, but also increases network rigidity. As a result, there is a narrow range in the concentration of crosslinker protein at which F-actin networks are both connected and labile. Another ABP, cofilin, severs F-actin filaments at high pH through increasing their bending flexibility and concentrating mechanical stress, inducing fragmentation. By contrast, at lower pH, cofilin increases filament flexibility yet does not sever. Instead, it forms disulfide bonds, which crosslink F-actin into bundles, and bundles into networks. Here, we combine light microscopy and rheology to determine the impact of two potentially opposing effects on the mechanics of F-actin networks—increased flexibility at the filament level, and increased connectivity at the network level. Indeed, by linear rheology, we find that these mechanisms are counterbalanced, such that cofilactin network moduli are only weakly dependent on cofilin concentration over a broad range, in contrast to the dramatic stiffening that occurs with F-actin crosslinking protein. Further, by nonlinear rheology, the network stiffens at a higher stress than crosslinking protein, indicative of a broader range in which the material remains flexible. These results may enable F-actin networks to increase connectivity without heavy penalties to rigidity, and thus provide a new route to modulating active polymer mechanics unseen using traditional F-actin accessory proteins.

关键词： Biomimetic & bio-inspired materials Biomolecular self-assembly Living matter & active matter Persistence length Polymer entanglement Rheological properties Rheology Shear deformation Strain

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Unified Variational Approach Description of Ground-State Phases of the Two-Dimensional Electron Gas

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第26期133卷 266504-266504页

作者： Conor Smith Yixiao Chen (陈一潇) Ryan Levy Yubo Yang (杨煜波) Miguel A. Morales Shiwei Zhang Center for Computational Quantum Physics Flatiron Institute New York New York 10010 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico 87131 USA Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

The two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is a fundamental model, which is drawing increasing interest because of recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies of 2D materials. Current understanding of the ground state of the 2DEG relies on quantum Monte Carlo calculations, based on variational comparisons of different Ansätze for different phases. We use a single variational ansatz, a general backflow-type wave function using a message-passing neural quantum state architecture, for a unified description across the entire density range. The variational optimization consistently leads to lower ground-state energies than previous best results. Transition into a Wigner crystal (WC) phase occurs automatically at rs=37±1, a density lower than currently believed. Between the liquid and WC phases, the same ansatz and variational search strongly suggest the existence of intermediate states in a broad range of densities, with enhanced short-range nematic spin correlations.

关键词： Wave functions

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Correction: Materials laboratories of the future for alloys, amorphous, and composite materials (MRS Bulletin, (2025), 50, 2, (190-207), 10.1557/s43577-024-00846-y)

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MRS Bulletin 2025年 1-2页

作者： Banerjee, Sarbajit Meng, Y. Shirley Minor, Andrew M. Zhang, Minghao Zaluzec, Nestor J. Chan, Maria K.Y. Seidler, Gerald McComb, David W. Agar, Joshua Mukherjee, Partha P. Melot, Brent Chapman, Karena Guiton, Beth S. Klie, Robert F. McCue, Ian D. Voyles, Paul M. Robertson, Ian Li, Ling Chi, Miaofang Destino, Joel F. Devaraj, Arun Marquis, Emmanuelle A. Segre, Carlo U. Liu, Huinan H. Yang, Judith C. Momeni, Kasra Misra, Amit Abdolrahim, Niaz Medvedeva, Julia E. Cai, Wenjun Sehirlioglu, Alp Dizbay-Onat, Melike Mehta, Apurva Graham-Brady, Lori Maruyama, Benji Rajan, Krishna Warner, Jamie H. Taheri, Mitra L. Kalinin, Sergei V. Reeja-Jayan, B. Schwarz, Udo D. Simon, Sindee L. Brown, Craig M. Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science & Engineering Texas A & M University College Station United States Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering The University of Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of California Berkeley Berkeley United States National Center for Electron Microscopy Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley United States Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Lemont United States Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Drexel University Philadelphia United States School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette United States Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles United States Department of Chemistry Stony Brook University The State University of New York Stony Brook United States Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington United States Department of Physics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Bangladesh Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Wisconsin–Madison Madison United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham United States Department of Chemistry Creighton University Omaha United States Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland United States Department of Materials Science & Engineering University of Michigan–Ann Arbor Ann Arbor United States Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago United States Department of Bioengineering and the Mater

This article was updated to correct Minghao Zhang’s affiliation from "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA" to "Pritzker School of Molecular engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, USA;Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, USA." Argonne National Laboratory was left off the original publication. © The Author(s) 2025.

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Automated detection of symmetry-protected subspaces in quantum simulations

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Physical Review Research 2023年第3期5卷 033082-033082页

作者： Caleb Rotello Eric B. Jones Peter Graf Eliot Kapit Department of Physics and Quantum Engineering Program Colorado School of Mines Golden Colorado 80401 USA National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden Colorado 80401 USA Infleqtion Louisville Colorado 80027 USA

The analysis of symmetry in quantum systems is of utmost theoretical importance, useful in a variety of applications and experimental settings, and difficult to accomplish in general. Symmetries imply conservation laws, which partition Hilbert space into invariant subspaces of the time-evolution operator, each of which is demarcated according to its conserved quantity. We show that, starting from a chosen basis, any invariant, symmetry-protected subspaces which are diagonal in that basis are discoverable using transitive closure on graphs representing state-to-state transitions under k-local unitary operations. Importantly, the discovery of these subspaces relies neither upon the explicit identification of a symmetry operator or its eigenvalues nor upon the construction of matrices of the full Hilbert space dimension. We introduce two classical algorithms, which efficiently compute and elucidate features of these subspaces. The first algorithm explores the entire symmetry-protected subspace of an initial state in time complexity linear to the size of the subspace by closing local basis state-to-basis state transitions. The second algorithm determines, with bounded error, if a given measurement outcome of a dynamically generated state is within the symmetry-protected subspace of the state in which the dynamical system is initialized. We demonstrate the applicability of these algorithms by performing postselection on data generated from emulated noisy quantum simulations of three different dynamical systems: the Heisenberg-XXX model and the T6 and F4 quantum cellular automata. Due to their efficient computability and indifference to identifying the underlying symmetry, these algorithms lend themselves to the postselection of quantum computer data, optimized classical simulation of quantum systems, and discovery of previously hidden symmetries in quantum mechanical systems.

关键词： Quantum information theory Quantum simulation

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Plasmonic BICs as Biosensors with Better Detectivity

Plasmonic BICs as Biosensors with Better Detectivity

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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Zhichao Li Ciril S. Prasad Xielin Wang Gururaj V. Naik Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA

Plasmonic sensors exhibit high sensitivity due to enhanced local fields. But, their detectivity is poor because of their poor Q-factors. Using a plasmonic BIC, we experimentally demonstrate enhanced Q-factors in a pla... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781957171258

关键词： Absorption spectroscopy Field enhancement Optical sensing Plasmonic sensors Q factor Sensor performance

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Electron Cloaking in MoS2 for High-Performance Optoelectronics

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Nano letters 2025年第23期25卷 2025 May 28页

作者： Yu-Xiang Chen Jian-Jhang Lee Ding-Rui Chen You-Chen Lin Hao-Ting Chin Xiu-Yu Huang Sheng-Kuei Chiu Chu-Chi Ting Mario Hofmann Ya-Ping Hsieh Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan. International Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan. Molecular Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan. Department of Electronic Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan 320 Taiwan. Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei 10617 Taiwan. Nano Science and Technology Program Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Taipei 10617 Taiwan. Department of Materials Science and Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung 407 Taiwan. Department of Materials Science National University of Tainan Tainan 70005 Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Opto-Mechatronics Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chung Cheng University Chia-Yi 62102 Taiwan.

Defects in two-dimensional (2D) materials represent both challenges and opportunities to their optoelectronic performance. While defects limit the carrier mobility in transistors through increased charge scattering, they also enhance 2D material functionality in sensors. Electron cloaking, a process that reduces Coulomb scattering via localized electron-defect interactions, has recently been shown to mitigate the performance degradation of bulk semiconductors in the presence of defects. We demonstrate the realization of electron cloaking in 2D materials through the metal decoration of defects. Sulfur vacancies were introduced in MoS and selectively decorated with aluminum using atomic layer deposition. Theoretical and experimental characterization demonstrate the suppression of electronic scattering through localized interactions. Optoelectronic measurements reveal a significant improvement in carrier mobility and lifetime, highlighting the effectiveness of the cloaking mechanism. Our findings open a route independently to maximize performance and functionality of optoelectronic devices, which is illustrated by the realization photosensors with unprecedented sensitivity and speed.

关键词： 2D material Coulomb scattering MoS2 defect-limited mobility electron cloaking electron−defect interaction vacancies

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Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Stiffened Composite Panels with Acoustically Tailored Stiffeners 79

Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Stiffened Composite Pane...

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79th Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display, FORUM 2023

作者： Brown, Avery Moorhouse, Anna M. Bakis, Charles E. Smith, Edward C. Beck, Ben S. Shepherd, Micah R. Engineering Science and Mechanics Dept. Pennsylvania State Univ. University ParkPA United States Graduate Program in Acoustics Pennsylvania State Univ. University ParkPA United States Aerospace Engineering Dept. Pennsylvania State Univ. University ParkPA United States Engineering Acoustics Dept. Applied Research Laboratory State CollegePA United States Physics and Astronomy Dept. Brigham Young Univ. ProvoUT United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781713874799

Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites are being increasingly used for load bearing structural elements in large transport rotorcraft. However, due to the increased stiffness-to-density ratio of composites, problems associated with vibration and interior noise can be exacerbated by the use of composites in airframes. The current investigation explores the potential of optimized composite meta-structures to reduce vibration and interior noise in rotorcraft. The approach involves designing a taper into the thickness of blade stiffeners which, when combined with a limited amount of absorbing material in the thinned region, creates what is known as an "acoustic black hole" (ABH) in the stiffener. It is hypothesized that optimally designed ABH stiffeners can reduce broadband vibrations in stiffened panels. An optimization routine has been developed to determine the tradeoffs between vibration, mass, and buckling load due to compression parallel to the stiffeners. The tradeoffs are visualized using a 3-D Pareto front that helps the designer decide on the optimal design. Carbon/epoxy panels were made using vacuum-bag-oven processing with out-of-autoclave prepreg and verified to be of good quality. Panel vibration, buckling onset, and post-buckling load-deflection behavior were simulated using finite elements and measured using model testing and compression testing. Based on preliminary results, ABH-tapered stiffened panels have the ability to reduce radiated noise without a significant penalty in the mass and compressive load-bearing capability. Copyright © 2023 by the Vertical Flight Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optimal systems

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DDPG-Based PID Optimal Controller for Position and Sway Angle of RTGC

DDPG-Based PID Optimal Controller for Position and Sway Angl...

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International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems ( ICCAS)

作者： Steven Bandong Yul Y. Nazaruddin Endra Joelianto Engineering Physics Doctoral Program Faculty of Industrial Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia Faculty of Industrial Technology Instrumentation and Control Research Group Bandung Indonesia

Increasing global trade requires fast and accurate container transfers by minimizing positional errors and swing angles on the Rubber Tyred Gantry Crane (RTGC) at the container yard causing that the optimization of the controller is a necessity. Currently developing artificial intelligence, namely reinforcement learning based Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) approach, can provide continuous action or output that can be used for controller optimization problems. DDPG can learn from its interactions with the environment, allowing it to identify the best optimal parameter region. This paper proposes DDPG as an PID controller optimizer for position and swing angle of RTGC tested on six episode variations and a trajectory reference. The results garnered from this proposed methodology reveal that the optimal PID parameters perform well across a spectrum of reference trajectories, as well as under varying system parameters such as container masses and rope lengths, as demonstrated by metrics like position and swing angle error, rise time, settling time, and overshoot.

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Field driven cluster formation in two-dimensional colloidal binary mixtures

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Qian, Dingwen de la Cruz, Monica Olvera Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Applied Physics Program Departments of Materials Science and Engineering Chemistry and Physic and Astronomy Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States

We study size- and charge-asymmetric oppositely charged colloids driven by an external electric field. The large particles are connected by harmonic springs, forming a hexagonal-lattice network while the small particles are free of bonds and exhibit fluid-like motion. We show that this model exhibits a cluster formation pattern when the external driving force exceeds a critical value. The clustering is accompanied with stable wavepackets in vibrational motions of the large particles. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Binary mixtures

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Exotic surface magnetotransport phenomena in the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator NiS2

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Physical Review Materials 2023年第10期7卷 104401-104401页

作者： Sami El-Khatib Faisal Mustafa Mehmet Egilmez Bhaskar Das Yu Tao Moumita Maiti Yeon Lee Chris Leighton Department of Physics American University of Sharjah Sharjah PO Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Materials Science and Engineering Program American University of Sharjah Sharjah PO Box 26666 United Arab Emirates Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA

The pyrite-structure transition-metal disulfide NiS2 is in principle a model cubic antiferromagnetic Mott insulator that can be doped through insulator-metal transitions with both electrons and holes (in Ni1–xCuxS2 and Ni1–xCoxS2), eventually inducing superconductivity and ferromagnetism, respectively. Magnetism and transport have proven challenging to understand in NiS2, however. The antiferromagnetic spin structure below ∼39K is complex due to frustration, while unexplained weak ferromagnetism emerges below ∼30K. Surface conduction is also now understood to dominate in NiS2 at low temperatures, raising questions about the interpretation of decades of prior data. Here, we present a complete study of the surface magnetotransport phenomena that emerge at low temperatures in high-quality single-crystal NiS2, which turn out to be strikingly rich. On cooling, isotropic magnetoresistance due to a field-induced shift of the first-order weak ferromagnetic ordering transition is first uncovered, i.e., metamagnetic magnetoresistance. At lower temperatures, larger, anisotropic magnetoresistance effects arise due to distinct switching events associated with the weak ferromagnetism. Strong evidence is presented that this is due to a field-driven in-plane to out-of-plane reorientation of surface spins, likely correlated with surface steps and terraces. In-plane exchange bias accompanies these effects, further supporting this interpretation. At the lowest temperatures, the spin reorientation field eventually exceeds the 9-T measurement window, generating strongly field-asymmetric magnetoresistance. Some of these unusual phenomena also manifest in the Hall channel, culminating in a sizable anomalous Hall effect at low temperatures. These results significantly demystify recent magnetoresistance and magnetic microscopy observations in NiS2 crystals and nanoflakes, and constitute an important step in elucidating the complex electronic and magnetic properties of this pivotal antiferro

关键词： Electrical properties Electronic structure Magnetism Antiferromagnets Ferromagnets Mott insulators Magnetic techniques Transport techniques

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