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IEEE Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop (SNW)

作者： D.L. Nikal E.P. Pokatilov A.A. Balandin University of California Riverside Riverside CA US Department of Electrical Engineering University of California - Riverside Riverside California USA Department of Theoretical Physics State University of Moldova Chisinau Chisinau Republic of Moldova Materials Science and Engineering Program University of California - Riverside Riverside California USA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424420711

Maintaining high electron mobility in Si channels as the transistor feature sizes continue to decrease is important for the development of Si nanoelectronics. Here we propose a novel way for the enhancement of the phonon-limited electron mobility in Si ultra-thin films. The method works over the wide range of temperatures and does not require SiGe alloy under layers which deteriorate heat removal. Our calculations show that the modification of the acoustic phonon spectrum in Si thin films embedded within ¿acoustically hard¿ barriers results in the suppression of the electron - phonon scattering rates and corresponding increase in mobility.

关键词： Phonons Electron mobility Maintenance engineering HEMTs MODFETs Nanoelectronics Semiconductor films Temperature distribution Silicon germanium Germanium silicon alloys

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Enhancing the conductance of a two-electron nanomechanical oscillator

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Physical Review B 2008年第3期77卷 035428-035428页

作者： J. R. Johansson L. G. Mourokh A. Yu. Smirnov Franco Nori Frontier Research System The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan Department of Physics Queens College The City University of New York Flushing New York 11367 USA Department of Engineering Science and Physics College of Staten Island The City University of New York Staten Island New York 10314 USA CREST Japan Science and Technology Agency Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan Center for Theoretical Physics Applied Physics Program Center for the Study of Complex Systems Physics Department The University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan 48109-1040 USA

We consider electron transport through a mobile island (i.e., a nanomechanical oscillator) which can accommodate one or two excess electrons and show that, in contrast to immobile islands, the Coulomb blockade peaks, associated with the first and second electrons entering the island, have different functional dependences on the nano-oscillator parameters when the island coupling to its leads is asymmetric. In particular, the conductance for the second electron (i.e., when the island is already charged) is greatly enhanced in comparison to the conductance of the first electron in the presence of an external electric field. We also analyze the temperature dependence of the two conduction peaks and show that these exhibit different functional behaviors.

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Residual stress measurements in welded and plastically deformed target structural materials

Residual stress measurements in welded and plastically defor...

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Residual Stress Effects on Fatigue and Fracture Testing and Incorporation of Results into Design

作者： Roy, Ajit K. Venkatesh, Anand Dronavalli, Satish Marthandam, Vikram Wells, Douglas Selim, Farida Rogge, Ronald Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada Las Vegas Box 454027 4505 Maryland Parkway Las Vegas NV 89154 United States Department of Physics Idaho State University Campus Box 8106 785 S. 8th Ave. Pocatello ID 83209 United States Department of Physics Idaho State University Campus Box 8263 785 S. 8th Ave. Pocatello ID 83209 United States National Research Council Neutron Program for Materials Research Chalk River Laboratories Chalk River ON KOJ 1JO Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0803144725

Transmutation of spent nuclear fuels (SNF) is currently being considered to transform long-lived isotopes to species with relatively short half-lives and reduced radioactivity through capture and decay of minor actinides and fission products. This process is intended for geologic disposal of SNF for shorter durations in the proposed repository at the Yucca Mountain site. The structural material (Type 304L stainless steel/Alloy EP-823) surrounding the transmutation target will be subjected to welding operation and plastic deformation during fabrication, which could induce residual stresses in it. Destructive ring-core, and nondestructive x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and positron annihilation spectroscopic techniques were used to evaluate residual stresses in welded and cold-worked specimens of both materials. The results indicate that, in general, for a welded specimen consisting of Alloy EP-823 and Type 304L stainless steel on opposite sides, compressive and tensile residual stresses were observed in the former and latter materials, respectively. However, a welded specimen consisting of only Alloy EP-823 on both sides showed tensile residual stresses. The extent of residual stresses in cold-worked specimens was enhanced with increased level of cold-reduction. In case of a bent specimen, compressive and tensile residual stresses were noticed in the convex and concave sides, respectively. Copyright © 2005 by ASTM International.

关键词： Residual stresses

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The use of a virtual integration environment for the real-time implementation of neural decode algorithms

The use of a virtual integration environment for the real-ti...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： William Bishop Byron M. Yu Gopal Santhanam Afsheen Afshar Stephen I. Ryu Krishna V. Shenoy R. Jacob Vogelstein James Beaty Stuart Harshbarger Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins University Laurel MD USA Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit University College London London Canada Neurosciences Program University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering University of Stanford Stanford CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering Stanford University California USA

We have developed a virtual integration environment (VIE) for the development of neural prosthetic systems. This paper, the second of two companion articles, describes the use of the VIE as a common platform for the implementation of neural decode algorithms. In this paper, a linear filter decode and a recursive Bayesian algorithm are implemented as separate signal analysis modules of the VIE for the real-time decode of end effector trajectory. The process of implementing each algorithm is described and the real-time behavior as well as computational cost for each algorithm is examined. This is the first report of the real-time implementation of the Mixture of Trajectory Models decode [10]. These real-time algorithms can be easily interfaced with pre-existing modules of the VIE to control simulated and real devices.

关键词： Real-time systems Trajectory Signal analysis End effectors Synchronization Training Delays

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Spectroscopic Raman nanometrology of graphene and graphene multilayers on arbitrary substrates

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Journal of physics: Conference Series 2008年第1期109卷

作者： Calizo, I. Teweldebrhan, D. Bao, W. Miao, F. Lau, C.N. Balandin, A.A. Nano-Device Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering University of California - Riverside Riverside CA 92521 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California - Riverside Riverside CA 92521 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program Bourns College of Engineering University of California - Riverside Riverside CA 92521 United States

Raman spectroscopy is known to be an effective tool for characterization of graphene and graphene multilayers on the standard Si/SiO2 (300 nm) substrates, which allows one to determine non-destructively the number of the graphene layers and assess their quality. The Raman phonon peaks undergo modification when graphene is placed on other substrates due to changes in the nature and density of the defects, surface charges and different strength of the graphene - substrate bonding. We show that despite the spectrum variations the deconvolution of the double-resonant 2D band allows one to identify the number of graphene layers even on amorphous glass substrates. The results extend the application of Raman spectroscopy as nanometrology tool for graphene and graphene-based devices. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Modeling the impact of land-cover and rainfall regime change scenarios on the flow of Mara River, Kenya

Modeling the impact of land-cover and rainfall regime change...

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World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008: Ahupua'a

作者： Melesse, A.M. McClain, M. Wang, X. Abira, M. Mutayoba, W. Department of Environmental Studies Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St Miami FL 33199 United States Global Water for Sustainability Program Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St Miami FL 33199 United States Department of Mathematics Physics and Engineering Tarleton State University Box T-0390 Stephenville TX 76402 United States Lake Victoria South Catchment Management Authority Kenya Ministry of Water and Livestock Tanzania United Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9780784409763

The 13,750 km2 drainage area of the Mara River basin includes the agricultural and forested areas in the upper basin, the open pastureland in the middle portion of the basin and the Masai Mara Game Reserve and the Serengeti National Park in the lower portion. Hydrometeorological analysis of the basin has shown a decline in the dry season flow and increase peak flood frequency in recent years. Changes in the precipitation pattern (distribution and volume), deforestation in the upper basin and increase water use activity in the large scale agricultural areas have been topics of discussion. This study applies the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to study the hydrologic response of the basin to the major hydrological input scenarios: land cover and precipitation regime changes for the upper portion of the basin. The adapted SWAT model was calibrated using daily flow (1980-90) data from the Amala and Nyangores gauging stations. Two scenarios (rainfall volume reduction by 20% for 2010-2030 period and conversion of the Mau Forest area to agriculture) were developed and used in the hydrological modeling. The model output indicated that, a 20% reduction in the rainfall volume translates to an average 46% reduction in annual flow at the Amala gauging station for the period considered. The forest-to-agriculture conversion of the Mau Forest, the water tower of the Mara River, yields only a 3.2% decline in the combined Amala and Nyangores river annual flow. Examining the low flows has shown that the base flow reduced during the dry seasons with the second scenario and this reduction was significant when rainfall decline was used in the simulation. © 2008 ASCE.

关键词： Rivers

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Nanoscale porous silicon waveguides for biosensing applications

Nanoscale porous silicon waveguides for biosensing applicati...

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IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

作者： G. Rong X. Wei C. Kang M. Liscidini J. E. Sipe R. L. Mernaugh S. M. Weiss Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA Department of Physics and Institute for Optical Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ONT Canada Department of Biochemistry Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA

Nanoscale porous silicon waveguides, both on silicon substrates and free-standing membranes, are explored for biosensing applications. Measured detection limits in the nanomolar range are reported for DNA sensing.

关键词： Silicon Biosensors Optical waveguides Gratings Biomembranes Resonance DNA Biological materials Optical materials Optical surface waves

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Annual business and news:: Beginning the 31st year of the Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE CONTROL AND DYNAMICS 2008年第1期31卷 1-1页

作者： Schmidt, George T. Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) AIAA Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Russian Federation Academy of Navigation and Motion Control Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Missouri-Rolla(UMR) Lockheed Electronics Company Center for Space Research University of Texas Austin United States Wright Laboratory Eglin Air Force Base UMR AIAA Guidance Navigation and Control Technical Committee American Automatic Control Council Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company Palmdale CA United States C4ISR and Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) Programs for Air Vehicle Sciences and Systems Accreditation Board Engineering and Technology Inc./Aeronautical National Technical Committee on Guidance Navigation and Control Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York (SUNY) AIAA Technical Committee on GN and C Air Vehicles Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Space Access and Hypersonic Vehicle Guidance and Control Group Control Science Center of Excellence AFRL AIAA Technical Committee on Guidance Navigation and Control Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering University of California (UC) Davis United States Boeing Company Modernized Flight Control System for the Apache Longbow AIAA Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers AHS Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Boeing Company Flight Sciences and Advanced Design Group Guidance Navigation and Control (GN and C) Systems Engineer Distributed Space Systems NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) AIAA GN and C Technical Committee Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics University of Texas Austin United States Institute of Navigation American Astronautical Society AIAA Guidance Navigation (GN and C) and Control Technical Committee Department of Aerospace Engineering Iowa State University Iowa

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Modeling reflectance and fluorescence spectra of human pancreatic tissues for cancer diagnostics

Modeling reflectance and fluorescence spectra of human pancr...

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Frontiers in Optics, FiO 2008

作者： Wilson, Robert H. Chandra, Malavika Scheiman, James Heidt, David Simeone, Diane McKennae, Barbara Myceka, Mary-Ann Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Dept. of Internal Medicine University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Dept. of Surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Dept. of Pathology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 United States

Reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy were used in a limited pilot study to probe freshly excised human pancreatic tissues;mathematical modeling of the data quantitatively showed biologically relevant physical dif... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528612

关键词： Fluorescence spectroscopy

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Towards a microcoil for intracranial and intraductal MR microscopy

Towards a microcoil for intracranial and intraductal MR micr...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Debra S. Strick Ray L. Nunnally Jolinda C. Smith W. Gilbert Clark Dixie J. Mills Mark S. Cohen Jack W. Judy Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental program University of California Los Angeles CA USA University of Oregon OR USA Lewis Center for Neuroimaging University of Oregon Eugene OR USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los Angeles CA USA Dr. Susan Love Research Foundation Santa Monica CA USA Psychiatry Departments University of California Los Angeles CA USA Electrical Engineering Department University of California Los Angeles CA USA

Implantable RF-coils have enabled sub-mm resolution magnetic resonance images (MRI) of deep structures. Scaling down the size of RF coils has similarly provided a gain in signal-to-noise ratio in nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. By combining both approaches we designed, fabricated, and imaged with an implantable microcoil catheter. While typical implantable catheters use a transverse magneti-zation, the axial magnetization of the microcoil provides improved sensitivity and allows visualization of the tissue beyond the distal end of the catheter. The microcoil catheter was designed with a diameter of 1 mm for future integration with intracranial devices, and for intraductal use in breast oncology. We modified the NMR-microcoil design to allow implantation of the RF coil, by winding the microcoil on medical-grade silicone tubing and incorporating leads on the catheter to connect circuit components. In order to achieve proper turn spacing, we coated copper wire with 25 μm of biocompatible polymer (Parylene C). Tuning and matching circuitry insured that the impedance of the RF coil was approximately 50 Ω at the operating frequency for 3-T proton MR applications. A duplexer was used to enable use of the microcoil catheter as a transceiver. Experimental verification of the coil design was achieved through ex vivo imaging of neural tissue. As expected, the microcoil catheter provided microscale images with 20-μm in-plane-resolution and 170-μm-thick slices. While 3-T MRI typically provides 1 to 30 voxels per-cubic-millimeter, in this paper we report that the MRI microcoil can provide hundreds, and even thousands of voxels in the same volume.

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