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European Conference on Biomedical Optics, ECBO 2007

作者： Chandra, Malavika Heidt, David Simeone, Diane McKenna, Barbara Scheiman, James Mycek, Mary-Ann Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States Dept. of Surgery University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States Dept. of Pathology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States Division of Gastroenterology University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States Dept. of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor MI 48109 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819467713

The ability of multi-modal optical spectroscopy to detect signals from pancreatic tissue was demonstrated by studying human pancreatic cancer xenografts in mice and freshly excised human pancreatic tumor tissue. Measured optical spectra and fluorescence decays were correlated with tissue morphological and biochemical properties. The measured spectral features and decay times correlated well with expected pathological differences in normal, pancreatitis and adenocarcinoma tissue states. The observed differences between the fluorescence and reflectance properties of normal, pancreatitis and adenocarcinoma tissue indicate a possible application of multi-modal optical spectroscopy to differentiating between the three tissue classifications. © 2007 SPIE-OSA.

关键词： Tissue

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Calorimetric study of the crystallization kinetics of Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1 metallic glass

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Physical Review B 2007年第10期75卷 104206-104206页

作者： S. Venkataraman H. Hermann C. Mickel L. Schultz D. J. Sordelet J. Eckert FG Physikalische Metallkunde FB 11 Material- und Geowissenschaften Technische Universität Darmstadt Petersenstraße 23 D-64287 Darmstadt Germany Leibniz-Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 D-01069 Dresden Germany Material and Engineering Physics Program Ames Laboratory (USDOE) Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50014 USA

The isochronal and isothermal activation energies for the primary crystallization process of Cu47Ti33Zr11Ni8Si1 metallic glass powders subjected to varying thermal treatments have been evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and determined using the Kissinger approach and the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) analysis, respectively. The values of the differential Avrami exponent are also determined from the isothermal data. Assuming diffusion-controlled growth, it is shown that thermal treatment of the samples in the supercooled liquid region considerably influences the behavior of the nucleation rate during the crystallization process. Microstructural investigations indicate that the thermal treatment is accompanied by precipitation of fine nanocrystals in an amorphous matrix. The values for the activation energies determined by both the Kissinger approach and the JMA analysis are similar for the as-prepared powder, but a significant difference is found for the thermally treated powders. This discrepancy is explained on the basis of the fundamental assumptions made in the models. It will be shown that the Kissinger method fails if the differential Avrami exponent changes significantly during the transformation process.

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Estimation of the Blood Pressure using Arterial Pressure-Volume Model

Estimation of the Blood Pressure using Arterial Pressure-Vol...

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IEEE EMBS International Conference on Information Technology Applications in Biomedicine (ITAB)

作者： J. H. Jung S. H. Yoon J. H. Kim I. C. Kim A. Y. Jeon S. Y. Ye B. C. Kim B. J. Shin J. H. Ro K. G. Nam Y. J. Kim G. R. Jeon Department of Interdisciplinary program in Biomedical Engineering Pusan National University Busan Korea PhysioLab Corp. Busan Korea Department of Physics Inje University Kyungnam Korea BK21 Medical Science Education Center School of medicine Pusan National Universiry Busan Korea Department of BioSystems Engineering Pusan National University Kyungnam Korea Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Medicine Pusan National University Busan Korea Department Electronics Engineering Pusan National University Busan Korea Department of Family Medicine Pusan National University Busan Korea PhysioLab Corporation Busan South Korea

An analysis of the conventional blood pressure estimation method of the oscillometric sphygmomanometer was performed through a computer simulation using an arterial pressure-volume(APV) model. A more accurate blood pressure estimation method was proposed from the analysis. Traditionally, the maximum amplitude algorithm was applied on the oscillation waveforms of the APV model to get the mean arterial pressure and the characteristic ratio. In doing so, the shape of pressure waveforms and the cutoff frequency of high-pass filter circuitry strongly affected the estimation of mean arterial pressure and characteristic ratio. This resulted in errors when estimating blood pressure. To find an algorithm independent from the influence of waveform shapes and filter parameters, the volume oscillation of the APV model and the phase shift of the oscillation with FFT were identified by increasing the cuff pressure from 1 mmHg to 200 mmHg (1 mmHg per second). The phase shift between the ranges of volume oscillation was then only observed between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The same results were obtained from simulations performed on two different arterial blood pressure waveforms and one hyperthermia waveform.

关键词： Blood pressure Shape Filters Performance analysis Computer simulation Cutoff frequency Circuits Frequency estimation Arterial blood pressure Hyperthermia

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Devitrification of the low temperature magnetic-glass state in Gd5Ge4

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Physical Review B 2007年第18期75卷 184410-184410页

作者： S. B. Roy M. K. Chattopadhyay A. Banerjee P. Chaddah J. D. Moore G. K. Perkins L. F. Cohen K. A. Gschneidner, Jr. V. K. Pecharsky Magnetic and Superconducting Materials Section Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology Indore 452013 India UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research Indore 452017 India Blackett Laboratory Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London SW7 2BZ United Kingdom Materials and Engineering Physics Program Ames Laboratory of the US DOE Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011-3020 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University Ames Iowa 50011-2300 USA

The first-order antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition in Gd5Ge4 becomes arrested at low temperatures in a certain range of applied magnetic fields. This effect gives rise to a low temperature magnetic-glass state in Gd5Ge4. Here we report results of dc magnetization measurements investigating the static and dynamic magnetic properties of this low temperature magnetic-glass state. The process of devitrification (or de-arrest) of this magnetic glass is studied by varying both magnetic field and temperature. This devitrification process has quite distinct and separate signatures compared to the process of the magnetic-glass formation. Furthermore, the results of our experimental study support the recently introduced phenomenological idea of correlation between the supercooling of the antiferromagnetic phase and the kinetic arrest of the antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition.

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Effects of sound on the behavior of toothed whales

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2008年第5_SUPPLEMENT期123卷 2984-2984页

作者： Peter Tyack Ian Boyd Diane Claridge Christopher W. Clark David Moretti Brandon Southall Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering Dept. Woods Hole MA 02543 USA ptyack@whoi.edu Sea Mammal Research Unit Gatty Marine Laboratory University of St Andrews KY16 8LB St Andrews UK ilb@st‐andrews.ac.uk Bahamas Marine Mammal Research Organisation P.O. Box AB‐20714 Abaco 0 Marsh Harbour Bahamas bmms@*** Cornell University Laboratory of Ornithology Bioacoustics Research Program 159 Sapsucker Woods Road Ithaca NY 14850 USA cwc2@cornell.edu NAVSEA Newport Undersea Warfare Center Newport RI RI 02841 USA MorettiDJ@npt.nuwc.navy.mil National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East West Hwy SSMC III #12539 Silver Spring MD 20910‐6233 USA Brandon.Southall@noaa.gov

We report initial results from a study on behavioral responses of beaked and other whales to sonar and other sounds. This research is designed to provide new science‐based approaches for mitigating the risk of sonar to beaked and other whales. The study was conducted at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) range near Andros Island in the Bahamas, where Blainville's beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) can regularly be detected using passive acoustic monitoring of their echolocation clicks. Tags recorded sound at the whale and behavior of the whale. Data were collected from 10 tag deployments, 6 on Blainville's beaked whales and 4 on pilot whales. 109 hours of data were collected from tags, 74 hours from beaked whales and 34 hours from pilot whales. Playbacks of mid‐frequency sonar and killer whale calls were performed on 3 of the tagged whales, 1 beaked whale and 2 pilot whales. The tagged beaked whale responded to both sonar and killer whale sounds by premature cessation of clicking during foraging dives (RL = ∼117 dB re 1 μPa for the killer whale sound, ∼145 dB for the sonar), and an unusually slow and long ascent.

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A comparison between traditional shift-and-add (SAA) and point-by-point back projection (BP) -- relevance to morphology of microcalcifications for isocentric motion in Digital Breast tomosynthesis (DBT)

A comparison between traditional shift-and-add (SAA) and poi...

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IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE)

作者： Ying Chen Joseph Y. Lo James T. Dobbins Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Southem Illinois University Carbondale Carbondale IL USA Duke Adavanced Imaging Laboratories Duke University Medical Center Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University and Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina 27710 Duke Advanced Imaging Laboratories Duke University and Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina 27710 Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University and Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina 27710

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a three-dimensional imaging technique providing an arbitrary set of reconstruction planes in the breast with limited series of projection images. This paper describes a comparison between traditional shift-and-add (SAA) and point-by-point back projection (BP) algorithms by impulse response and modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis. Due to the partial isocentric motion of the x-ray tube in DBT, structures such as microcalcifications appear slightly blurred in traditional shift-and-add (SAA) images in the direction perpendicular to the direction of tube's motion. Point-by-point BP improved rendition of microcalcifications. The sharpness and morphology of calcifications were improved in a human subject images. A filtered back projection (FBP) deblurring approach was used to demonstrate deblurred point-by-point BP tomosynthesis images. The point-by-point BP rather than traditional SAA should be considered as the foundation of further deblurring algorithms for DBT reconstruction.

关键词： Morphology Image reconstruction X-ray imaging Back Image edge detection Breast cancer Detectors Biomedical engineering Transfer functions Humans

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Novel multifunctional PHDCA/PEI nano-drug carriers for simultaneous magnetically-targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis using magnetic resonance imaging

Novel multifunctional PHDCA/PEI nano-drug carriers for simul...

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2007 Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO/PACIFIC RIM 2007), vol.2

作者： Sungbaek Seo Jaemoon Yang Woochan Hyung Eun-Jin Cho Yong Jin Song Ho-Geun Yoon Jin-Suck Suh Yong-Min Huh Seungjoo Haam Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 South Korea Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering Yonsei University Seoul 120-749 South Korea Department of Radiology College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul 120-752 South Korea Department of Physics College of Natural Science Ajou University Suwon 433-749 South Korea Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Center for Chronic Metabolic Disease Research College of Medicine Yonsei University Seoul 120-752 South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)1424411742

Novel multifunctional magnetic polycation drug carriers (MPDCs) were synthesized to provide simultaneous magnetically targeted cancer therapy and diagnosis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MPDCs demonstrated ultra-sensitivity via MRI and sufficient magnetic mobility under an external magnetic field. Drug loading efficiency and release kinetics were also investigated to assess the therapeutic potential of the MPDCs.

关键词： In vivo imaging Magnetic fields Magnetic resonance imaging Microscopy Nanocrystals Nanoparticles

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Lattice Boltzmann Algorithms for Fluid Turbulence

Lattice Boltzmann Algorithms for Fluid Turbulence

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DoD High Performance Computing Modernization program Users Group

作者： G. Vahala J. Yepez M. Soe L. Vahala S. Ziegeler Department of Physics The College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA USA U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory MA USA US Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Hanscom Field MA Department of Mathematics and Science Rogers State University Claremore OK USA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA High Performance Computing Modernization Program Mississippi State University MS

Lattice Boltzmann algorihms are a mesoscopic representation of nonlinear continuum physics (like Navier-Stokes, magnetohydro dynamics (MHD), Gross- Pitaevskii equations) which are ideal for parallel supercomputers because they transform the difficult nonlinear convective macroscopic derivatives into purely local moments of distribution functions. The macroscopic nonlinearities are recovered by relaxation distribution functions in the collision operator whose dependence on the macroscopic velocity is algebraically nonlinear and thus purely local. Unlike standard computational fluid dynamics codes, there is no loss in parallelization in handling arbitrary geometric boundaries, e.g., using bounce-back rules from kinetic theory. By encoding detailed balance into the collision operator through the introduction of discrete H-function, the lattice Boltzmann algorithm can be made unconditionally stable for arbitrary high Reynolds numbers. It is shown that this approach is a special case of a quantum lattice Boltzmann algorithm that entangles local qubits through unitary collision operators and which is ideally parallelized on quantum computer architectures. Here we consider turbulence simulations using 2,048 PEs on a 1,6003-spatial grid. A connection is found between the rate of change of enstrophy and the onset of laminar-to- turbulent flows.

关键词： Lattice Boltzmann methods Magnetohydrodynamics Distribution functions Quantum computing Quantum entanglement physics Fluid dynamics Navier-Stokes equations Nonlinear equations Supercomputers

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Proposed Marine Mammal Noise Exposure Criteria: Current Data Base, Limitations, and Research Needs

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The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 2008年第5_SUPPLEMENT期123卷 2988-2988页

作者： Darlene R. Ketten Ann E. Bowles William T. Ellison James J. Finneran Roger L. Gentry Charles R. Greene David Kastak James H. Miller Paul E. Nachtigall W J. Richardson Brandon Southall Jeanette A. Thomas Peter Tyack Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering Dept. Woods Hole MA 02543 USA dketten@whoi.edu Hubbs‐Sea World Research Institute 2595 Ingraham Street San Diego CA 92109 USA abowles@*** Marine Acoustics Inc 809 Aquidneck Ave Middletown RI 02842 USA WEMAI@*** US Navy Marine Mammal Program Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center 53560 Hull St. Code 71510 San Diego CA 92152 USA james.finneran@navy.mil ProScience Consulting LLC P.O. Box 177 Dickerson MD 20842‐0177 USA roger.gentry@*** Greeneridge Sciences Inc. 4512 Via Huerto Santa Barbara CA 93110 USA cgreene@*** UCSC Institute of Marine Sciences Long Marine Lab ‐ University of California 100 Shaffer Road Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA kastak@ucsc.edu University of Rhode Island Department of Ocean Engineering Narragansett Bay Campus Narragansett RI 02882 USA miller@egr.uri.edu University of Hawaii Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology P.O. Box 1106 Kailua HI 96734 USA nachtiga@hawaii.edu LGL Ltd. Environmental Research Associates P.O. Box 280 22 Fisher St King City AB L7B 1A6 Canada wjr@*** National Marine Fisheries Service 1315 East West Hwy SSMC III #12539 Silver Spring MD 20910‐6233 USA Brandon.Southall@noaa.gov Western Illinois University Quad Cities Department of Biological Sciences 3561 60th St. Moline IL 61265 USA j‐thomas@wiu.edu Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Applied Ocean Physics & Engineering Dept. Woods Hole MA 02543 USA ptyack@whoi.edu

This paper presents the findings of an inter‐disciplinary expert panel based on comprehensive review of hearing and noise effects data for marine and land mammals. The principal motivation for the review was to assist formulation of data‐based noise exposure criteria in light of rapidly evolving research advances in marine mammal hearing and underwater noise effects. Levels estimated to induce permanent hearing loss were determined for single exposure events for cetaceans (in water) and pinnipeds (in air and water) for each of 15 sound type/animal group combinations. These recommendations represent a current best estimate only and are modular, with modifiable key variables; e.g., source and exposure, to facilitate revision as data improve. In some cases, relatively explicit injury limits are proposed, e.g., 186 dB re: 1μPa2‐s (frequency‐weighted sound exposure level) and 218 dB re: 1μPapeak (unweighted peak sound pressure level) for pinnipeds in water exposed to multiple sound pulses. In others, particularly for behavioural effects of multiple‐pulse and non‐pulse exposures, response severity and significance are quantitatively scored, but the data do not allow identification of specific broadly‐applicable disturbance thresholds. These findings are a current best effort and include a discussion of limitations and recommended research needed to address data gaps.

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State of the Climate in 2008

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BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2009年第8期90卷 S13-+页

作者： Peterson, T. C. Baringer, M. O. Thorne, P. W. Menne, M. J. Kennedy, J. J. Christy, J. Seidel, D. Mears, C. Haimberger, L. Wang, Junhong Zhang, L. Levinson, D. H. Hilburn, K. A. Kruk, M. C. Robinson, D. A. Foster, M. J. Ackerman, S. A. Bennartz, R. Heidinger, A. K. Maddux, B. C. Rossow, W. B. Macdonald, A. M. Fekete, B. M. Bowling, L. C. Lammers, R. B. Lawford, R. Allan, R. Wong, Takmeng Stackhouse, P. W., Jr. Kratz, D. P. Wilber, A. C. Schnell, R. C. Dlugokencky, E. J. Montzka, S. A. Elkins, J. W. Dutton, G. S. Haywood, J. Bellouin, N. Jones, A. Weber, M. Pelto, M. S. Belward, A. S. Bartholome, E. Achard, F. Brink, A. B. Gobron, N. Belward, A. S. Levy, J. M. Xue, Y. Reynolds, R. W. Johnson, G. C. Lyman, J. M. Willis, J. K. Levitus, S. Boyer, T. Antonov, J. Schmid, C. Goni, G. J. Yu, L. Weller, R. A. Goni, G. J. Knaff, J. A. Johnson, G. C. Lyman, J. M. Lumpkin, R. Goni, G. Dohan, K. Baringer, M. O. Meinen, C. S. Johnson, G. C. Kanzow, T. O. Cunningham, S. A. Johns, W. E. Beal, L. M. Hirschi, J. J. -M. Rayner, D. Longworth, H. R. Bryden, H. L. Marotzke, J. Merrifield, M. A. Nerem, R. S. Mitchum, G. T. Miller, L. Leuliette, E. Gill, S. Feely, R. A. Sabine, C. L. Feely, R. A. Wanninkhof, R. Takahashi, T. Behrenfeld, M. J. Siegel, D. A. O'Malley, R. T. Maritorena, S. Dickson, A. G. Feely, R. A. Dickson, A. G. Diamond, H. J. L'Heureux, M. Bell, G. Halpert, M. Bell, G. D. Blake, E. Goldenberg, S. B. Kimberlain, T. Landsea, C. W. Pasch, R. Schemm, J. Kruk, M. C. Levinson, D. H. Weyman, J. Camargo, S. J. Gleason, K. L. Kruk, M. C. Salinger, M. J. Trewin, B. Watkins, A. B. Luo, J. J. Richter-Menge, J. Overland, J. Wang, M. Walsh, J. Perovich, D. K. Meier, W. Nghiem, S. V. Walker, D. A. Bhatt, U. S. Raynolds, M. K. Comiso, J. E. Epstein, H. E. Jia, G. J. Romanovsky, V. Oberman, N. Drozdov, D. Malkova, G. Kholodov, A. Marchenko, S. Derksen, C. Brown, R. Wang, Lei Sharp, M. Wolken, G. Box, J. E. Bai, L. -S. Benson, R. Bhattacharya, I. Bromwich, D. H. Cappelen, J. Decker, D. DiGirolamo, N. Fettweis, X. Hall, D. Hanna, E. Mote, Universidad de Chile Santiago Chile Institute for Environment and Sustainability Joint Research Centre Ispra Italy Earth Sciences Centre University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Cimss University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States Center for Geophysical Research University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Met Office Hadley Centre Devon Exeter United Kingdom NOAA/NESDIS National Ocean Data Center Silver Spring MD United States Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute St. Petersburg Russian Federation Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation Cairo Egypt DMH-DINAC/CTA-UCA Asunción Paraguay Byrd Polar Research Center Department of Geography The Ohio State University Columbus OH United States NOAA/NWS Honolulu HI United States NOAA/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Physical Oceanography Division Miami FL United States Argentine Naval Hydrographic Service Buenos Aires Argentina Centro de Geofísica da Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Division of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography Miami FL United States Oregon State University Corvallis OR United States International Institute for Climate and Society Palisades NY United States Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States Geophysical Institute University of Alaska-Fairbanks Fairbanks AK United States Instituto de Fisica Montevideo Uruguay German Meteorological Service Offenbach Germany NOAA/NWS/NCEP National Hurricane Center Miami FL United States Institute of Meteorology of Cuba La Habana Cuba Department of Agronomy Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States Climate Research Division Environment Canada Downsview ON Canada Ocean Observing and Climate Research Group National Oceanography Centre Southampton United Kingdom All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrological Information Obninsk Russian Federation Lamont Doherty Earth Observa

The global mean temperature in 2008 was slightly cooler than that in 2007; however, it still ranks within the 10 warmest years on record. Annual mean temperatures were generally well above average in South America, northern and southern Africa, Iceland, Europe, Russia, South Asia, and Australia. In contrast, an exceptional cold outbreak occurred during January across Eurasia and over southern European Russia and southern western Siberia. There has been a general increase in land-surface temperatures and in permafrost temperatures during the last several decades throughout the Arctic region, including increases of 1° to 2°C in the last 30 to 35 years in Russia. Record setting warm summer (JJA) air temperatures were observed throughout *** year 2008 was also characterized by heavy precipitation in a number of regions of northern South America, Africa, and South Asia. In contrast, a prolonged and intense drought occurred during most of 2008 in northern Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and southern Brazil, causing severe impacts to agriculture and affecting many *** year began with a strong La Niña episode that ended in June. Eastward surface current anomalies in the tropical Pacific Ocean in early 2008 played a major role in adjusting the basin from strong La Niña conditions to ENSO-neutral conditions by July–August, followed by a return to La Niña conditions late in December. The La Niña conditions resulted in far-reaching anomalies such as a cooling in the central tropical Pacific, Arctic Ocean, and the regions extending from the Gulf of Alaska to the west coast of North America; changes in the sea surface salinity and heat content anomalies in the tropics; and total column water vapor, cloud cover, tropospheric temperature, and precipitation patterns typical of a La Niña. Anomalously salty ocean surface salinity values in climatologically drier locations and anomalously fresh values in rainier locations observed in recent years generally persisted

关键词： Storms

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