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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO EUROPE)

作者： Andrea Cordaro Brian Edwards Vahid Nikkhah Andrea Alù Nader Engheta Albert Polman Institute of Physics University of Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands Center for Nanophotonics NWO-Institute AMOLF Amsterdam The Netherlands Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York USA Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York USA

ISBN: (纸本)9798350345995

The world's ever-growing need for efficient computing has been driving researchers from diverse research fields to explore alternatives to the current digital computing paradigm. In this context, the field of all-optical analog processing is gaining significant attention opening new possibilities to overcome the bottlenecks of standard microelectronics [1–5]. We present a Si-based optical metastructure that solves Fredholm integral equations of the second kind in a fully analog fashion at optical frequencies. We exploit the analogy between the integral equation solving and the behavior of an optimized periodic metagrating coupled to a feedback system. At the foundations of this mapping lies the possibility of designing the S-matrix of a periodic structure by setting its periodicity (i.e., the number of input/output modes and hence the dimension of the S-matrix) and optimizing its unit cell (i.e., optimizing the coupling of light into the defined diffraction modes in amplitude and phase), as shown in Fig. 1a. Next, we show how the designed metastructure effectively solves the problem of interest and compare the metasurface-based solution to the ideal solution. We show that electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching provide the spatial resolution required to create a hardware representation of a predefined Kernel, with relatively small deviations between experiments and simulations. We optically characterize the output for different input signals showing good agreement with the ideal simulated response and use the data to retrieve the solution experimentally provided by the metadevice (see Fig. 1b). Fig. 1 A. Schematic of the proposed structure. A silicon metasurface is patterned on top of a sapphire substrate. The superstrate consists of $\text{SiO}_{2}$ with a semi-transparent au mirror on top. Scale-bar 500 nm b. Estimate of the solution to the integral equation obtained by the fabricated metadevice.

关键词： Crosstalk Electron beam lithography Light diffraction Modes Phase Spatial resolution

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Cigarette Filter Recycling for Lithium-Ion Battery Separator

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2023年

作者： Setianto, Setianto Yuliansah, Lia Hidayat, Darmawan Department of Physics FMIPA Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Bandung – Sumendang km 21 Jatinangor Sumedang Indonesia Physics Sttudy Program FMIPA Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Bandung – Sumendang km 21 Jatinangor Sumedang Indonesia Department of Electrical Engineering FMIPA Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21 Sumedang45363 Indonesia

This study presents a pioneering approach to sustainable waste management and energy storage through the innovative development of a lithium-ion battery separator. By recycling cigarette filter waste, traditionally considered hazardous, and augmenting it with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for improved performance, the membrane exhibits enhanced thickness, porosity, and thermal stability, as validated by extensive physicochemical analyses. The research not only demonstrates the transformation of waste into a valuable resource but also represents a significant advancement in sustainable energy storage systems. The utilization of recycled materials emphasizes the potential of responsible waste management practices, offering a tangible solution to environmental challenges and contributing to a more sustainable future. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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Dynamics for the Haldane phase in the bilinear-biquadratic model

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Physical Review B 2022年第9期105卷 094309-094309页

作者： Arya Dhar Daniel Jaschke Lincoln D. Carr Department of Physics Colorado School of Mines Golden Colorado 80401 USA Institut für Theoretische Physik Leibniz Universiät Hannover Appelstrasse 2 30167 Hannover Germany Quantum Engineering Program Colorado School of Mines Golden Colorado 80401 USA

The bilinear-biquadratic model is a promising candidate to study spin-1 systems and to design quantum simulators based on its underlying Hamiltonian. The variety of different phases contains among other valuable and exotic phases the Haldane phase. We study the Kibble-Zurek physics of linear quenches into the Haldane phase. We outline ideal quench protocols to minimize defects in the final state while exploiting different linear quench protocols via the uniaxial or interaction term. Furthermore, we look at the fate of the string order when quenching from a topologically nontrivial phase to a trivial phase. Our studies show this depends significantly on the path chosen for quenching; for example, we discover quenches from Néel to Haldane phase which reach a string order greater than their ground state counterparts for the initial or final state at intermediate quench times.

关键词： Quantum phase transitions Quantum quench Topological phases of matter 1-dimensional systems

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Enabling Under-Ice Geochemical Observations with a Size, Weight, and Power-Constrained Robot

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Horowitz, Jess Preston, Victoria Michel, Anna P.M. Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge United States MIT-WHOI Joint Program Massachussetts Institute of Technology Cambridge United States Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole United States

Estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from Arctic estuarine environments are dominated by in situ summer-time ice-free dissolved gas measurements due to the logistical ease of performing field observations in these conditions. Recent evidence in coastal Arctic environments, however, has demonstrated that dissolved methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are strongly seasonally variable, and at least one significant gas ventilation event occurs during the spring freshet. Whether the Arctic serves as a source or sink of greenhouse emissions has significant implications on modeling climate change and its feedback mechanisms. To enable higher resolution spatiotemporal measurements of dissolved gases in typically undersampled conditions, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) can be used to extract near continuous water samples below ice before and during the spring freshet. Here, we present a size, weight, and power-constrained (SWAP) underwater vehicle (UV) and novel geochemical sampling system suitable for taking under-ice geochemical observations and demonstrate the proposed system in a field-analog setting for Arctic estuarine studies. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Selective-Area Growth of Gan and Algan Nanowires on N-Polar Gan Templates with 4° Miscut by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy

SSRN

引用

SSRN 2022年

作者： Khan, Kamruzzaman Jian, Zhe Li, Jonathan Sun, Kai Ahmadi, Elaheh Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann Arbor United States

In this study, selective area growth (SAG)s of AlGaN/GaN nanowires (NWs) on miscut N-polar GaN templates were studied and compared with that grown on Ga-polar templates using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The SAG of N-polar AlGaN/GaN NWs demonstrated higher growth rate and more growth selectivity than that of Ga-polar AlGaN/GaN NWs. Additionally, lateral growth rate of N-polar NWs was significantly lower than Ga-polar NWs. Compared to the pyramidal shaped top surfaces of Ga-polar NWs, the N-polar GaN NWs had flat head top surfaces. The combination of higher growth selectivity, larger growth window, negligible lateral growth, and flat head, makes N-polar (Al,Ga)N NWs attractive for a variety of applications including UV LEDs and detectors as well as quantum sensing. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aluminum gallium nitride

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PFAS compounds PFOA and Gen X are teratogenic to sea urchin embryos

引用

Developmental Biology 2025年 525卷 139-154页

作者： Lion, Alexandra T. Bodine, Sophie M. McCutcheon, Kelley R. Ghogale, Mayank Chandragiri, Santhan Abayawardena, Deema Shrestha, Bikram D. Descoteaux, Abigail Alvarez, Kathryn Balkman, J'nesse A. Cocke, Breelyn Wikramanayake, Athula H. Schlezinger, Jennifer Wong, Joyce Y. Prakash, Vivek N. Bradham, Cynthia A. Molecular Biology Cell Biology and Biochemistry Program Boston University Boston MA United States Biology Department Boston University Boston MA United States Bioinformatics Program Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Physics University of Miami Coral Gables FL United States Department of Biology University of Miami Coral Gables FL United States Biological Design Center College of Engineering Boston University Boston MA United States Environmental Health Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Boston University Boston MA United States Department of Marine Biology and Ecology University of Miami Miami FL United States

Per-and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) are synthetic compounds used in the production of fluoropolymer coatings found in products such as non-stick pans, clothing, cosmetics, and food packaging. These highly persistent molecules are known as “forever chemicals” since they neither degrade environmentally nor break down enzymatically within biological systems. PFAS compounds readily contaminate water sources, and as a result, certain PFAS molecules have bioaccumulated in exposed species including humans. The purpose of this study was to define the effect of two PFAS molecules, the ostensibly more toxic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and the more recent, reportedly safer chemical hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (Gen X), on the development of Lytechinus variegatus sea urchin embryos. We examined the effects of PFOA and Gen X on development and patterning using morphological analysis, immunostaining, HCR-FISH, and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The results show that both PFAS compounds are teratogenic to sea urchin embryos. PFOA and Gen X each function at different intervals during development and provoke distinct phenotypic and gene expression outcomes. Despite beliefs that Gen X would be a safer alternative, our findings indicate that Gen X has earlier and more severe effects on endomesoderm and dorsal-ventral axis specification, neural development and function, and pattern formation compared to PFOA. These results illustrate the dangerous teratogenic potential of environmentally accumulating PFAS like Gen X, underscoring the negative ecological implications that accompany continuing commercial and industrial use of PFAS in the absence of remediation strategies. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Cilia Gen X Neural PFOA Teratogen

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In vivo Detection of NO using Photonic Microring Resonators

In vivo Detection of NO using Photonic Microring Resonators

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Sakib Hassan Xuan Zhao Christian C. Schreib Guillaume Duret Omid Veiseh Jacob T. Robinson Electrical & Computer Engineering Rice University Houston USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston USA Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston USA

Here we show how photonic microring resonators enable real-time detection of Nitric Oxide (NO) in vivo, which is critical for physiological monitoring particularly during the wound healing process.

ISBN: (数字)9781957171050

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466660

Here we show how photonic microring resonators enable real-time detection of Nitric Oxide (NO) in vivo, which is critical for physiological monitoring particularly during the wound healing process.

关键词： Integrated optics In vivo Optical resonators Wounds Laser modes Lab-on-a-chip Real-time systems

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Field-induced spin polarization in lightly Cr-substituted layered antiferromagnet NiPS3

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Basnet, Rabindra Upreti, Dinesh Patel, Taksh Chhetri, Santosh Karki Acharya, Gokul Nabi, Md. Rafique Un Sharma, Manish Mani Sakon, Josh Mortazavi, Mansour Hu, Jin Department of Chemistry & Physics University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Pine BluffAR71603 United States Department of Physics University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States MonArk NSF Quantum Foundry University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States Fayetteville High School FayettevilleAR72701 United States Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Arkansas FayettevilleAR72701 United States

Tuning magnetic properties in layered magnets is an important route to realize novel phenomenon related to two-dimensional (2D) magnetism. Recently, tuning antiferromagnetic (AFM) properties through substitution and intercalation techniques have been widely studied in MPX3 compounds. Interesting phenomena, such as diverse AFM structures and even the signatures of ferrimagnetism, have been reported. However, long-range ferromagnetic (FM) ordering has remained elusive. In this work, we explored the magnetic properties of the previously unreported Cr-substituted NiPS3. We found that Cr substitution is extremely efficient in controlling spin orientation in NiPS3. Our study reveals a field-induced spin polarization in lightly (9%) Cr-substituted NiPS3, which is likely attributed to the attenuation of AFM interactions and magnetic anisotropy due to Cr doping. Our work provides a possible strategy to achieve FM phase in AFM MPX3, which could be useful for investigating 2D magnetism as well as potential device applications. © 2024, CC0.

关键词： Magnetic anisotropy

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Full-Duplex Beamforming in the Sub-Terahertz Regime

Full-Duplex Beamforming in the Sub-Terahertz Regime

引用

International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves

作者： Subhajit Karmakar Atsutse Kludze Jacques Doumani Andrey Baydin Junichiro Kono Yasaman Ghasempour Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston TX USA Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University Houston TX USA Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering Rice University Houston TX USA

We propose a novel architecture that realizes full-duplex directional beamforming in the sub-terahertz regime. Our architecture leverages the frequency-controlled beam steering of leaky-wave antenna together with the polarization-dependent response of aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes. We evaluate the performance of this architecture via preliminary experiments.

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High Energy Density in layered 2D Nanomaterial based Polymer Dielectric Films

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Singh, Maninderjeet Das, Priyanka Samanta, Pabitra Narayan Bera, Sumit Thantirige, Ruskshan Shook, Brian Nejat, Roshanak Behera, Banarji Zhang, Qiqi Dai, Qilin Pramanik, Avijit Ray, Paresh Raghavan, Dharmaraj Leszczysnki, Jerzy Karim, Alamgir Pradhan, Nihar R. Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States Department of Chemistry Physics & Atmospheric Sciences Jackson State University JacksonMS39217 United States Materials Engineering Program University of Houston HoustonTX77204 United States School of Physics Sambalpur University Jyoti Vihar Burla Odisha Sambalpur768019 India Department of Chemistry Howard University WashingtonDC20059 United States

Dielectric capacitors are critical components in electronics and energy storage devices. The polymer-based dielectric capacitors have the advantages of device flexibility, fast charge-discharge rates, low loss, and graceful failure. Elevating the use of polymeric dielectric capacitors for advanced energy applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) however, requires significant enhancement of their energy densities. Here, we report a polymer thin film heterostructure-based capacitor of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate) with stratified 2D nanofillers (Mica or h-BN nanosheets) (PVDF/PMMA-2D fillers/PVDF), that shows enhanced permittivity, high dielectric strength and an ultra-high energy density of ≈ 75 J/cm3 with efficiency over 79%. Density functional theory calculations verify the observed permittivity enhancement. This approach of using oriented 2D nanofillers-based polymer heterostructure composites is expected to be versatile for designing high energy density thin film polymeric dielectric capacitors for myriads of applications. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Permittivity

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