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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lou, Yang Wang, Lin Chen, Guanrong The Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka University Osaka Suita565-0871 Japan The Department of Computer Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu300 Taiwan The Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China The Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education Shanghai200240 China The Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Network robustness is critical for various industrial and social networks against malicious attacks, which has various meanings in different research contexts and here it refers to the ability of a network to sustain its functionality when a fraction of the network fail to work due to attacks. The rapid development of complex networks research indicates special interest and great concern about the network robustness, which is essential for further analyzing and optimizing network structures towards engineering applications. This comprehensive survey distills the important findings and developments of network robustness research, focusing on the a posteriori structural robustness measures for single-layer static networks. Specifically, the a posteriori robustness measures are reviewed from four perspectives: 1) network functionality, including connectivity, controllability and communication ability, as well as their extensions;2) malicious attacks, including conventional and computation-based attack strategies;3) robustness estimation methods using either analytical approximation or machine learning-based prediction;4) network robustness optimization. Based on the existing measures, a practical threshold of network destruction is introduced, with the suggestion that network robustness should be measured only before reaching the threshold of destruction. Then, a posteriori and a priori measures are compared experimentally, revealing the advantages of the a posteriori measures. Finally, prospective research directions with respect to a posteriori robustness measures are recommended. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Complex networks

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Imaging the field inside nanophotonic devices

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Fishman, Tal Haeusler, Urs Dahan, Raphael Yannai, Michael Adiv, Yuval Abudi, Tom Lenkiewicz Shiloh, Roy Eyal, Ori Yousefi, Peyman Eisenstein, Gadi Hommelhoff, Peter Kaminer, Ido Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa32000 Israel Staudtstraße 1 Erlangen91058 Germany Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom

Controlling optical fields on the subwavelength scale is at the core of any nanophotonic device. Of particular interest are nanophotonic particle accelerators that promise a compact alternative to conventional radiofrequency-based accelerators. Efficient electron acceleration in such compact devices critically depends on achieving nanometer control of electron trajectories by precisely designed optical nearfields inside the device. However, these nearfields have so far been inaccessible due to the complexity of the devices and their geometrical constraints, hampering efforts to design and optimize future nanophotonic particle accelerators. Here we present the first measurement of the field distribution inside a nanophotonic accelerator. We develop a novel microscopy approach based on photon-induced nearfield electron microscopy (PINEM) to achieve frequency-tunable deep-subwavelength imaging of the nearfield inside nanophotonic accelerators. We compare the two leading designs of nanophotonic accelerators, also known as dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs): a dual-pillar structure with distributed Bragg reflector and an inverse-designed resonant structure. Our experiments are complemented by full 3D simulations, unveiling surprising deviations from the expected designs, showing complex field distributions related to intricate 3D features in the device and its fabrication tolerances. We further envision a tomography method to image the 3D field distribution, key for the future development of high-precision and hence high-efficiency DLA devices as well as other nanophotonic devices. © 2022, CC BY-SA.

关键词： Particle accelerators

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Photonic Terahertz Phased Array

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Niu, Li Feng, Xi Zhang, Xueqian Lu, Yongchang Wang, Qingwei Xu, Quan Chen, Xieyu Ma, Jiajun Qiu, Haidi Sha, Wei E.I. Zhang, Shuang Alù, Andrea Zhang, Weili Han, Jiaguang Center for Terahertz Waves College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Electronic Devices and Smart Systems of Zhejiang Province College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New York10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New York10016 United States School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK74078 United States Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing School of Optoelectronic Engineering Guilin University of Electronic Technology Guilin541004 China

Phased arrays are crucial in various technologies, such as radar and wireless communications, due to their ability to precisely control and steer electromagnetic waves. This precise control improves signal processing and enhances imaging performance. However, extending phased arrays to the terahertz (THz) frequency range has proven challenging, especially for high-frequency operation, broadband performance, two-dimensional (2D) phase control with large antenna arrays, and strong phase modulation. Here, we introduce a photonic platform to realize a THz phased array that bypasses the above challenges. Our method employs 2D phase coding with 2-bit across a broad THz frequency range from 0.8 to 1.4 THz. The core of our design is a pixelated nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry metasurface driven by a spatially modulated femtosecond laser, allowing precise phase control of THz signals. We showcase the effectiveness of our method through four proof-of-concept applications: single beamforming, dual beamforming, imaging and vortex beam generation. The realized photonic platform provides a promising pathway for developing broadband phased arrays in the THz regime. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Terahertz waves

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Homogeneous, Micron-Scale High-Energy-Density Matter Generated by Relativistic Laser-Solid Interactions

引用

Physical Review Letters 2022年第13期129卷 135001-135001页

作者： N. F. Beier H. Allison P. Efthimion K. A. Flippo L. Gao S. B. Hansen K. Hill R. Hollinger M. Logantha Y. Musthafa R. Nedbailo V. Senthilkumaran R. Shepherd V. N. Shlyaptsev H. Song S. Wang F. Dollar J. J. Rocca A. E. Hussein Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta T6G 2R3 Canada STROBE NSF Science and Technology Center University of California Irvine California 92617 USA Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory Princeton New Jersey 08536 USA Los Alamos National Laboratory P.O. Box 1163 Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80521 USA Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore California 94550 USA Department of Physics Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado 80521 USA

Short-pulse, laser-solid interactions provide a unique platform for studying complex high-energy-density matter. We present the first demonstration of solid-density, micron-scale keV plasmas uniformly heated by a high-contrast, 400 nm wavelength laser at intensities up to 2×1021 W/cm2. High-resolution spectral analysis of x-ray emission reveals uniform heating up to 3.0 keV over 1 μm depths. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate the production of a uniformly heated keV plasma to depths of 2 μm. The significant bulk heating and presence of highly ionized ions deep within the target are attributed to the few MeV hot electrons that become trapped and undergo refluxing within the target sheath fields. These conditions enabled the differentiation of atomic physics models of ionization potential depression in high-energy-density environments.

关键词： High intensity laser-plasma interactions High-energy-density plasmas plasma production & heating by laser beams, laser-foil, laser-cluster X-ray generation in plasmas Hot dense plasma laboratory plasma Particle-in-cell methods X-ray & gamma ray plasma measurements X-ray emission spectroscopy

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GRATIS: Deep Learning Graph Representation with Task-specific Topology and Multi-dimensional Edge Features

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Song, Siyang Song, Yuxin Luo, Cheng Song, Zhiyuan Kuzucu, Selim Jia, Xi Guo, Zhijiang Xie, Weicheng Shen, Linlin Gunes, Hatice The Department of Computer Science and Technology University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0FT United Kingdom Baidu Inc Beijing100193 China Computer Vision Institute School of Computer Science & Software Engineering Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Department of Computer Engineering Middle East Technical University Ankara Turkey School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Birmingham United Kingdom

Graph is powerful for representing various types of real-world data. The topology (edges’ presence) and edges’ features of a graph decides the message passing mechanism among vertices within the graph. While most existing approaches only manually define a single-value edge to describe the connectivity or strength of association between a pair of vertices, task-specific and crucial relationship cues may be disregarded by such manually defined topology and single-value edge features. In this paper, we propose the first general graph representation learning framework (called GRATIS) which can generate a strong graph representation with a task-specific topology and task-specific multi-dimensional edge features from any arbitrary input (i.e., graph or non-graph data). To learn each edge’s presence and multi-dimensional feature, our framework takes both of the corresponding vertices pair and their global contextual information into consideration, enabling the generated graph representation to have a globally optimal message passing mechanism for different down-stream tasks. The principled investigation results achieved for various graph analysis tasks (e.g., graph classification, vertex classification, and link prediction) on 11 graph and non-graph datasets show that our GRATIS can not only largely enhance pre-defined graphs but also learns a strong graph representation for non-graph data, with clear performance improvements on all tasks. In particular, the learned topology and multi-dimensional edge features provide complementary task-related cues for graph analysis tasks. Our framework is effective, robust and flexible, and is a plug-and-play module that can be combined with different backbones and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to generate a task-specific graph representation from various graph and non-graph data. Our code is made publicly available at https://***/SSYSteve/Learning-Graph-Representation-with-Task-specific-Topology-and-Multi-dimensional-Edge-Feature

关键词： Graph neural networks

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Negligible magnetic losses at low temperatures in liquid phase epitaxy grown Y3Fe5O12 films

引用

Physical Review Materials 2023年第5期7卷 054411-054411页

作者： A. R. Will-Cole James L. Hart Valeria Lauter Alexander Grutter Carsten Dubs Morris Lindner Timmy Reimann Nichole R. Valdez Charles J. Pearce Todd C. Monson Judy J. Cha Don Heiman Nian X. Sun Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87123 USA Materials Science and Engineering Department Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA Spallation Neutron Source Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37830 USA Center for High Resolution Neutron Scattering National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Maryland 37830 USA INNOVENT e.V. Technologieentwicklung Prüssingstrasse 27B 07745 Jena Germany Physics Department Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA Plasma Science and Fusion Center Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA

Yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12; YIG) has a unique combination of low magnetic damping, high spin-wave conductivity, and insulating properties that make it a highly attractive material for a variety of applications in the fields of magnetics and spintronics. While the room-temperature magnetization dynamics of YIG have been extensively studied, there are limited reports correlating the low-temperature magnetization dynamics to the material structure or growth method. Here we investigate liquid phase epitaxy grown YIG films and their magnetization dynamics at temperatures down to 10 K. We show there is a negligible increase in the ferromagnetic resonance linewidth down to 10 K, which is unique when compared with YIG films grown by other deposition methods. From the broadband ferromagnetic resonance measurements, polarized neutron reflectivity, and scanning transmission electron microscopy, we conclude that these liquid phase epitaxy grown films have negligible rare-earth impurities present, specifically the suppression of Gd diffusion from the Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) substrate into the Y3Fe5O12 film, and therefore negligible magnetic losses attributed to the slow-relaxation mechanism. Overall, liquid phase epitaxy YIG films have a YIG/GGG interface that is five times sharper and have ten times lower ferromagnetic resonance linewidths below 50 K than comparable YIG films by other deposition methods. Thus, liquid phase epitaxy grown YIG films are ideal for low-temperature experiments/applications that require low magnetic losses, such as quantum transduction and manipulation via magnon coupling.

关键词： Magnetization dynamics Magnetic insulators Solid-solid interfaces Thin films Ferromagnetic resonance Liquid epitaxy Neutron scattering Scanning transmission electron microscopy

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Hyperfine Spectroscopy of Isotopically Engineered Group-IV Color Centers in Diamond

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Harris, Isaac B.W. Michaels, Cathryn P. Chen, Kevin C. Parker, Ryan A. Titze, Michael Martínez, Jesús Arjona Sutula, Madison Christen, Ian R. Stramma, Alexander M. Roth, William Purser, Carola M. Appel, Martin Hayhurst Li, Chao Trusheim, Matthew E. Palmer, Nicola L. Markham, Matthew L. Bielejec, Edward S. Atatüre, Mete Englund, Dirk Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Sandia National Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM87123 United States DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory AdelphiMD20783 United States Element Six Global Innovation Centre Fermi Avenue Harwell DidcotOX11 0QR United Kingdom

A quantum register coupled to a spin-photon interface is a key component in quantum communication and information processing. Group-IV color centers in diamond (SiV–, GeV–, and SnV–) are promising candidates for this application, comprising an electronic spin with optical transitions coupled to a nuclear spin as the quantum register. However, the creation of a quantum register for these color centers with deterministic and strong coupling to the spin-photon interface remains challenging. Here, we make first-principles predictions of the hyperfine parameters of the group-IV color centers, which we verify experimentally with a comprehensive comparison between the spectra of spin active and spin neutral intrinsic dopant nuclei in single GeV– and SnV– emitters. In line with the theoretical predictions, detailed spectroscopy on large sample sizes reveals that hyperfine coupling causes a splitting of the optical transition of SnV– an order of magnitude larger than the optical linewidth and provides a magnetic-field insensitive transition. This strong coupling provides access to a new regime for quantum registers in diamond color centers, opening avenues for novel spin-photon entanglement and quantum sensing schemes for these well-studied emitters. © 2023, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Color

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A QoE Evaluation and Adaptation Method for Multi-player Online Games 14th

A QoE Evaluation and Adaptation Method for Multi-player Onli...

引用

14th EAI International Conference on Mobile Multimedia Communications, Mobimedia 2021

作者： Wang, Zaijian Guo, Wei Zhao, Le Yang, Weidong Mao, Shiwen Li, Zhipeng The School of Physics and Electronic Information Anhui Normal University Anhui Wuhu241002 China The Key Laboratory of Grain Information Processing and Control at Henan University of Technology Ministry of Education Henan Zhengzhou450001 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL36849-5201 United States Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology School of Physics and electronic information Anhui Normal University Wuhu241002 China

ISBN: (纸本)9783030898137

To evaluate the performance of multi-player online games (MPOGs) (e.g., the online Chinese poker game), this paper presents a novel Effective Quality of Experience (EQoE) concept that considers the interaction among multiple players. A novel QoE evaluation and adaptation method is proposed utilizing EQoE. Specifically, the proposed method assigns different weights to different players according to their roles in the multi-player online poker game. Some players with a lower weight are willing to reduce their own QoE to save network resources for players with a higher weight in order to keep the game going under poor network conditions. Our simulation study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed QoE evaluation and adaptation method. © 2021, ICST Institute for computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications engineering.

关键词： Quality control

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electrically reconfigurable heteronuclear dual-atom catalysts

引用

Nature Nanotechnology 2025年 1-2页

作者： Ning Han Li-Hua Chen Bao-Lian Su Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan China Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry (CMI) University of Namur Namur Belgium

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A Pricing Rule for Third-Party Platoon Coordination Service Provider

A Pricing Rule for Third-Party Platoon Coordination Service ...

引用

Asian Control Conference

作者： Ting Bai Alexander Johansson Shaoyuan Li Karl Henrik Johansson Jonas M&#x00E5 rtensson Integrated Transport Research Lab Digital Futures and Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Automation Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China

We model a platooning system including trucks and a third-party service provider that performs platoon coordination, distributes the platooning profit within platoons, and charges the trucks in exchange for its services. This paper studies one class of pricing rules, where the third-party service provider keeps part of the platooning profit each time a platoon is formed. Furthermore, we propose a platoon coordination solution based on distributed model predictive control in which the pricing rule is integrated. To evaluate the effect of the pricing on the platooning system, we perform a simulation over the Swedish road network. The simulation shows that the platooning rate and profit highly depend on the pricing. This suggests that pricing needs to be set carefully to obtain a satisfactory platooning system in the future.

关键词： Roads Pricing Predictive control

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