Semi-crystalline textures of polymers bring unique physical properties to most of synthetic polymeric *** metastable chain-folded lamellar crystallites with fold lengths ranging in a nanometer scaleprovide the necessa...
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Semi-crystalline textures of polymers bring unique physical properties to most of synthetic polymeric *** metastable chain-folded lamellar crystallites with fold lengths ranging in a nanometer scaleprovide the necessary hardness to polymeric *** the other hand,the interwoven highly elastic amorphous phases offer them good *** from a favorable combination of these two
Spacer groups are often an essential part of polymer structures, particularly functional polymers. Many physical, chemical and biological properties depend strongly on their size. They provide flexibility and fabricab...
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Spacer groups are often an essential part of polymer structures, particularly functional polymers. Many physical, chemical and biological properties depend strongly on their size. They provide flexibility and fabricability in highly rigid polymers. They also provide accessibility of functional groups, crystallization of side chains, separation of groups from the main chain for efficient chemical reactions and other characteristics. They can be found in natural polymers where flexible spacer groups provide essential links for the stability of polypeptide structures. In our research work we have studied the effects of flexible side chains for side chain crystallization and flexible side groups for reactivity on synthetic polymers, particularly, polyaldehydes, polyolefins, poly(ethylene oxides), poly(ω-alkenoic acid esters) and poly(alkyl methacrylates). Ultimately, we have shown some interest in how flexible links behave because of their oligomeric nature. The importance of short spacer groups on the crystallization of stereoregular polymers could possibly influence the stereospecificity of the addition to the catalyst site, for example, in propylene polymerization. In this paper we are trying to show, on a few demonstrative examples, the importance of spacer groups in macromolecular structures.
Background: Development of an artificial pancreas based on an automatic closed-loop algorithm that uses a subcutaneous insulin pump and continuous glucose sensor is a goal for biomedical engineering research. However,...
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Background: Development of an artificial pancreas based on an automatic closed-loop algorithm that uses a subcutaneous insulin pump and continuous glucose sensor is a goal for biomedical engineering research. However, closing the loop for the artificial pancreas still presents many challenges, including model identification and design of a control algorithm that will keep the type 1 diabetes mellitus subject in normoglycemia for the longest duration and under maximal safety considerations. Method: An artificial pancreatic β-cell based on zone model predictive control (zone-MPC) that is tuned automatically has been evaluated on the University of Virginia/University of Padova Food and Drug Administration-accepted metabolic simulator. Zone-MPC is applied when a fixed set point is not defined and the control variable objective can be expressed as a zone. Because euglycemia is usually defined as a range, zone-MPC is a natural control strategy for the artificial pancreatic β-cell. Clinical data usually include discrete information about insulin delivery and meals, which can be used to generate personalized models. It is argued that mapping clinical insulin administration and meal history through two different second-order transfer functions improves the identification accuracy of these models. Moreover, using mapped insulin as an additional state in zone-MPC enriches information about past control moves, thereby reducing the probability of overdosing. In this study, zone-MPC is tested in three different modes using unannounced and announced meals at their nominal value and with 40% uncertainty. Ten adult in silico subjects were evaluated following a scenario of mixed meals with 75, 75, and 50 grams of carbohydrates (CHOs) consumed at 7 am, 1 pm, and 8 pm, respectively. Zone-MPC results are compared to those of the "optimal" open-loop preadjusted treatment. Results: Zone-MPC succeeds in maintaining glycemic responses closer to euglycemia compared to the "optimal" open-loop
＜正＞Pathogen contamination in water and food constitutes a potential risk to human health and possibly leads to infection *** methods for detection of pathogen such as plating and culturing are time-consuming（gener...
＜正＞Pathogen contamination in water and food constitutes a potential risk to human health and possibly leads to infection *** methods for detection of pathogen such as plating and culturing are time-consuming（generally several days）,thus finding feasible methods for rapid and efficient detection of pathogens attracted more and more attention,1-3 and the basic principle for the detection is
＜正＞Current anticancer drug therapy results in systemic side effects due to nonspecific uptake by normal healthy noncancerous *** the treatment can specifically target to cancer cells,side effects would be drastical...
＜正＞Current anticancer drug therapy results in systemic side effects due to nonspecific uptake by normal healthy noncancerous *** the treatment can specifically target to cancer cells,side effects would be drasticallydecreased.1 Recently,ligand-mediated targeting of anticancer drugs to target receptors expressed selectively or overexpressed on tumor cells is increasingly being recognized as an effective strategy for improving the
We report an ultrasensitive immunoassay method by directly counting genetically-engineered yeast cells bound with target analytes. This technology is shown to be compatible with conventional and microchip-based flow c...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781618390622
We report an ultrasensitive immunoassay method by directly counting genetically-engineered yeast cells bound with target analytes. This technology is shown to be compatible with conventional and microchip-based flow cytometry systems. In particular the microchip-based systems were developed by impedance and resistive pulse measurement for cell counting. This yeast surface display based cell counting immunoassay (abbreviated as YSD-CCI) provides a detection limit of 0.2 ng/mL, which is about 80 times higher than that of the yeast-based ELISA. This new platform offers a strategy for multiplexed and high throughput screening of bio-analytes, and holds promises for implementation on a microchip for point-of-care applications.
We report a new DNA and polymerase detection method that utilizes the competition between a ferrocene-labeled PNA probe and the target DNA or a polymerase-elongated DNA primer to hybridize with a DNA probe/template. D...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781618390622
We report a new DNA and polymerase detection method that utilizes the competition between a ferrocene-labeled PNA probe and the target DNA or a polymerase-elongated DNA primer to hybridize with a DNA probe/template. Due to the electrostatic interaction between the negative DNA backbones and a negatively-charged electrode, the results of the competition were reflected in the electrochemical signal of ferrocene, which was used to determine the presence of the target DNA or the DNA polymerase. This detection technology is simple, fast and more reliable compared to previously reported signal-off detection schemes, which make it a promising candidate for point-of-care applications.
Al doped ZnO nanowire arrays with controlled growth densities were fabricated on silicon without using catalysts via sputtering followed by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Scanning electron microscopy and hig...
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The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of short glass fiber (SGF) content and extrusion conditions such as screw speed and barrel temperature, on the mechanical properties and morphologies of str...
The main objective of this study is to determine the effects of short glass fiber (SGF) content and extrusion conditions such as screw speed and barrel temperature, on the mechanical properties and morphologies of structural composites produced by compounding SGFs with poly (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) (ABS). It was also aimed to determine the effects of adhesion at the fiber/matrix interface, which was promoted by incorporation of polyamide-6 (PA6) to the ABS/SGF composite. Results showed that increasing screw speed during extrusion decreased the average fiber length; therefore mechanical properties of the composites affected negatively. The increasing extrusion temperature decreased the fiber length degradation and higher tensile strength and modulus values were obtained. The use of PA6 in composites increased the interfacial adhesion, which was supported by SEM microphotographs; therefore, improved mechanical properties were obtained.
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