An adaptive scheme is developed to automatically adjust the insulin dosing protocol for a person with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The adaptive strategy follows the run-to-run philosophy with a multiple-daily injections ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781424474264
An adaptive scheme is developed to automatically adjust the insulin dosing protocol for a person with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The adaptive strategy follows the run-to-run philosophy with a multiple-daily injections (MDI) therapy. Insulin lispro (rapid acting) and insulin glargine (slow acting) are employed in the protocol which uses pre and postprandial glucose concentrations. The key information for the synthesis of the control algorithm is the subject's insulin sensitivity that is calculated considering that there is no previous information about the subject's response to the insulin protocol. Therefore, the sensitivity information is estimated recursively using online data in a time scale of days. After the sensitivity is recalculated, the run-to-run correction scheme is updated, obtaining an adaptive MDI therapy. The advisory algorithm is evaluated in silico by constant random parameters variations and superimposing sinusoidal oscillations on glucose-insulin model parameters to implement intra-individual variability of the glucoregulatory system. For this purpose, the glucose-insulin model developed by Dalla Man et al. (2007) and subcutaneous insulin absorption description by Tarin et al. (2005) were employed. The results show that the algorithm is successful in achieving an euglycemic control despite variable meals (+-15percent variation in carbohydrate content and timing +-15 min) and time-varying parametric variations in the glucose-insulin model. No severe hypoglycemic (< 50 mg/dL) or hyperglycemic (> 180 mg/dL) events were observed in average for 30 virtual patients.
The new paradigm of electronics, 'spintronics', promises to extend the functionality of information storage and processing in conventional electronics. The principal spintronics device, the 'spin valve'...
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The new paradigm of electronics, 'spintronics', promises to extend the functionality of information storage and processing in conventional electronics. The principal spintronics device, the 'spin valve', consists of two magnetic layers decoupled by a spin-transporting spacer, which allows parallel (on) and antiparallel (off) alignment of the magnetizations (spins) of the two magnetic layers. The device resistance then depends on the spin alignment controlled by the external magnetic field. In pursuit of semiconductor spintronics, there have been intensive efforts devoted to develop room-temperature magnetic semiconductors and also to incorporate both inorganic semiconductors and carbon-based materials as the spin-transporting channels. Molecule/organic-based magnets, which allow chemical tuning of electronic and magnetic properties, are a promising new class of magnetic materials for future spintronic applications. Here, we report the realization of an organic-based magnet as an electron spin polarizer in the standard spintronics device geometry. A thin non-magnetic organic semiconductor layer and an epitaxial ferromagnetic oxide film were employed to form a hybrid magnetic tunnel junction. The results demonstrate the spin-polarizing nature of the organic-based magnetic semiconductor, vanadium(TCNE: tetracyanoethylene)(x) (x approximately 2; T(c) approximately 400 K), and its function as a spin injector/detector in hybrid magnetic multilayer devices.
Dendritic poly(amidoamine)-b-poly(L-glutamate)(PAMAM-b-PLG) biohybrids were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization ofγ-benzyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride monomer,followed by the deprotection of benzyl grou...
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Dendritic poly(amidoamine)-b-poly(L-glutamate)(PAMAM-b-PLG) biohybrids were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization ofγ-benzyl-L-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride monomer,followed by the deprotection of benzyl groups on poly(benzyl-L-glutamate),and were characterized by ~1H-NMR,FT-IR and gel permeation *** self-assembly behavior of the PAMAM-b-PLG biohybrid was investigated by means of UV-Vis,dynamic light scattering (DLS),transmission electronic microscopy(TEM) and ~***-Vis analysis ...
A transparent and antistatic coating material consisting of polymer core-metal shell particle was prepared. As a polymer core, poly(butylacrylate-co-styrene)s ([P(BA-co-sty)s]) with various compositions of butylacryla...
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A transparent and antistatic coating material consisting of polymer core-metal shell particle was prepared. As a polymer core, poly(butylacrylate-co-styrene)s ([P(BA-co-sty)s]) with various compositions of butylacrylate and styrene were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. And the effect of comonomer composition on the thermal property of polymer core particle was investigated. By electroless plating method, the nickel particles were formed and deposited on the surface of P(BA-co-Sty) particles to form P(BA-co-Sty) core-nickel shell composite particles. SEM observation confirms that the nickel particles with size of 15 nm are distributed on the surface of the polymer core particles. The surface resistance of P(BA-co-Sty) core-nickel shell composite is 0.8×108Ω/cm2, enough to act as antistatic coating material.
Self assemblies of ABC triblock copolymer thin films on a densely brush-coated substrate were investigated by using the self-consistent field *** middle block B and the coated polymer form one phase and the alternatin...
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Self assemblies of ABC triblock copolymer thin films on a densely brush-coated substrate were investigated by using the self-consistent field *** middle block B and the coated polymer form one phase and the alternating phase A and phase C occur when the film is very thin either for the neutral or selective hard surface(which is opposite to the brushcoated substrate).The lamellar phase is stable on the hard surface when it is neutral and interestingly,the short block tends to stay on this hard surface...
The generation of arbitrarily shaped nonspherical laser-induced cavitation bubbles is demonstrated with a optical technique. The nonspherical bubbles are formed using laser intensity patterns shaped by a spatial light...
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The generation of arbitrarily shaped nonspherical laser-induced cavitation bubbles is demonstrated with a optical technique. The nonspherical bubbles are formed using laser intensity patterns shaped by a spatial light modulator using linear absorption inside a liquid gap with a thickness of 40 μm. In particular we demonstrate the dynamics of elliptic, toroidal, square, and V-shaped bubbles. The bubble dynamics is recorded with a high-speed camera at framing rates of up to 300 000 frames per second. The observed bubble evolution is compared to predictions from an axisymmetric boundary element simulation which provides good qualitative agreement. Interesting dynamic features that are observed in both the experiment and simulation include the inversion of the major and minor axis for elliptical bubbles, the rotation of the shape for square bubbles, and the formation of a unidirectional jet for V-shaped bubbles. Further we demonstrate that specific bubble shapes can either be formed directly through the intensity distribution of a single laser focus, or indirectly using secondary bubbles that either confine the central bubble or coalesce with the main bubble. The former approach provides the ability to generate in principle any complex bubble geometry.
Injectable hydrogels are attractive materials for tissue engineering as they provide fast reaction rates, low heat release, and biocompatibility for cell proliferation and permanent interface with surrounding tissue. ...
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Injectable hydrogels are attractive materials for tissue engineering as they provide fast reaction rates, low heat release, and biocompatibility for cell proliferation and permanent interface with surrounding tissue. A series of injectable poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) hydrogels with four different weight fractions of hydroxyapatite (HA) particles were prepared and thermal and mechanical properties evaluated. The cytocompatibility was assessed by examining the viability and morphology of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded on the hydrogels. The in situ crosslink process displayed a vast decrease in the maximal temperature and an increase in the maximal temperature time. Cytocompatibility evaluation by MTT assay, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) showed that the cells on the composite hydrogels possessed better viability and adherence than the hydrogels without HA. The results indicated that composite hydrogels have potential as injectable materials for tissue engineering application.
This paper reviews our recent research efforts on the toughening and multifunctional properties of a class of nanoclay/thermoplastics composites, especially nanoclay/PA6 and nanoclay/*** embrittlement of the polymer m...
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This paper reviews our recent research efforts on the toughening and multifunctional properties of a class of nanoclay/thermoplastics composites, especially nanoclay/PA6 and nanoclay/*** embrittlement of the polymer matrices due to the incorporation of clay nanoparticles is critically *** of toughening and related mechanisms are studied and include: (a) hybridizing clay with rubber and (b) introducing submicrometer voids in the *** on functional properties of electrical conductivity and fire retardancy combined with superior-toughness are also addressed.
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