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Numerical simulation on natural ventilation in a real estate in high-density city

Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series) 2007年第SUPPL.期14卷 26-29页

作者： Yang, Jie Li, Jing Zhang, Xu Yik, Francis HVAC and Gas Institute Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China L.D Architecture and Engineering Design Changchun 130041 China Department of Building Service Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong Hong Kong

Natural ventilation is an efficient way to keep residential building safe and comfortable. In many high-density populated cities, to meet the housing demand of citizens, a large number of high-rise residential towers are being built. When buildings are closely sited, the influence of adjacent buildings on the availability of cross ventilation becomes a critical building design consideration. The paper reports on the results of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation studies on such effects based on a real estate in Hong Kong that comprised an array of building blocks. The result shows that cross ventilation in buildings downstream of other buildings would be much reduced, especially when the buildings were aligned facing the wind direction, and when the spaces between buildings were small. Shortening the upstream buildings and laying out the buildings in a staggered pattern would significantly improve cross ventilation in the downstream buildings.

关键词： Buildings

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Optimization of wavelet packets analysis for damage detection in composite materials

Optimization of wavelet packets analysis for damage detectio...

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作者： Yu, Long Yan, Yunju Jiang, Jiesheng Cheng, Li School of Mechanics Civil Engineering and Architecture Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong

A method based on entropy-based criteria is present to choose the optimal decomposition of Wavelet Packets Analysis (WPA) for damage detection in composite materials. The structural damage indexes constructed based on energy spectrum variation of the structural vibration responses decomposed using WPA before and after the occurrence of structural damage usually generate a complete binary tree to calculate its elements. Date mining is carried out in this paper by adoption entropy as the criteria to choose the optimal decomposition tree. In the decomposition process, only the sub-signals which contain main information of the original signal are decomposed to generate next level sub-signals. New damage index is constructed based on the optimal decomposition. Then the dimension of the damage index is reduced while still keeping its sensitive to damage. Whether Artificial Neural Network (ANN) or genetic algorithm (GA) is used in the further process of telling structural damage status from damage index, this reduction will make remarkable time saving.

关键词： Wavelet transforms

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Wavelet analysis of airfield road surface roughness and dynamic response of aircraft

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International Conference on Transportation engineering 2007, ICTE 2007

作者： Li, Weimin Xu, Jinyu Yu, Ping Wu, Hong Department of Airfield and Building Engineering Air Force Engineering University Engineering Institute Xi'an China College of Mechanics and Civil Architecture Northwest Polytechnic University Xi'an China Air Force Logistic Department Nanjing Ministry Region Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)9780784409329

Airfield road surface roughness is the major impact source of aircraft, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is usually applied to analyze road surface roughness. However, DFT has serious limitations, especially it has no time domain analysis function. To overcome this problem, wavelet transform for analyzing airfield road surface roughness and aircraft's dynamic response was proposed. Autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model (Gersch W. et al, 1976) was used to establish time series of road surface roughness. Asymmetrical mathematical model of aircraft was presented via Quarter Car Simulation (QCS). Time series of road surface roughness was input, and aircraft's vibration response corresponding to this roughness input was obtained. The results show that correlation between aircraft's dynamic response and road surface roughness is linear in a certain frequency range. Aircraft's vibration responses increase with road surface roughness excitation. Road surface roughness also can be deduced via aircraft's dynamic response. Wavelet analysis method can be applied to establish correlation between road surface roughness and aircraft's response. Copyright ASCE 2007.

关键词： Aircraft

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Energy saving effect by central ventilation with total heat recovery installed in a detached house

Energy saving effect by central ventilation with total heat ...

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6th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality, Ventilation and Energy Conservation in Buildings: Sustainable Built Environment, IAQVEC 2007

作者： Toriumi, Yoshihiro Kurabuchi, Takashi Okuyama, Hiroyasu Nanaoka, Hiroshi Department of Architectural System Engineering Polytechnic University Sagamihara Japan Department of Architecture Faculty of Engineering Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan Shimizu Corporation Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Daiwa House Corporation Central Research Laboratory Nara Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9784861630712

Total heat exchanger model based on experimental results was incorporated in the entire building model with the stay and internal generation of heat and with window opening-closing schedule, and energy-saving effects of total heat exchangers were evaluated including regional features in Japan. Regional differences were found in the effects, and it was found that the reduction rate of heating and cooling loads was in the range of about 2-15%, and the reduction amount of heating and cooling loads was in the range of about 0.1-11 GJ. Also, based on the fact that cooling load increases due to the installation of total heat exchanger in the regions under cold climatic conditions, the buildings in the regions with warm climate designed in the high air-tightness and high insulation specification. As a result, it was found that heating load was reduced by about 35%.

关键词： Ventilation

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Controlling construction waste by implementing governmental ordinances in Hong Kong

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Construction Innovation 2007年第2期7卷 149-166页

作者： Tam, Vivian W.y. Shen, L.Y. Fung, Ivan W.H. Wang, J.Y. Griffith School of Engineering Griffith University Queensland Australia Department of Building and Real Estate The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Building and Construction City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China

Purpose – Owing to limited space, reducing the waste going to landfills has become a pressing issue in Hong Kong. As most of the solid waste was generated from construction activity, the Hong Kong Government has instituted a number of measures aimed at reducing waste from this source. However, it appears that the application of these measures has been of limited effectiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of implementing regulatory measures for reducing construction waste in Hong Kong. Design/methodology/approach – The data used for the analysis are from a survey to construction professionals in the local industry by means of questionnaire, interview discussions and case studies. The survey examined the commitments and responsibilities imposed on project participants for implementing seven major regulatory waste management controlling measures: legislative controls;controlling public filling facilities;controlling landfill areas;providing on-site sorting facilities;implantation of a environmental management system;implementation of a waste management framework plan;and implementing recycling scheme. Findings – The results of the investigation illustrate that legal commitments have been mainly allocated to contractors. Insufficient commitments and responsibilities are allocated to other project participants such as project clients, designers and consultants. The study has also found that existing waste control ordinances allow for skewed distribution of commitments and responsibilities of controlling construction waste among project stakeholders. The results demonstrate that there is need for a balanced allocation of responsibilities and commitments among all project stakeholders. Originality/value – Revision and further development of legal measures are necessary to ensure that all project stakeholders play an active role and share commitments in waste control and reduction. This research provides references for studying const

关键词： Construction industry Construction materials Environmental regulations Hong Kong Waste management

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Influence of soil dilatancy on soil nail pull-out resistance in completely decomposed granite fill

Influence of soil dilatancy on soil nail pull-out resistance...

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作者： Su, Li-Jun Yin, Jian-Hua Liao, Hong-Jian School of Civil Engineering Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology 13 Yanta Road Xi'an Shaanxi 710055 China Department of Civil and Structural Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon Hong Kong Department of Civil Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China

Soil nailing, developed from the New Austrian Tunnelling Method, has been widely used in many countries and regions in the world since the 1970's. This technique is used to stabilize in situ soil mass by installing a large number of closely spaced unstressed inclusions into the soil mass to increase its strength and stability. Since the mid 1970's, several design methods have been proposed based on laboratory and field tests. Among the design criteria in these methods, the pull-out resistance of a soil nail is a key parameter that controls the stability assessment of soil nail structure. In the previous investigations, the soil dilatancy was found to be an important factor that influences the soil nail pull-out resistance especially for drill-and-grout soil nails. In order to study the influence of soil dilatancy on soil nail pull-out resistance, laboratory pull-out tests and numerical parametric studies have been carried out for soil nails in Completely Decomposed Granite (CDG) fill. The results show that the soil dilatancy has a significant influence on the soil nail pull-out resistance.

关键词： Soils

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Recording for urban planning: A case from Manama, Bahrain 21

Recording for urban planning: A case from Manama, Bahrain

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21st International CIPA Symposium 2007

作者： Elwazani, S.A. Lerma, J.L. Architecture/EDS Program College of Technology Bowling Green State University Bowling GreenOH43403 United States Department of Cartographic Engineering Geodesy and Photogrammetry Polytechnic University of Valencia Co de Vera s/n Valencia46022 Spain

Urban planning process depends on the quality of data obtained, which, in turn, depends on the quality of data collection and data processing. Urban planners and designers strive for ways to secure information, and in this regard reach out for specialists in data recording and documentation. A case in point has materialized in the context of planning urban areas in Bahrain during 2005-06. A collaborative undertaking between the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the Ministry of Municipal Affair and Agriculture of Bahrain (MoMAA) called for revitalization of urban areas in Manama and Muharraq, the largest cities with conspicuous heritage assets. The initial phase of the undertaking has culminated with a comprehensive report reflecting the expertise of several international consultants in specialty areas of planning including land use, economics, and information technology. The second phase of the undertaking involved urban design projects where consultants completed pilot designs. The authors acted as documentation consultants to provide congruent information for urban design activities. In this capacity, they implemented documentation work in service of the "pilot" project Urban Design of the City of Manama Cultural Heritage Area. The documentation activity for the Manama project involved stretches of street facades. The intent of this paper is to review the documentation activity completed for the project with an emphasis on documentation planning considerations and documentation process implementation. © 2007 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Urban planning

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A biologically inspired architecture for control of grasping movements of an anthropomorphic gripper

A biologically inspired architecture for control of grasping...

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10th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots, CLAWAR 2007

作者： Varona Moya, S. Molina Vilaplana, J. Linares Barranco, A. Feliú Battle, J. López Coronado, J. Department of Systems Engineering and Automatics Polytechnic University of Cartagena Campus Muralla Del Mar C/Dr. Fleming S/N 30202 Cartagena Murcia Spain Department of Computer Technology and Architecture University of Sevilla Avda. Reina Mercedes S/N 41012 Sevilla Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9812708154

In this paper we introduce a research plan for the development of an architecture for control of grasping movements in a manipulation system. It consists in an anthropomorphic robotic gripper with tactile and propioceptive sensing capability plus a stereoscopic visual guidance system, electronic control boards designed for implementing a powerful and neurologically inspired inter-chip communication technique called AER and a HYPBF neural networks model that will emulate the performance of the most important brain areas involved in motor behaviour control for efficient object manipulation. © 2007 World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.

关键词： Stereo image processing

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A comparison on the weekday and weekend Indoor Air Quality in a shopping mall

A comparison on the weekday and weekend Indoor Air Quality i...

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Proc. 14th International Union of Air Pollution Prevention and Environmental Protection Associations (IUAPPA) World Congress 2007, 18th Clean Air Society of Australia and New Zealand (CASANZ) Conf.

作者： Tam, Sze Ying Cinnie Chan, Wai Tin Daniel Jones, A.P. Department of Building Service Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong School of Architecture Bute Building Cardiff University King Edward VII Ave. Cardiff CF10 3NB United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9780975757161

Due to the importance of indoor air quality, the Indoor Air Quality Management Group of Hong Kong Environmental Protection department had published a document "A Guide On Indoor Air Quality Certification Scheme For Offices And Publics Places" (Hong Kong Environmental Protection department 2003). This scheme is suitable for offices and public places with mechanical ventilation and air conditioning systems. The indoor air quality objective was set on this document. According to this scheme, a two-level IAQ objective (excellent class and good class) was used as a scale to assess the air quality of those offices and public places. This paper describes research carried out which has investigated the variation in pollutants in a typical Hong Kong shopping mall over a week period. The aim of the investigation was to study the daily variation of indoor pollutants in a typical shopping mall and to find the relationship between those pollutants. Bacteria, fungi, carbon dioxide (CO 2), respirable suspended particulate (RSP), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were measured in this study. Afterwards, the data was compared with the objective mentioned on the previous paragraph. Respirable suspended particulate and nitrogen dioxide exceeded the excellent class of the Indoor Air Quality Objective.

关键词： Air quality

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A host/co-processor FPGA-based architecture for Fast Image Processing

A host/co-processor FPGA-based Architecture for Fast Image P...

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4th IEEE Workshop on Intelligent Data Acquisition and Advanced Computing Systems: Technology and Applications (IDAACS 2007), part 1

作者： John A. Kalomiros John Lygouras Section of Computer Architecture and Industrial Applications Department of Informatics and Communications Technological Educational Institute of Serres Serres Greece Section of Electronics and Computer applications Department of Computer Engineering Polytechnic School of Xanthi Democritus University of Thrace Greece

A general system architecture for fast image processing, based on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) co-processor and a host computer, is presented and evaluated. Images are transferred to the FPGA board via a high speed USB2.0 channel, implemented with a standard macrocell. A LabVIEW host application controlling a frame grabber and an industrial camera is used to capture and exchange video data with the hardware co-processor. The FPGA accelerator is based on a Altera Cyclone II chip and is implemented as a system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) with the help of an embedded Nios II software processor. The SOPC system integrates the processor, external and on chip memory, the communication channel and a typical image filter appropriate for the evaluation of the system performance. Measured transfer rates over the communication channel and processing times for the implemented hardware filters are presented for various frame sizes. A range of applications is also discussed.

关键词： Hardware design Image Processing FPGAs Embedded Processors

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