Despite substantial declines since 2000, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), diarrhoeal diseases, and malaria remain among the leading causes of nonfatal and fatal disease burden for children under 5 years of age (un...
Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the foll...
Hospital El Salvador: a novel paradigm of intensive care in response to COVID-19 in central America. Lancet Glob Health 2021;9: e241?42?In this Comment, the conflict of interest statement should have included the following: ?By virtue of their roles within a public hospital or the Ministry of Health, MB, LC, WH, and XS are government employees. The findings and conclusions in the Comment are only those of the authors.? This correction has been made as of Feb 26, 2021.
Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expan...
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Motivation Here, we make available a second version of the BioTIME database, which compiles records of abundance estimates for species in sample events of ecological assemblages through time. The updated version expands version 1.0 of the database by doubling the number of studies and includes substantial additional curation to the taxonomic accuracy of the records, as well as the metadata. Moreover, we now provide an R package (BioTIMEr) to facilitate use of the database. Main Types of Variables Included The database is composed of one main data table containing the abundance records and 11 metadata tables. The data are organised in a hierarchy of scales where 11,989,233 records are nested in 1,603,067 sample events, from 553,253 sampling locations, which are nested in 708 studies. A study is defined as a sampling methodology applied to an assemblage for a minimum of 2 years. Spatial Location and Grain Sampling locations in BioTIME are distributed across the planet, including marine, terrestrial and freshwater realms. Spatial grain size and extent vary across studies depending on sampling methodology. We recommend gridding of sampling locations into areas of consistent size. Time Period and Grain The earliest time series in BioTIME start in 1874, and the most recent records are from 2023. Temporal grain and duration vary across studies. We recommend doing sample-level rarefaction to ensure consistent sampling effort through time before calculating any diversity metric. Major Taxa and Level of Measurement The database includes any eukaryotic taxa, with a combined total of 56,400 taxa. Software Format csv and. SQL.
Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. Thi...
Background: The sustainable development goals (SDGs) aim to end HIV/AIDS as a public health threat by 2030. Understanding the current state of the HIV epidemic and its change over time is essential to this effort. This study assesses the current sex-specific HIV burden in 204 countries and territories and measures progress in the control of the epidemic. Methods: To estimate age-specific and sex-specific trends in 48 of 204 countries, we extended the Estimation and Projection Package Age-Sex Model to also implement the spectrum paediatric model. We used this model in cases where age and sex specific HIV-seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care-clinic sentinel surveillance data were available. For the remaining 156 of 204 locations, we developed a cohort-incidence bias adjustment to derive incidence as a function of cause-of-death data from vital registration systems. The incidence was input to a custom Spectrum model. To assess progress, we measured the percentage change in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 (threshold >75% decline), the ratio of incident cases to number of people living with HIV (incidence-to-prevalence ratio threshold <0·03), and the ratio of incident cases to deaths (incidence-to-mortality ratio threshold <1·0). Findings: In 2019, there were 36·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 35·1–38·9) people living with HIV worldwide. There were 0·84 males (95% UI 0·78–0·91) per female living with HIV in 2019, 0·99 male infections (0·91–1·10) for every female infection, and 1·02 male deaths (0·95–1·10) per female death. Global progress in incident cases and deaths between 2010 and 2019 was driven by sub-Saharan Africa (with a 28·52% decrease in incident cases, 95% UI 19·58–35·43, and a 39·66% decrease in deaths, 36·49–42·36). Elsewhere, the incidence remained stable or increased, whereas deaths generally decreased. In 2019, the global incidence-to-prevalence ratio was 0·05 (95% UI 0·05–0·06) and the global incidence-to-mortality ratio was
Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG) laser(1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ) was focused onto ...
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Detection of oil pollution in soil has been carried out using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS). A pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG) laser(1,064 nm, 8 ns, 200 mJ) was focused onto pelletized soil samples. Emission spectra were obtained from oil-contaminated soil and clean soil. The contaminated soil had almost the same spectrum profile as the clean soil and contained the same major and minor elements. However, a C–H molecular band was clearly detected in the oil-contaminated soil, while no C–H band was detected in the clean soil. Linear calibration curve of the C–H molecular band was successfully made by using a soil sample containing various concentrations of oil. The limit of detection of the C–H band in the soil sample was 0.001 mL/g. Furthermore, the emission spectrum of the contaminated soil clearly displayed titanium(Ti) lines, which were not detected in the clean soil. The existence of the C–H band and Ti lines in oil-contaminated soil can be used to clearly distinguish contaminated soil from clean soil. For comparison, the emission spectra of contaminated and clean soil were also obtained using scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray(SEM/EDX) spectroscopy,showing that the spectra obtained using LIBS are much better than using SEM/EDX, as indicated by the signal to noise ratio(S/N ratio).
With the advance of mobile applications market, there is an increasing concern about the challenges when developing products that meet the many types of users and to harmonize each product with the various usage envir...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509019168
With the advance of mobile applications market, there is an increasing concern about the challenges when developing products that meet the many types of users and to harmonize each product with the various usage environments, thus, providing a good user experience. This situation leads to the need to develop a framework that makes applications become aware of the context and provides a self-learning of the user navigation. This article presents a theoretical framework and the TURAP operation process, a framework for Android applications that helps to tackle these challenges.
Search engines have become an integral part of student learning activities. This study aims to see how the use of search engines by students, especially by students of the Library and Information scienceprogram, Facu...
Search engines have become an integral part of student learning activities. This study aims to see how the use of search engines by students, especially by students of the Library and Information scienceprogram, Faculty of Communication sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. This study uses the mixed method. The research data was obtained through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations and literature studies. The results of the study showed that in learning activities, the respondents used search engines to find the references for college assignments and thesis writing material. The students also use search engines to meet daily information needs, solve problems, increase knowledge, reduce doubts, clarify things, entertain, fulfill curiosity about others, etc. The retrieval technique used by students is by using keywords/queries, Boolean logic, query strategies in the form of a brief search and using the advanced search feature. This research is expected to contribute to the university in supporting online-based learning facilities for students.
science selected it as the 2015 Breakthrough of the Year: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, also known as CRISPR. Adaptive immunity in some bacteria and archaea allow to respond and eliminate ...
science selected it as the 2015 Breakthrough of the Year: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, also known as CRISPR. Adaptive immunity in some bacteria and archaea allow to respond and eliminate invading genetic material; CRISPR and CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes are new molecular techniques that allow deleting, replacing or otherwise editing DNA. Using modified bacterial protein and a RNA that allows a guidance to a specific DNA sequence, CRISPR provides a striking control over several genes by not deleting the entire gene but just inactivating it by deleting few bases. CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to generate knockout cells or animals by co-expressing a gRNA specific to the gene to be targeted and the endonuclease Cas9. This novel system has been tested in diverse species, with promising potential uses in humans. Theoretically, CRISPR/Cas9 will be able to remove genetic mutations related to incurable diseases, such as HIV, and certain cancer types. This scenario draws tentative and promising conditions using CRISPR/Cas9 as preventive and therapeutic tool in medical area. As expected, several groups have begun to test the putative gene editing properties of CRISPR/Cas9 on human cells. Since sleep disorders have been linked with specific genes, in this review, we suggest areas that require further investigation and experimental and/or clinical approaches to treat sleep disturbances using CRISPR/Cas9.
A multiphysics study of the electromagnetic behavior of a filter designed for use in high-power microwave systems is presented. In the past, the methodology used to design filters generally assumed ideal working condi...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509007844
A multiphysics study of the electromagnetic behavior of a filter designed for use in high-power microwave systems is presented. In the past, the methodology used to design filters generally assumed ideal working conditions for these devices. However, when such filters are used in a real environment, factors such as temperature and working power affect their performance. Here, we use modern simulation tools to evaluate the electromagnetic response of a filter at different temperatures and under different operating conditions.
Before designing and implementing a mobile learning system, it is important to ascertain the perception of future users towards mobile learning since their perception will influence their willingness and readiness to ...
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Before designing and implementing a mobile learning system, it is important to ascertain the perception of future users towards mobile learning since their perception will influence their willingness and readiness to use the system. This research investigated the perception of teachers in Indonesia of mobile learning to ascertain their readiness to engage in mobile learning for training. This study conducted a survey with 308 high school teacher respondents. The results show that teachers in Indonesia had positive perception of mobile learning and were looking forward to engage in mobile learning. Financial and device issues were not obstacles for the teachers to participate in a mobile learning environment. Interestingly, the knowledge and readiness for mobile learning of teachers who taught ICT subject was lower than teachers with mathematics, science, and other subjects. Findings obtained from this study are used as a base for designing and developing a mobile learning system for ICT training for teachers in Indonesia.
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