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Relationship among body image, anthropometric parameters and mental health in physical education students

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health 2016年 12卷 177-187页

作者： Legey, Sandro Lamego, Murilo Khede Lattari, Eduardo Campos, Carlos Paes, Flávia Sancassiani, Federica Mura, Gioia Carta, Mauro Giovanni Rocha, Nuno Barbosa F. Nardi, Antônio Egídio De Oliveira, Aldair José Neto, Geraldo Maranhão Murillo-Rodriguez, Eric Arias-Carrión, Oscar Budde, Henning Machado, Sergio Laboratory of Panic and Respiration Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Physical Activities Sports and Physical Education (LAMAFEEF/UVA) Veiga de Almeida University Cabo Frio RJ Brazil School of Allied Health Sciences Polytechnic Institute of Porto Porto Portugal Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group Brazil Department of Public Health Clinical and Molecular Medicine University of Cagliari Cagliari Italy School of Physical Activity Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO) Niterói Brazil Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac Mayab Mérida Yucatán Mexico Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento División Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac Mayab Mérida Yucatán Mexico Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño (TMS) Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González Ciudad de México Mexico Sport Science Reykjavik University Reykjavik Iceland Faculty of Human Sciences Medical School Hamburg Hamburg Germany Lithuanian Sports University Kaunas Lithuania Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University (UNIVERSO) Niterói Brazil

Background: The prevalence of body image dissatisfaction (BID) is currently high. Given that psychological well-being is associated with the body measurements imposed by esthetic standards, BID is an important risk factor for mental disorders. Objective: Identify the prevalence of BID, and compare anthropometric and mental health parameters between individuals satisfied and dissatisfied with their body image. Method: A total of 140 university students completed the silhouette scale to screen for BID. Anthropometric measures, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BFP) were used. To investigate mental health, The State-Trait Anxiety Inventories (STAI-S and STAI-T), Profile of Mood States (POMS) scale and Quality of Life (QOL-36) questionnaire were used to investigate mental health. The Student's t-test was applied to compare anthropometric and mental health parameters. Results: 67.1% of university students exhibited BID. There was a significant difference (p = 0.041) in BF and WC (p = 0.048) between dissatisfied and satisfied individuals. With respect to mood states, significant differences were observed for anger (p = 0.014), depression (p = 0.011), hostility (p = 0.006), fatigue (p = 0.013), mental confusion (p = 0.021) and total mood disturbance (TMD) (p = 0.001). The mental aspect of QOL was significantly higher (p = 0.001) in satisfied university students compared to their dissatisfied counterparts. Conclusion: BID was high and it seems to be influenced by anthropometric measures related to the amount and distribution of body fat. This dissatisfaction may have a negative effect on the quality of life and mood state of young adults. © Legey et al.

关键词： Anthropometric parameters Anxiety Body image dissatisfaction Mental health Mood state Quality of life

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Instruction Multi-Constraint Molecular Generation Using a Teacher-Student Large Language Model

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhou, Peng Wang, Jianmin Li, Chunyan Wang, Zixu Liu, Yiping Sun, Siqi Lin, Jianxin Wei, Leyi Cai, Xibao Lai, Houtim Liu, Wei Wang, Longyue Liu, Yuansheng Zeng, Xiangxiang College of Information Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha China The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology Yonsei University Incheon21983 Korea Republic of School of Informatics Yunnan Normal University Kunming650500 China Department of Computer Science University of Tsukuba Tsukuba3058577 Japan Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Shanghai AI Laboratory Shanghai200232 China Centre for Artificial Intelligence driven Drug Discovery Faculty of Applied Science Macao Polytechnic University China School of Informatics Xiamen University Xiamen China Tencent AI Lab China

While various models and computational tools have been proposed for structure and property analysis of molecules, generating molecules that conform to all desired structures and properties remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a multi-constraint molecular generation large language model, TSMMG, which, akin to a student, incorporates knowledge from various small models and tools, namely, the 'teachers'. To train TSMMG, we construct a large set of text-molecule pairs by extracting molecular knowledge from these 'teachers', enabling it to generate novel molecules that conform to the descriptions through various text prompts. We experimentally show that TSMMG remarkably performs in generating molecules meeting complex, natural language-described property requirements across two-, three-, and four-constraint tasks, with an average molecular validity of over 99% and success ratio of 82.58%, 68.03%, and 67.48%, respectively. The model also exhibits adaptability through zero-shot testing, creating molecules that satisfy combinations of properties that have not been encountered. It can comprehend text inputs with various language styles, extending beyond the confines of outlined prompts, as confirmed through empirical validation. Additionally, the knowledge distillation feature of TSMMG contributes to the continuous enhancement of small models, while the innovative approach to dataset construction effectively addresses the issues of data scarcity and quality, which positions TSMMG as a promising tool in the domains of drug discovery and materials science. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Undersea technologies in the former Soviet Union

引用

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1995年第6期107卷 85-92页

作者： DeHaemer, DJ Dr. Michael J. DeHaemer:is Director of the World Technology Evaluation Center and the Japanese Technology Evaluation Center at Loyola College in Baltimore. He has directed more than a dozen studies of technologies in foreign countries under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation ARPA Departments of Energy and Commerce and other agencies. He has a continuing interest in assessing foreign technologies in comparison to the United States.—-On the faculty of the Sellinger School of Business at Loyola College Dr. DeHaemer is a former department chairman and an associate professor of information systems and decision sciences. He teaches the strategic use of information technology and human-computer interface design. His research includes user performance with automated speech recognition systems for computers and business applications of artificial intelligence. Dr. DeHaemer completed an earlier career as a submarine officer including command of a ballistic missile submarine. He holds a B.S. degree from the University of Notre Dame and a Master's degree in Operations Analysis from the Naval Postgraduate School. He has an M.B.A. an M.S. in Industrial Engineering and a Ph.D. in Management Information Systems from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.

A team of experts, assembled by the World Technology Evaluation Center, visited twenty-five locations in Russia and Ukraine to observe the state of undersea technologies. Academic sites, basic research institutes, industrial development laboratories, and oceanographic operating bases were visited. The report highlights specific technologies that support research submersibles;and critiques the strengths and weaknesses of the ocean technologies establishment. Russia and Ukraine were found to have a number of strengths, especially in test facilities, a large fleet of surface and submersible research vessels, and highly educated and qualified engineers and scientists. Although political and economic conditions need to be over-come, there is motivation for many cooperative commercial or research ventures with both government institutes and new private companies in Russia and Ukraine.

关键词： Ocean engineering

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REPEAT ANALYSIS program AS A QUALITY ASSURANCE SYSTEM FOR RADIOLOGY MANAGEMENT: CAUSAL REPEAT AND AN OVERVIEW

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Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation sciences 2023年第3期54卷 S31-S31页

作者： Rochmayanti, Dwi Adi, Kusworo Widodo, Catur Edi Doctoral Program of Information System School of Postgraduate Diponegoro University Department of Radiodiagnostic and Radiotherapy Engineering Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Semarang Central Java Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Mathematics Diponegoro University

OBJECTIVEThis paper aims to describe the image retakes program over several decades, and identify the causes of issues due to rejection rates. MATERIALS & METHODSThis study is a literature review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. Articles were searched from Google Scholar (3140) and Scopus (18) using keywords " Reject" or " Repeat" or " Retakes" and " Analysis" and " in" and " Diagnostic" and " Imaging". The article range was expanded to describe the profile of repeat analysis from the use of film-screen to digital transformation systems. Based on the established criteria, 20 articles were extracted and analyzed. RESULTSFrom the literature, it was found that repeat rates above 5% were still found in some examination categories, with chest radiography contributing the highest rejection rate, reaching 51.67%, with the biggest contributing factor being positioning (84.8%). There are interesting findings related to this program, where subjective factors in determining the classification of rejection causes still exist. One study mentioned that AI can predict image rejection accuracy with a sensitivity of 93%. Therefore, the use of AI can be very helpful in classifying rejection causes, making data available for more efficient and easier radiology management. CONCLUSIONRepeat program is part of image quality management. The justification for rejection decisions still poses a challenge related to personnel's subjective factors and determining the causes of rejection/repeat must also be done to obtain concrete data related to radiography performance.

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A Step Towards a Reinforcement Learning De Novo Genome Assembler

Research Square

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Research Square 2021年

作者： Padovani, Kleber Xavier, Roberto Carvalho, André Reali, Anna Chateau, Annie Alves, Ronnie Federal University of Pará Computer Science Graduate Program Belém66.075-110 Brazil University of the State of Amazonas Itacoatiara-AM 69.101-416 Brazil Vale Technology Institute Sustainable Development Belém66.055-090 Brazil Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences University of São Paulo São Carlos-SP 13566-590 Brazil Polytechnic School University of São Paulo São Paulo-SP 05508-010 Brazil LIRMM-Montpellier Laboratory of Informatics Robotics and Microelectronics Univ Montpellier CNRS Montpellier France

Genome assembly is one of the most relevant and computationally complex tasks in genomics projects. It aims to reconstruct a genome through the analysis of several small textual fragments of such genome — named reads. Ideally, besides ignoring any errors contained in reads, the reconstructed genome should also optimally combine these reads, thus reaching the original genome. The quality of the genome assembly is relevant because the more reliable the genomes, the more accurate the understanding of the characteristics and functions of living beings, and it allows generating many positive impacts on society, including the prevention and treatment of diseases. The assembly becomes even more complex (and it is termed de novo in this case) when the assembler software is not supplied with a similar genome to be used as a reference. Current assemblers have predominantly used heuristic strategies on computational graphs. Despite being widely used in genomics projects, there is still no irrefutably best assembler for any genome, and the proper choice of these assemblers and their configurations depends on Bioinformatics experts. The use of reinforcement learning has proven to be very promising for solving complex activities without human supervision during their learning process. However, their successful applications are predominantly focused on fictional and entertainment problems - such as games. Based on the above, this work aims to shed light on the application of reinforcement learning to solve this relevant real-world problem, the genome assembly. By expanding the only approach found in the literature that addresses this problem, we carefully explored the aspects of intelligent agent learning, performed by the Q-learning algorithm, to understand its suitability to be applied in scenarios whose characteristics are more similar to those faced by real genome projects. The improvements proposed here include changing the previously proposed reward system and including stat

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Alternative Strategies for Managing Insomnia: The Case of Physical Exercise and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. A Narrative Review

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Sleep and Vigilance 2018年第1期2卷 39-44页

作者： Higuera-Hernández, María Fernanda Reyes-Cuapio, Elena Gutiérrez-Mendoza, Marissa Rocha, Nuno Barbosa Veras, André Barciela Budde, Henning Jesse, Johanna Machado, Sérgio Murillo-Rodríguez, Eric Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac Mayab Mérida Mexico Grupo de Investigación en Envejecimiento División Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac Mayab Mérida Mexico Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group Mérida Mexico Escuela de Nutrición División Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac Mayab Mérida Mexico Faculty of Health Sciences Polytechnic Institute of Porto Porto Portugal Laboratory of Panic and Respiration Institute of Psychiatry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Postgraduate Program in Health Psychology Dom Bosco Catholic University Campo Grande Campo Grande Brazil Faculty of Human Sciences Medical School Hamburg Hamburg Germany Sports Science Department Physical Activity Physical Education Health and Sport Research Centre (PAPESH) School of Science and Engineering Reykjavik University Reykjavík Iceland Lithuanian Sports University Kaunas Lithuania Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program of Salgado de Oliveira University Niterói Brazil

The sleep–wake cycle is a process regulated by multiple neurobiological mechanisms that in aberrant functioning provokes several sleep disturbances. Among the major categories of sleep disorders, insomnia represents one of the most reported in population. Pharmacological interventions aimed for treating this sleep disturbance include compounds such as antidepressants, antihistamines, sedative-hypnotics, among others. However, using pharmacological treatments increase undesirable side effects such as addiction to sleep-inducing drugs. Here, we review and summarize recent publications available in PubMed regarding the use of non-pharmacological/invasive means to control insomnia, including physical exercise and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Current data suggest that these two strategies efficiently manage insomnia, and in turn opens new approaches to develop therapeutical tools to diminish this pathology. Nevertheless, additional research is required to understand the neurobiological mechanism of action of physical exercise and tDCS in insomnia control.

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Valley-polarized Exitonic Mott Insulator in WS2/WSe2 Moiré Superlattice

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Lian, Zhen Meng, Yuze Ma, Lei Maity, Indrajit Yan, Li Wu, Qiran Huang, Xiong Chen, Dongxue Chen, Xiaotong Chen, Xinyue Blei, Mark Taniguchi, Takashi Watanabe, Kenji Tongay, Sefaattin Lischner, Johannes Cui, Yong-Tao Shi, Su-Fei Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States Departments of Materials The Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials Imperial College London United Kingdom Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Materials Science and Engineering Program School for Engineering of Matter Transport and Energy Arizona State University TempeAZ85287 United States International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Department of Electrical Computer & Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute TroyNY12180 United States

Strongly enhanced electron-electron interaction in semiconducting moiré superlattices formed by transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) heterobilayers has led to a plethora of intriguing fermionic correlated states1–7. Meanwhile, interlayer excitons in a type-II aligned TMDC heterobilayer moiré superlattice, with electrons and holes separated in different layers8,9, inherit this enhanced interaction and strongly interact with each other, promising for realizing tunable correlated bosonic quasiparticles10,11 with valley degree of freedom. We employ photoluminescence spectroscopy to investigate the strong repulsion between interlayer excitons and correlated electrons in a WS2/WSe2 moiré superlattice and combine with theoretical calculations to reveal the spatial extent of interlayer excitons and the band hierarchy of correlated states. We further find that an excitonic Mott insulator state emerges when one interlayer exciton occupies one moiré cell, evidenced by emerging photoluminescence peaks under increased optical excitation power. Double occupancy of excitons in one unit cell requires overcoming the energy cost of exciton-exciton repulsion of about 30-40 meV, depending on the stacking configuration of the WS2/WSe2 heterobilayer. Further, the valley polarization of the excitonic Mott insulator state is enhanced by nearly one order of magnitude. Our study demonstrates the WS2/WSe2 moiré superlattice as a promising platform for engineering and exploring new correlated states of fermion, bosons, and a mixture of both12 © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Excitons

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Comparison of Data Mining Algorithm: PSO-KNN, PSO-RF, and PSO-DT to Measure Attack Detection Accuracy Levels on Intrusion Detection System

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2020年第1期1471卷

作者： Sularso Budilaksono Andri Agung Riyadi Lukman Azhari Dedi Dwi Saputra M. Anno Suwarno I Gede Agus Suwartane Jupriyanto Andika Ramadhan Agus Prasetyo Utomo Achmad Fauzi University of Persada Indonesia YAI Jakarta Indonesia Master of Computer Science-Postgraduate Program STMIK Nusa Mandiri Jakarta Indonesia University of Muhammadiyah Tangerang Indonesia University of Persada Indonesia YAI Jakarta Indonesia Graduate School Master's Degree Computer Science STMIK Nusa Mandiri Jakarta Indonesia University of Muhammadiyah Tangerang Indonesia University of Stikubank Semarang Indonesia

Nowadays, computer networks are widely used to exchange valuable and confidential data information between servers to computers or cellular devices. Access to user control and use of software or hardware as a firewall often experience security problems. Unauthorized access to information through computer networks continues to occur and tends to increase. This study examines the attack detection mechanism by using three data mining algorithms based on particle swarm optimization (PSO), namely PSO-K Nearest Neighbor, PSO-Random Forest, and PSO-Decision Tree in the Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity Dataset (CICIDS2017). The initial experiment showed that the approach using the PSO-RF method was able to produce the highest accuracy of attack detection. Accuracy values generated using the PSO-RF algorithm with a combination of the number of trees and maximal depth = 20 in the CICIDS2017 dataset are intact higher than other proposed algorithms. The highest accuracy of attack detection in the CICIDS2017 dataset is intact, which is 99.76%. In the CICIDS2017 dataset 50% Benign and 50% Attack it turns out that the PSO-RF algorithm with a combination of the number of trees and maximal depth = 20 also gets the highest accuracy value of 99.67%.

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The End of Snoring? Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing for Sleep Disorders

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Sleep and Vigilance 2017年第1期2卷 13-21页

作者： Murillo-Rodríguez, Eric Rocha, Nuno Barbosa Veras, André Barciela Budde, Henning Machado, Sérgio Laboratorio de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas Escuela de Medicina División Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Anáhuac Mayab Mérida Mexico Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group Mérida Mexico Health School Polytechnic Institute of Porto Porto Portugal Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group Porto Portugal Institute of Psychiatry Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Dom Bosco Catholic University Campo Grande Brazil Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group Rio de Janeiro Brazil Faculty of Human Sciences Medical School Hamburg Hamburg Germany Sports Science Department School of Science and Engineering Physical Activity Physical Education Health and Sport Research Centre (PAPESH) Reykjavik University Reykjavik Iceland Lithuanian Sports University Kaunas Lithuania Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group Hamburgh Germany Laboratory of Panic and Respiration Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Physical Activity Neuroscience Laboratory Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program of Salgado de Oliveira University Salgado de Oliveira University Niterói Brazil

science selected it as the 2015 Breakthrough of the Year: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, also known as CRISPR. Adaptive immunity in some bacteria and archaea allow to respond and eliminate invading genetic material; CRISPR and CRISPR-associated (Cas) genes are new molecular techniques that allow deleting, replacing or otherwise editing DNA. Using modified bacterial protein and a RNA that allows a guidance to a specific DNA sequence, CRISPR provides a striking control over several genes by not deleting the entire gene but just inactivating it by deleting few bases. CRISPR/Cas9 has been used to generate knockout cells or animals by co-expressing a gRNA specific to the gene to be targeted and the endonuclease Cas9. This novel system has been tested in diverse species, with promising potential uses in humans. Theoretically, CRISPR/Cas9 will be able to remove genetic mutations related to incurable diseases, such as HIV, and certain cancer types. This scenario draws tentative and promising conditions using CRISPR/Cas9 as preventive and therapeutic tool in medical area. As expected, several groups have begun to test the putative gene editing properties of CRISPR/Cas9 on human cells. Since sleep disorders have been linked with specific genes, in this review, we suggest areas that require further investigation and experimental and/or clinical approaches to treat sleep disturbances using CRISPR/Cas9.

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COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated food insecurity in South American countries

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Food Security 2025年 1-22页

作者： Vasconcelos-Neto, Carlos Frederico A. Jacob, Michelle Tregidgo, Daniel Valle, Denis El Bizri, Hani R. Gomes, Sávio Marcelino Fa, Julia E. Morcatty, Thais Q. Monteiro, Frederico Ozanan Barros Scofield, Alessandra Matte, Alessandra Chaves, Willandia A. Borges, Luiz Henrique Medeiros Silva, Antônia I. A. Santos-Fita, Dídac Silva, Tiago Lucena Lopes-Filho, Isaac Ibernon Silva, Maria Isabel Afonso Barreto, Rebeca Mascarenhas Fonseca Oliveira, Marcela A Ferreira, Felipe Silva Santos, Ricardo Rodrigues Honorato-Júnior, Jaime Brazil, Marilene Vasconcelos Silva Sousa, Shirliane Araújo Oliveira, Deise C. L. Ferreira, Valéria R. F. Soares, Hyago K. L. Pinto, Marcia F. Beltrão-Mendes, Raone Rodrigues, Marcos Paulo Lopes Rocha, Wáldima Alves Gutiérrez Poblete, Roberto Schettini, Francisco Luigi Rojas, Joe S. S. Aspilcueta, Marco A. Zevallos, Justo D. V. Gagliardi-Urrutia, Giussepe Menéndez Delgado, Erick Rodolfo Polit-Vera, Mariela Lissette Rodríguez Ríos, Elvira Carrascal Velásquez, Juan Carlos Forlano Riera, Maria Dalila Perera Romero, Lucy Salas Dueñas, Danilo A. Garin, Daniel Mayor, Pedro Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá GP Ecologia de Vertebrados Terrestres Estrada do Bexiga Amazonas Tefé 258469553 - 225 Brazil Calle Enrique Granados 30 Boadilla del Monte Madrid 28660 Spain Departamento de Saúde Coletiva e Nutrição Centro de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Lagoa Nova Rio Grande do Norte Natal 59075000 Brazil University of Florida Gainesville 32611 FL United States School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford 43 Crescent Salford M5 4 WT United Kingdom Center for International Forestry Research - CIFOR Bogor Indonesia Department of Nutrition Centre of Health Sciences Universidade Federal da Paraíba R. Tabeliao Estanislau Eloy S/N Paraiba João Pessoa 58050585 Brazil Natural Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M15 6BH United Kingdom Natural Sciences and Environment Research Hub University of Gibraltar Gibraltar Gibraltar Department of Geography University College London North West Wing Gower Street London WC1E 6BT United Kingdom Institute of Health and Animal Production Federal Rural University of the Amazon Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves 2501 Pará Belém 66077 - 830 Brazil Laboratory of Animal Health Postgraduate Program in Animal Health in the Amazon Institute of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Pará Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) BR 316 Km 61 s/n bairro Saudade II Pará Castanhal 68746360 Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Agroecossistemas (PPGSI) Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná (UTFPR) Prolongamento da Rua Cerejeiras S/N Paraná Santa Helena 85892000 Brazil Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University 310 West Campus Drive Blacksburg 24061 VA United States Associação SOS Amazônia Rua Pará 61 Acre Rio Branco 69905082 Brazil Universidade Federal do Amazonas Instituto Natureza e Cultura Rua 1º de Mai

The COVID-19 pandemic triggered unparalleled political, economic, and social ramifications, exacerbating global food insecurity (FI). To understand the overall impact of the pandemic and how different socio-economic groups were affected, we assessed prevalence and severity of FI in a sample of 18,997 households across seven countries in South America. We employed the Food Insecurity Experience Scale developed by the FAO. Our results showed that pre-pandemic, 4.5% of the sampled population across the entire continent faced Moderate FI, while 0.6% experienced severe FI. During the pandemic, Moderate FI increased to 16.9% (+ 12.4%), and Severe FI to 2.7% (+ 2.1%). By country, pre-pandemic households in Venezuela had the highest prevalence of Moderate FI (9.7%), with Peru experiencing the highest Severe FI frequency (1.1%). Peru had the greatest rise in Moderate (+ 23.9%) and Severe FI (+ 4.6%) during the pandemic. Low-income households, defined as those earning < 2 minimum wages per month, were most susceptible to FI. Uruguayan low-income families exhibited the most significant rise (+ 40.4%) in Moderate FI, while those in Peru experienced an increase of + 9.1% in Severe FI. This study measures the profound and far-reaching impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FI in South America. Our findings also emphasise the critical importance of implementing effective public policy interventions to improve resilience against future shocks. This would enable policymakers to develop targeted strategies that address the immediate challenges posed by pandemics as well as laying the groundwork for a more resilient and sustainable food security landscape in the region. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Covid-19 Food security Hunger Nutrition South America

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