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2008 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition

作者： Desnoyers, Mathieu Dagenais, Michel Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Real-time System Course Department of Computer and Software Engineering Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal

computer systems involve increasingly complex hardware components and software abstractions, e.g. an Xen Hypervisor managing virtual machines running on a multi-core CPU. In the industry, computer engineers are asked to understand these technologies. To tackle this task, companies developing large scale and embedded systems rely on tracing tools to get precise performance monitoring and behavior analysis information. This paper first discusses the industry need for computer engineers with a good understanding of computer systems. Subsequently, it illustrates how the Linux Trace Toolkit Next Generation (LTTNG) kernel tracer, widely used in the industry, can be used to explain operating system concepts through realistic examples. Finally, the methodology used to introduce these examples to undergraduate computer engineering students is outlined. © American Society for engineering Education, 2008.

关键词： computer operating systems

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An Efficient Region-Based Background Subtraction Technique

An Efficient Region-Based Background Subtraction Technique

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Canadian Conference on computer and Robot Vision, CRV

作者： Parisa Darvish Zadeh Varcheie Michael Sills-Lavoie Guillaume-Alexandre Bilodeau Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Montreal QUE Canada

This paper proposes an efficient region-based background subtraction technique using static camera for motion detection in various monitoring applications. Color histograms, texture information, and successive division of candidate rectangular image regions are utilized to model the background and detect the motion. The proposed method combines this principle and the Gaussian mixture background modeling to produce a new method which out performs the classic Gaussian mixture background subtraction method. It has the advantages of filtering noise during image differentiation and providing a selectable level of detail for the contour of the moving shapes. Results show that our proposed method combined with Gaussian mixture outperforms results obtained with Gaussian mixture alone, particularly in the combination with MDPA distance.

关键词： Subtraction techniques computer vision Motion detection Filtering Testing Cameras Application software Histograms Object detection Layout

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Performance analysis of virtual machines through tracing

Performance analysis of virtual machines through tracing

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and computer engineering (CCECE)

作者： Parisa Heidari Mathieu Desnoyers Michel Dagenais Department of Computer and Software Engineering Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal Montreal QUE Canada

This paper presents extensions to the Linux trace toolkit (LTT) for efficiently tracing complete systems, from the user level to the virtual machine system level and the Xen hypervisor layer. An automated benchmark was created to measure the overhead imposed by tracing and Xen paravirtualization, comparing the performance of systems, with and without virtualization and tracing. The results show a negligible impact caused by tracing and a reasonable overhead caused by paravirtualization. For some I/O intensive applications, the overhead imposed by paravirtualization is less negligible.

关键词： Performance analysis Virtual machining

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Designing Low Cost Access Networks with IPTV Performance Constraints

Designing Low Cost Access Networks with IPTV Performance Con...

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Conference on Next Generation Internet Networks, NGI

作者： Steven Chamberland Department of Computer and Software Engineering École Polytechnique de Montréal Montreal QUE Canada

In this paper, we propose to tackle the global problem of designing an access network in order to have enough bandwidth to offer high definition television (HDTV) over the Internet protocol (IPTV). Two important access network architectures are considered: the fiber-to-the-node (FTTN) and the fiber- to-the-premises (FTTP) architectures. An integer mathematical programming model is proposed for this network planning problem. Next, a heuristic algorithm based on the tabu search principle is proposed to find "good" feasible solutions within a reasonable amount of computational time. Finally, numerical results are presented and analyzed.

关键词： Costs IPTV HDTV computer architecture Bandwidth TV IP networks Access protocols Mathematical programming Mathematical model

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On the Planning Problem of Wireless Local Area Networks with Directional Antennas

On the Planning Problem of Wireless Local Area Networks with...

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IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking And Communications (WiMob)

作者： Marc-Olivier Ouellet Steven Chamberland Philippe Galinier Department of Computer and Software Engineering Ecole Polytechnique de Montrèal Montreal QUE Canada

Wireless local area networks (WLANs) are more deployed today than ever before. However, this rapid growth led to uncoordinated deployment and planning tools are rarely used. In this paper, we first propose a mathematical model to solve the WLAN planning problem considering directional antennas. The problem consists of selecting the location of the access points in the network and selecting the transmit power, the antenna type and its orientation as well as the communication channel of each one. The use of interfering channels is allowed to solve the frequency allocation problem. Since the problem is NP-hard, we propose a two-step tabu-based metaheuristic algorithm to find solutions satisfying a radio coverage constraint, a throughput constraint and an interference level constraint. Our objective is to minimize the cost of the network and to distribute evenly the resources amongst the users. The aim of the first step of the algorithm is to obtain a solution that satisfies all the constraints while the second step focuses on optimizing the previously obtained solution. A new neighborhood, based on radio coverage of an access point, is proposed. The results show that solutions can be obtained with the proposed approach for real-size instances of the problem.

关键词： Tin Throughput Directive antennas Interference Antennas Mathematical model Wireless LAN

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Designing Two-Level IP Networks Including the Points of Presence

Designing Two-Level IP Networks Including the Points of Pres...

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Conference on Next Generation Internet Networks, NGI

作者： Steven Chamberland Department of Computer and Software Engineering Ecole Polytechnique de Montrèal Montreal QUE Canada

In this paper, we propose a heuristic algorithm based on the tabu search principle for the topological design problem of two-level Internet protocol (IP) networks including the design of the points of presence. This global problem consists in selecting the number of routers and their types to install in each point of presence, selecting the interface card types to install in each router, finding the access and backbone networks and finally, interconnecting the co-located routers in each point of presence. The numerical results show that "good" solutions can be found rapidly with the proposed approach.

关键词： IP networks Heuristic algorithms Algorithm design and analysis Spine Switches Access protocols computer networks software engineering Transmitters Costs

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A comparative study between MC-1 Cells and magnetic microparticles used for enhanced target delivery of therapeutic agents in the microvasculature

A comparative study between MC-1 Cells and magnetic micropar...

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IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)

作者： Ouajdi Felfoul Jean-Baptiste Mathieu Sylvain Martel NanoRobotics Laboratory EPM NanoRobotics Laboratory Department of Computer and Software Engineering and the Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ècole Polytechnique de Montréal Montreal Canada

The use of a clinical MRI system for propelling and controlling the displacement of a ferromagnetic core along a pre-planned path in the blood vessels has been validated experimentally by our group. The results of the experiment suggest that a MRI platform could not only be used as an imaging or diagnostic tool, but also as an interventional platform. One important medical intervention where such a new technology could play a significant role is in target chemotherapy where enhanced targeting efficacy leading to a significant reduction of the amount of toxicity in the systemic blood networks while improving therapeutic efficacy using lower dosages could be achieved. But to improve tumor targeting, the overall dimensions of these magnetic microcarriers must be reduced to approximately 2 mum in diameter to allow them to circulate in the microvasculature prior to reach the tumoral lesions. Because of the substantial reduction of magnetic material embedded in these microcarriers, technological constraints such as cooling and limits in gradient amplitudes will reduce targeting efficacy. Hence, to improve targeting in the microvasculature, MC-1 cells, each with an overall diameter of approximately 2 mum are being considered by our group as microcarriers for the target delivery of therapeutic agents. Each flagellated bacteria cell of type MC-1 would provide a thrust force exceeding 4 pN, a value which can be very effective when operating in low Reynolds hydrodynamic conditions such as when navigating in the microvasculature. By combining the propulsion force of each MC-1 cell that is provided by a pair of flagella instead of an induced force generated from an external source, with magnetotaxis-based swimming direction control of the cells by computer while tracking the cells using MRI, enhanced targeting based on closed-loop navigation control can be achieved. Here, through a comparative study between these two novel approaches, we show the advantages of the use of these M

关键词： Micromagnetics Magnetic resonance imaging Propulsion Biomedical imaging Navigation Force control Displacement control Control systems Magnetic cores Blood vessels

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Interventional procedure based on nanorobots propelled and steered by flagellated Magnetotactic Bacteria for direct targeting of tumors in the human body

Interventional procedure based on nanorobots propelled and s...

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Annual International Conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)

作者： Sylvain Martel Ouajdi Felfoul Mahmood Mohammadi Jean-Baptiste Mathieu NanoRobotics Laboratory Department of Computer and Software Engineering and the Institute of Biomedical Engineering École Polytechnique de Montréal Montreal QUE Canada NanoRobotics Laboratory EPM Canada

Flagellated bacteria used as bio-actuators may prove to be efficient propulsion mechanisms for future hybrid medical nanorobots when operating in the microvasculature. Here, we briefly describe a medical interventional procedure where flagellated bacteria and more specifically MC-1 Magnetotactic Bacteria (MTB) can be used to propel and steer micro-devices and nanorobots under computer control to reach remote locations in the human body. In particular, we show through experimental results the potential of using MTB-tagged robots to deliver therapeutic agents to tumors even the ones located in deep regions of the human body. We also show that such bacterial nanorobots can be tracked inside the human body for enhanced targeting under computer guidance using MRI as imaging modality. MTB can not only be guided and controlled directly towards a specific target, but we also show experimentally that these flagellated bacterial nanorobots can be propelled and steered in vivo deeply through the interstitial region of a tumor. The targeting efficacy is increased when combined with larger ferromagnetic micro-carriers being propelled by magnetic gradients generated by a MRI platform to carry and release nanorobots propelled by a single flagellated bacterium near the arteriocapillar entry. Based on the experimental data obtained and the experience gathered during several experiments conducted in vivo with this new approach, a general medical interventional procedure is briefly described here in a biomedical engineering context.

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A hybrid bacteria and microparticle detection platform on a CMOS chip: Design, simulation and testing considerations

A hybrid bacteria and microparticle detection platform on a ...

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IEEE International Mixed-Signals, Sensors, and Systems Test Workshop, IMS3TW

作者： Zhao Lu Jaouad El-Fouladi Sylvain Martel Yvon Savaria Department of Computer and Software Engineering NanoRobotics Laboratory USA Department of Computer and Software Engineering Campus of the University of Montréal Montréal QC CANAD Department of Electric Engineering École Polytechnique de Montréal Montreal QUE Canada Department of Electric Engineering Campus of the University of Montréal Montréal QC CANAD

This paper presents a hybrid bacteria and microparticles detection platform based on a CMOS technology. Vertical face to face microelectrode arrays are implemented onto CMOS chips by connecting the metal and via layers together. A CMOS post-processing procedure based on Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) is used to release the microelectrodes and to construct microchannels in between. With medium flow of the fluid, Bacteria and microparticles are allowed to pass through the microchannels, where impedance variations are measured using a microelectrode pair on the wall, and then detected by electronic circuits embedded on the same chip. This microelectronic/microfluidic hybrid system targets screening individual bacterium or microparticle with high throughput and accuracy. The system architecture is presented first, followed by the detailed model, design, simulation and parameters of the prototype. The CMOS post-processing, specific packaging and testing procedures are also introduced in this paper. Finite element analysis method (FEM) and circuit simulations confirm that a single microparticle, 5 mum in diameter, can be detected by the proposed microsystem. Based on preliminary etching results, pairs of released electrodes 10 mum *2 mum *8 mum (L times W times H), also contribute to validate the feasibility of the CMOS post-processing procedure.

关键词： Microelectrodes CMOS integrated circuits Microchannel Microorganisms Sensors Electrodes Impedance

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Internal Clock Drift Estimation in computer Clusters

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Journal of computer Networks and Communications 2008年第1期2008卷

作者： Hicham Marouani Michel R. Dagenais Department of Computer and Software Engineering Ecole Polytechnique P.O. Box 6079 Downtown Montreal QC Canada H3C 3A7polymtl.ca

Most computers have several high-resolution timing sources, from the programmable interrupt timer to the cycle counter. Yet, even at a precision of one cycle in ten millions, clocks may drift significantly in a single second at a clock frequency of several GHz. When tracing the low-level system events in computer clusters, such as packet sending or reception, each computer system records its own events using an internal clock. In order to properly understand the global system behavior and performance, as reported by the events recorded on each computer, it is important to estimate precisely the clock differences and drift between the different computers in the system. This article studies the clock precision and stability of several computer systems, with different architectures. It also studies the typical network delay characteristics, since time synchronization algorithms rely on the exchange of network packets and are dependent on the symmetry of the delays. A very precise clock, based on the atomic time provided by the GPS satellite network, was used as a reference to measure clock drifts and network delays. The results obtained are of immediate use to all applications which depend on computer clocks or network time synchronization accuracy.

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