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The complete chloroplast genome ofArtocarpus altilis(Moraceae) and phylogenetic relationships

Mitochondrial DNA Part B 2021年第8期6卷 2291-2293页

作者： Ueric José Borges de Souza Raíssa Nunes dos Santos Renisson Neponuceno de Araújo Filho Gil Rodrigues dos Santos Renato Almeida Sarmento Fabien De Bellis Fabrício Souza Campos a Laboratory of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology Federal University of Tocantins Gurupi Brazil b Department of Forestry Engineering Federal University of Tocantins Gurupi Brazil c Laboratory of Phytopathology Federal University of Tocantins Gurupi Brazil b Department of Forestry Engineering Federal University of Tocantins Gurupi Brazild Post-Graduate Program in Plant Production Federal University of Tocantins Gurupi Brazil e CIRAD UMR AGAP Institute Montpellier Francef UMR AGAP Institute University of Montpellier CIRAD INRAE L’Institut Agro Montpellier France

The chloroplast (cp) is an essential organelle in higher plants. The genes of the plastome are well suited to infer phylogenetic relationships among taxa. In this study, we report the assembly of the cp genome ofArtocarpus altilisand its phylogeny among species from Moraceae family. The cp genome ofA. altiliswas 160,822 base pair (bp) in length, comprising one large single-copy region of 88,692 bp, one small single-copy region of 19,290 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 26,420 bp. A total of 113 different genes were predicted, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30tRNA genes, and fourrRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis of 19 species belonging to the Moraceae family confirmed the phylogenetic proximity of the genusArtocarpusandMorusand the genetic similarity ofA. camansiandA. altilis.

关键词： Plastid genome plastome phylogenetic relationships

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Calycosin Enhances Heat Shock Related-Proteins in H9c2 Cells to Modulate Survival and Apoptosis against Heat Shock

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The American journal of Chinese medicine 2024年第4期52卷 1173-1193页

作者： Pei-Fang Lai Ramasamy Mahendran Bruce Chi-Kang Tsai Cheng-You Lu Chia-Hua Kuo Kuan-Ho Lin Shang-Yeh Lu Yu-Ling Wu Yung-Ming Chang Wei-Wen Kuo Chih-Yang Huang Department of Emergency Medicine Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien 970 Taiwan. Department of Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualien 970 Taiwan. Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Hualien 970 Taiwan. Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine College of Medicine National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan. Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry University of Taipei Taipei 111 Taiwan. Institute of Sports Sciences University of Taipei Taipei 111 Taiwan. School of Physical Education and Sports Science Soochow University Suzhou 215021 China. Department of Kinesiology and Health College of William and Mary Williamsburg VA 23185 USA. Department of Emergency Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung 404 Taiwan. College of Medicine China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital Taichung 404 Taiwan. The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate I-Shou University 840 Kaohsiung Taiwan. Chinese Medicine Department E-DA Hospital Kaohsiung 824 Taiwan. 1PT Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Taichung 433 Taiwan. Department of Biological Science and Technology College of Life Sciences China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan. Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan. School of Pharmacy China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences China Medical University Taichung 406 Taiwan. Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung 413 Taiwan. Center of General Education Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology Hualien 970 Taiwan. Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University Taichung 404 Taiwan.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs), which function as chaperones, are activated in response to various environmental stressors. In addition to their role in diverse aspects of protein production, HSPs protect against harmful protein-related stressors. Calycosin exhibits numerous beneficial properties. This study aims to explore the protective effects of calycosin in the heart under heat shock and determine its underlying mechanism. H9c2 cells, western blot, TUNEL staining, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining were used. The time-dependent effects of heat shock analyzed using western blot revealed increased HSP expression for up to 2[Formula: see text]h, followed by protein degradation after 4[Formula: see text]h. Hence, a heat shock damage duration of 4[Formula: see text]h was chosen for subsequent investigations. Calycosin administered post-heat shock demonstrated dose-dependent recovery of cell viability. Under heat shock conditions, calycosin prevented the apoptosis of H9c2 cells by upregulating HSPs, suppressing p-JNK, enhancing Bcl-2 activation, and inhibiting cleaved caspase 3. Calycosin also inhibited Fas/FasL expression and activated cell survival markers (p-PI3K, p-ERK, p-Akt), indicating their cytoprotective properties through PI3K/Akt activation and JNK inhibition. TUNEL staining and flow cytometry confirmed that calycosin reduced apoptosis. Moreover, calycosin reversed the inhibitory effects of quercetin on HSF1 and Hsp70 expression, illustrating its role in enhancing Hsp70 expression through HSF1 activation during heat shock. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated HSF1 translocation to the nucleus following calycosin treatment, emphasizing its cytoprotective effects. In conclusion, calycosin exhibits pronounced protective effects against heat shock-induced damages by modulating HSP expression and regulating key signaling pathways to promote cell survival in H9c2 cells.

关键词： Astragalus Membranaceus Calycosin Cardiomyocyte Heart Protection Heat Shock Heat Shock-Related Protein

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Ni-doped ZnO nanocrystalline material for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction

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Materials Today: Proceedings 2020年 29卷 715-719页

作者： Aniruddha Mondal Prashant B. Chouke Vaishali Sonkusre Trimurti Lambat Ahmed A. Abdala Sudip Mondal Ratiram Gomaji Chaudhary Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Tatung University No. 40 Sec. 3 Chungshan North Rd. Taipei City 104 Taiwan Post Graduate Department of Chemistry Seth Kesarimal Porwal College of Arts Science and Commerce Kamptee 441001 Maharashtra India Post Graduate Teaching Department of Chemistry Rashtrasant Tukdoji Maharaj Nagpur University Nagpur 440033 Maharashtra India Department of Chemistry M. B. Patel College of Arts Commerce & Science Deori 441901 India Chemical Engineering Program Texas A & M University at Qatar POB 23784 Doha Qatar

Less expensive catalyst is highly required for the ORR half-cell reactions in the fuel cell. From now, the progress of the less expensive, active, potential ORR catalysts are much needed for the fuel cell technology compared to expensive, less abundant Pt based materials. In our investigation, less expensive and easily abundant nickel (Ni) have been doped into the nanocrystalline ZnO architecture were synthesized for the use in ORR as electrocatalyst. Influence of nickel doping into nanocrystalline ZnO nanomaterials were investigated by Raman, Photoluminescence, FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRD results proved that, the material is pure crystalline after and before doping. In our synthesized procedure, there is no significant changes in the morphology after Ni doped ZnO. The PL results also supported the integration of Ni into zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoscale material, increasing the vacancy of the synthesized ZnO nanostructured materials. After successful formation of the Ni doped ZnO and without doped ZnO has shown the heightened electrocatalytic bustle. Nanostructured Ni doped ZnO has shown significant ORR activity in alkaline solution (0.1 M KOH). The enriched movement of the Ni doped ZnO indicates that the synthesized materials in our process can be utilised as the cheap and effective electrocatalyst in the ORR fuel cell reactions.

关键词： ZnO Doped ZnO Nanocrystalline Oxygen reduction reaction Photoluminescence

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Influence of Dentin Priming with Tannin-Rich Plant Extracts on the Longevity of Bonded Composite Restorations

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Scientific World Journal 2021年第1期2021卷 1614643页

作者： Polassi, Mackeler Ramos Oliveira, Thales De Sá Carvalho, Ana Calheiros De Medeiros, Lívia Soman De Medeiros Veiga, Thiago André Moura Graeff, Carlos Frederico De Oliveira González, Alejandra Hortencia Miranda Marcucci, Maria Cristina Grecco, Simone Dos Santos Dalpino, Paulo Henrique Perlatti Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Department of Chemistry Universidade Federal de São Paulo SP Diadema Brazil São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Sciences POSMAT - Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science and Technology SP Bauru Brazil Triplet Biotechnology Solutions São Paulo Brazil Science and Technology Institute Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP SP São José dos Campos Brazil

Objective. This in vitro study evaluated the influence of bioactive plant extracts as dentin biomodifying agents to improve the longevity of bonded restorations. For that, plant extracts were applied to the dentin surface prior to the adhesive system. Materials and Methods. Bovine incisors were ground flat to obtain 2 mm thick slices in which conical preparations were made (N = 10). Tannin-containing plant extracts were applied to dentin before the application of the restorative system, as follows: control group (untreated, CTL), chlorhexidine 0.12% (CHX), mastruz (Dysphania ambrosioides, MTZ), cat's claw (Uncaria tomentosa, CTC), guarana (Paullinia cupana, GUA), galla chinensis (Rhus chinensis, GCH), and tannic acid (extracted from Acacia decurrens, TNA). The push-out bond strength test was conducted (0.5 mm/min). Dentin biomodification was assessed by the modulus of elasticity and mass change in bovine tooth sections (0.5 × 1.7 × 7.0 mm). The dentin staining after extract treatments of dentin slices was compared. The dentin surface wettability was also evaluated by means of the contact angles of the adhesive system with the dentin surface and compared with the untreated control group. Data were subjected to ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Results. The bond strength of the restoratives to dentin was not significantly improved by the plant extracts, irrespective of the evaluation time (p>0.05). Except for TNA, the elastic modulus of demineralized dentin significantly reduced after treatment with the plant extracts (p<0.05). The dentin staining correlated with the tannin content of the extracts. The contact angle was significantly reduced when treated with CTC, GCH, and TNA. Conclusions. The tannin-containing extracts had a questionable effect on the longevity of bonded restorations. The dentin modulus was negatively affected by the extract treatments. Although some of the extracts changed the contact angle, which seems to improve the adhesive monomer permeation, the

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In silico search reveals the association of lichens with black yeast-like fungi in the order Chaetothyriales

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Fungal Biology 2025年

作者： Flavia de Fatima Costa Bruno Paulo Rodrigues Lustosa Camila Pereira Perico Ricardo Belmonte-Lopes João Lucas Vitório Ribeiro Carvalho Emanuel L. Razzolini Germana Davila dos Santos Bruna Jacomel Favoreto de Souza Lima Cristina Maria de Souza Motta Roberto Tadeu Raittz Yinggai Song Laura Selbmann G. Sybren de Hoog Jacques Meis Vania Aparecida Vicente Engineering Bioprocess and Biotechnology Post-Graduation Program Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Federal University of Parana Curitiba Paraná Brazil Graduate Program in Bioinformatics SEPT Federal University of Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Applied to Bioinformatics SEPT Federal University of Paraná Curitiba Paraná Brazil Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences Tuscia University 01100 Viterbo Italy Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud University Medical Center / Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital Nijmegen The Netherlands Department of Mycology Federal university of Pernambuco Recife Brazil Department of Dermatology Peking University First Hospital Peking University Beijing China Italian National Antarctic Museum (MNA) Mycological Section 16121 Genoa Italy Institute of Translational Research Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases and Excellence Centre for Medical Mycology University of Cologne Cologne Germany

Lichens exemplify a unique symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria, where fungi (mycobionts) provide structural support, while algae or cyanobacteria (photobionts) provide nutrients. Recent discoveries in the order Chaetothyriales have led to the description of several lichenicolous species, underscoring an intricate relationship of some black yeast-like fungi with lichens. The present study aims to investigate public metagenomic data of lichens available in the SRA database, covering a total of 2,888 samples. The analysis incorporated 122 molecular marker sequences (barcodes and padlock probes) previously documented in the literature for species classified within Chaetothyriales. Additionally, 11 novel barcodes for species recently identified in lichens of the genera Cladophialophora and Paracladophialophora are described. The selected metagenomes were then compared with molecular marker sequences using local BLASTn (v2.6.0+), considering only alignments with a coverage cut-off and 100% identity (perfect match). Reads from each sample were retrieved from the SRA as a multifasta file and analyzed with the SWeeP method for vector-based, alignment-free sequence analysis. The analysis identified fungi that are known as environmental inhabitants and, occasionally, opportunistic pathogens of vertebrates, including species in the genera Cladophialophora , Cyphellophora , and Exophiala . These species were distributed across 11 BioProjects from various locations around the world. The findings of this study corroborate extant knowledge concerning fungal colonization in diverse extremophilic environments, including deserts, tundra, and rocky surfaces.

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Microstructural and proteomic analysis to investigate the effectiveness of papaya leaf as a tenderizer of beef and goat's meat

Microstructural and proteomic analysis to investigate the ef...

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International Conference on Food Science and Technology 2018, ICFST 2018

作者： Kartika, A.I. Kusuma, H.S. Darmawati, S. Tanjung, D.S. Molecular Biology Laboratory Medical Laboratory Technology D4 Health and Nursing Faculty Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang Indonesia Nutrition Laboratory Health and Nursing Faculty Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang Indonesia Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology School of Postgraduate Universitas Gadjah Mada St. Teknika Utara Barek Caturtunggal Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta55281 Indonesia

Meat quality for the community is determined by the level of tenderizer. The process of meat tenderization could be done by giving papain enzymes derived from papaya fruit or leaves. Meat with the administration of papain enzymes can be analyzed based on protein profiles to see protein and microstructural integrity to see the texture of meat. The research sample was 20 g of beef and goat's meat with the treatment using the enzyme papain derived from papaya leaves. Time variation of enzyme administration 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, and 8 h, as well as variations in the weight of crude papain extract from papaya leaves as much as 10 g, 15 g, and 20 g. Analysis of protein concentration using Bradford and Kjeldhal methods, and protein profiles using the SDS PAGE method, and microstructural analysis using SEM. The concentration of meat protein with the treatment of crude extract of papaya leaves decreased compared to control meat. Based on protein profile analysis showed that meat given the enzyme papain from papaya leaves experienced protein band loss at a size of 225 kDa, 150 kDa, 96 kDa, 86 kDa. Microstructural analysis showed that beef and goat's meat treated with damage to collagen fibers, collagen fibers did not stick with muscle fibers, and the arrangement was irregular, in addition, there was a distance between muscle fibers. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Textures

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Neisseria meningitidis: analysis of pili and LPS in emerging Brazilian strains

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Therapeutic Advances in Vaccines and Immunotherapy 2020年第8期8卷 2515135520919195页

作者： Portilho, Amanda Izeli Trzewikoswki de Lima, Gabriela De Gaspari, Elizabeth Departament of Immunology Adolfo Lutz Institute São Paulo Brazil Post-Graduate Program Interunity in Biotechnology Biomedical Sciences Institute São Paulo University São Paulo Brazil Departament of Immunology Adolfo Lutz Institute Dr Arnaldo Avenue 355 11 floor o São Paul 01246-902 SP Brazil

Background: Neisseria meningitidis is the main cause of bacterial meningitis in Brazil, where the main serogroups isolated are B and C;however, the serogroup W has recently emerged. LPS and type IV pili are important virulence factors that increase meningococci pathogenicity. Methods: The characterization of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and type IV pili in 19 meningococci strains of serogroup B, 21 of serogroup C, 45 of serogroup W and 28 of serogroup Y, isolated in Brazil between 2011 and 2017, was conducted using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (Dot- ELISA) technique and monoclonal antibodies. Results: We would like to emphasize the importance of characterizing relevant antigens, such as pili and LPS, the use of monoclonal antibodies to support it, and how such studies improve vaccine development and monitoring. Most of the strains studied presented L3,7,9 LPS and type IV pili;both antigens are associated with the capacity to cause invasive disease. Conclusion: Due to the impact of meningococcal disease, it is important to maintain and improve vaccine studies. Epitopes characterization provides data about the virulence of circulating strains. The use of monoclonal antibodies and serological techniques are relevant and support vaccine development. © The Author(s), 2020.

关键词： invasive meningococcal disease LPS Neisseria meningitidis pili serotyping

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An analysis on the relationship and genetic diversity of Indonesian cassava accessions (Manihot esculenta)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2023年第1期2583卷

作者： Sholeh Avivi Fajar Firmansyah Bella Rhea Lavifa Sanjaya Didik Pudji Restanto 1Center for Development of Advanced Science and Technology (CDAST) University of Jember. Jl. Kalimantan No 37 Jember 68121 East Java Indonesia. Tel./Fax. +62-812-1751-700 2Post Graduate Program of Agronomy University of Jember. Jl. Kalimantan No 37 Jember 68121 East Java Indonesia. 3The Center of Excellence on Crop Industrial Biotechnology University of Jember. Jl. Kalimantan No 37 Jember 68121 East Java Indonesia.

The genetic improvement of Indonesian cassava is limited by the lack of knowledge about genetic diversity in circulating cassava clones. Good breeding results require information on the Relationship between the clones used. This study aims to study the genetic relationship between several Jember cassava clones through genotype and phenotype approaches. The genetic relationship between 22 cassava accessions was analyzed using RAPD and phenotypically using the key of determination. The genetic Relationship dendrogram results were obtained from 87 DNA bands and 18 phenotypic characters. The genetic relationships were analyzed using similarity coefficients and phenotypic genetic distances. Relationship analysis of 22 cassava accessions based on phenotypic characters yielded similarity coefficients ranging from 0.39 to 0.83. Relationship analysis of 22 cassava accessions based on RAPD markers, resulted in a similarity coefficient of 0.5-1.0, or 55 to 100%.

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Computer-aided drug discovery of a dual-target inhibitor for ovarian cancer: therapeutic intervention targeting CDK1/TTK signaling pathway and structural insights in the NCI-60

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Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025年 193卷 110445页

作者： Tang, Sung-Ling Sumitra, Maryam Rachmawati Kuo, Yu-Cheng Hsu, Han-Lin Ansar, Muhamad Huang, Sheng-Liang Lee, Shih-Yu Wang, Hong-Jaan Lawal, Bashir Wu, Alexander T.H. Chen, Lung-Ching Huang, Hsu-Shan School of Pharmacy National Defense Medical Center Taipei11490 Taiwan PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine College of Chinese Medicine China Medical University Taichung40604 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Division of Pulmonary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Wanfang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei110301 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine National Defense Medical Center Taipei11490 Taiwan UPMC Hillman Cancer Center University of Pittsburgh PittsburghPA United States Ph.D. Program of Translational Medicine College of Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital Taipei11101 Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development College of Pharmacy Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan

Ovarian cancer remains the third most prevalent and deadliest gynecologic malignancy worldwide, with most patients eventually developing resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. This highlights a critical unmet need for innovative multitargeted therapies to address current treatment challenges. In this study, we identified 35 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through integrated analysis of four GEO ovarian cancer datasets, with validation using TCGA data. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses highlighted key tumor-associated pathways, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network modeling prioritized CDK1 and TTK as high-value therapeutic targets. We evaluated the association between molecular genomic features and drug responses across the NCI-60 ovarian cancer cell line panel (IGROV1, OVCAR-3, OVCAR-4, OVCAR-5, OVCAR-8, NCI/ADR-RES, and SK-OV-3), using a series of salicylanilide-derived compounds and four FDA-approved drugs (cabozantinib, paclitaxel, rapamycin, and niclosamide) from the NCI Developmental Therapeutics program (DTP). Among these, NSC765690 (MCC22) emerged as the most promising candidate. It demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity, high target selectivity, and strong binding affinity to both CDK1 and TTK. Multi-omics integration, combined with AI-driven network modeling, further elucidated NSC765690's mechanism of action and its relevance to ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Additionally, ADMET and pharmacokinetic profiling confirmed its favorable drug-like properties and low predicted toxicity. Collectively, these findings establish NSC765690 as a potent dual-target inhibitor and exemplify a rational, data-driven drug discovery pipeline for overcoming chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Chemotherapy

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Bridging the Gap: Exploring the Preclinical Potential ofPereskia grandifoliain Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2023年第1期2023卷

作者： Edilson Rodrigues Albuquerque Gustavo Ratti da Silva Fernanda de Abreu Braga Ester Pelegrini Silva Karina Sposito Negrini Julia Amanda Rodrigues Fracasso Lucas Pires Guarnier Ezilda Jacomassi João Tadeu Ribeiro-Paes Roberto da Silva Gomes Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lívero Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products Post Graduate Program in Animal Science with Emphasis on Bioactive Products Universidade Paranaense Umuarama Brazilunipar.br Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products Paranaense University Umuarama Brazilunipar.br School of Dentistry São Paulo State University Araçatuba Brazilunesp.br Department of Genetic Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazilusp.br Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products Post Graduate Program in Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics in Basic Attention Paranaense University Umuarama Brazilunipar.br Department of Biotechnology São Paulo State University Assis São Paulo Brazilunesp.br Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo North Dakota 58102 USAndsu.edu Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology Faculty of Health Sciences Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazilufgd.edu.br Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Pharmacology Federal University of Paraná Curitiba Brazilufpr.br

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a complex condition characterized by steatosis and metabolic disturbances. Risk factors such as diabetes, cigarette smoking, and dyslipidaemia contribute to its development and progression. Effective and safe therapies for MAFLD are urgently needed. Pereskia grandifolia has shown potential as an alternative treatment, but its effectiveness against liver disease remains unexplored. This research aims to determine the hepatoprotective properties of P. grandifolia using a model of MAFLD. The study was carried out through various phases to assess the safety and efficacy of the ethanol-soluble fraction of P. grandifolia . Initially, an in vitro assay was performed to assess cell viability. This was followed by an acute toxicity test conducted in rats to determine the safety profile of the extract. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory properties of P. grandifolia were examined in macrophages. For the MAFLD study, diabetic Wistar rats were made diabetic and exposed to a high fat diet and cigarette smoke, for 4 weeks. During the last 2 weeks, the rats were orally given either the vehicle (negative control group; C-), P. grandifolia (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg), or insulin in addition to simvastatin. A basal group of rats not exposed to these risk factors was also assessed. Blood samples were collected to measure cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, ALT, and AST levels. Liver was assessed for lipid and oxidative markers, and liver histopathology was examined. P. grandifolia showed no signs of toxicity. It demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting phagocytosis and macrophage spreading. The MAFLD model induced liver abnormalities, including increased AST, ALT, disrupted lipid profile, oxidative stress, and significant hepatic damage. However, P. grandifolia effectively reversed these changes, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic agent. These findings emphasize the significance of P. grandifolia in mitigating hepa

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