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Current advances in the brewery wastewater treatment from anaerobic digestion for biogas production: A systematic review

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Environmental Advances 2023年 13卷

作者： Maria, Mariana Pires Torres, Nádia Hortense Nascimento, Victor Ruan Silva Chagas, Talita Santos Alves Saratale, Ganesh Dattatraya Mulla, Sikandar I. Bharagava, Ram Naresh Cavalcanti, Eliane Bezerra Romanholo Ferreira, Luiz Fernando Graduate Program in Process Engineering Tiradentes University Av. Murilo Dantas 300 Farolândia SE Aracaju 49032-490 Brazil Institute of Technology and Research Av. Murilo Dantas 300 Farolândia SE Aracaju 49032-490 Brazil Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Dongguk University Ilsandong-gu Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do Seoul 10326 South Korea Department of Biochemistry School of Allied Health Sciences REVA University Bangalore India Laboratory of Bioremediation and Metagenomics Research (LBMR) Department of Environmental Microbiology (DEM) Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University) Vidya Vihar Raebareli Road U.P. Lucknow 226 025 India

Brazil is the third largest beer producer in the world and has several brewing industries. These industries cover a range of production processes due to their wide variety of beverages, which leads to the generation of effluents with different physicochemical characteristics. Furthermore, these residues are usually disposed of without any treatment despite having enormous potential for biogas and bioenergy production. Biorefinery is a relevant alternative to the transition from a linear economy to a Circular Economy (CE). The Biorefinery exploits all available resources in the production of goods and contributes to sustainable development in the face of industrial production. In this context, as an alternative solution, anaerobic digestion (AD) has been commonly used as it uses different biomass sources to satisfy current energy demands. AD can be implemented to treat brewing effluent, promote its energy recovery, reduce environmental pollution, and produce environmentally friendly biological products: biogas and biofertilizer. Thus, this review explored the potential of AD for brewery waste management in association with the bio-based CE. Overall, the current manuscript emphasized the potential of brewery waste for biogas generation and energy production, discussing its adoption and challenges. © 2023

关键词： Anaerobic digestion Bioenergy Biogas Brewery wastewater

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Stochastic multi-objective optimization of hybrid distributed power generation with battery storage systems

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Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning and Policy 2025年第1期20卷

作者： Barbosa, Aglaucibelly Maciel Rotella Junior, Paulo Peruchi, Rogério Santana Rocha, Luiz Célio Souza Pires, Arthur Leandro Guerra Janda, Karel Post-Graduate Program in Production Engineering and Systems Federal University of Paraiba João Pessoa Brazil Department of Production Engineering Federal University of Paraiba João Pessoa Brazil Faculty of Finance and Accounting Prague University of Economics and Business Prague Czech Republic Institute of Economic Studies Faculty of Social Sciences Charles University Prague Czech Republic Management Department - Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology - North of Minas Gerais Almenara Brazil Institute of Production Engineering and Management Federal University of Itajubá Brazil

Hybrid energy projects are gaining global interest due to their potential to promote sustainable development. This study addresses a gap in the literature by proposing a stochastic model that assesses the economic feasibility of a hybrid energy system combining wind, photovoltaic generation, and battery storage. Unlike traditional deterministic approaches, the model incorporates uncertainties in key financial and operational variables, improving decision-making in real-world conditions. The optimization framework integrates Design of Experiments (DoE), Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and the Desirability function to balance economic return and financial risk. By maximizing the mean and minimizing the variance of the Net Present Value (NPV), the model identifies an optimal system configuration with 92% wind energy, a demand level of 230 kWh/month, and lithium-ion battery storage. This approach reduces computational complexity and enhances hybrid system viability in regions with strong wind resources, providing a valuable tool for investors and policymakers in sustainable energy planning. © 2025 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： Multiobjective optimization

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Assessing the Dietary Probabilistic Risk from Inorganic Arsenic and Benefits from Indispensable Amino Acids in the Meat from Chickens Provided Seaweed-Supplemented Feeds in the Diet of the Taiwanese Population

SSRN

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Hung, Ching-Chi Lin, Hsin-Tang Chen, Ching-Yi Jung, Chien-Cheng Ni, Shih-Pei Chen, Kuan-Yi Chang, Chia-Chin Lee, Tsung-Yu Chiang, Chow-Feng Livestock Research Institute Council of Agriculture Executive Yuan. No. 112 Muchang Xinhua Dist Tainan City71246 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Food Safety National Chung Hsing University No. 145 Xingda Rd. South Dist Taichung City40227 Taiwan Department of Animal Science and Technology National Taiwan University No. 50 Lane 155 Sec 3 Keelung Rd Taipei City10672 Taiwan Department of Public Health China Medical University No. 100 Sec. 1 Jingmao Rd. Beitun Dist Taichung City406040 Taiwan Master Program for Food and Drug Safety China Medical University No. 100 Sec. 1 Jingmao Rd. Beitun Dist Taichung City406040 Taiwan

Seaweed is a common nutritional supplement in animal feed, but it may be a source of arsenic (As) contamination. As-contaminated commercial seaweed additives from Sargassum hemiphyllum var. chinense (SHC) and Ulva lactuca (UL) were evaluated. Tests involving feed containing 2% and 5% SHC (10,847 µg/kg total As (tAs)) and UL (115 µg/kg tAs) were conducted. After chickens were reared for 35 days, breast meat samples were taken and analyzed to assess eight indispensable amino acids (AAs) and four As species. Consumption rate (CR) data (n = 3343) were obtained from 24-hour dietary recalls in the 2005–2008 Nutrition and Health Surveys in Taiwan (NAHSIT). A Monte Carlo simulation (n = 10,000) was performed to match CR and concentration (C) data for the estimated exposure dose (EDI). Inorganic As (iAs) was 93.6%–96.2% of tAs in feed, while it was 3.9%–34.7% in the chicken breasts. A low biotransfer factor of 0.0062 day/kg was found using transfer and mass balance analyses, which suggest a high degree of methylation and high excretion rate (98.8%). For the 5% SHC test, the mean EDI was 0.0073 µg/kg/day for adult consumers (18+ years old) and 0.013 µg/kg/day for children (1–18 years old). For the 5% SHC test, when the margin of exposure (MOE) risk criteria was 1000, the level of protection for whole-group adults was insufficient at 81% ( © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Monte Carlo methods

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Multiomics analysis reveals microbial diversity and activity through spontaneous fermentation of Theobroma cacao

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Heliyon 2024年第23期10卷 e40542页

作者： da Costa Fonseca, Ynara Bahule, Celina Eugenio Herrera, Hector da Silva Martins, Luiza Helena Lopes, Alessandra Santos Cassoli, Juliana Silva Trindade, Felipe Costa Chagas da Costa, Isa Rebecca Henrique de Oliveira Costa, Paulo Oliveira, Guilherme Borges da Silva Valadares, Rafael Graduate Program in Agricultural Applied Biotechnology Federal Rural University of Amazonia President Tancredo Neves Ave 2501 Belém CEP 66.077-830 Brazil Vale Institute of Technology Boaventura da Silva Street 955 Belém CEP 66050-090 Brazil Center of Studies in Science and Technology (NECET) Rovuma University Niassa Branch Lichinga Mozambique Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente Universidad de La Frontera Temuco 4811230 Chile Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Sustainability (C-BEST) Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente Universidad de La Frontera Chile Institute of Animal Health and Production Federal Rural University of Amazonia President Tancredo Neves Ave. 2501 Belém CEP 66077-830 Brazil Faculty of Food Engineering Institute of Technology Federal University of Pará Belém CEP 66075-110 Brazil Laboratory of Omics Sciences Institute of Biological Sciences Guamá Campus Federal University of Pará Belém 66075-110 Brazil

To gain insight into the active microbiota during spontaneous fermentation of Theobroma cacao L., this study assessed protein diversity during 120 h using a combined metabarconding and metaproteomics approach. During the first days of fermentation, most of the peptides were associated with T. cacao and yeast (0–72 h). Peptides associated with bacteria became more abundant after 72 h of fermentation, coinciding with a decrease in peptides associated with cocoa (96–120 h). In addition to the known microorganisms involved in fermentation, such as Saccharomyces, Lactobacillus and Acetobacter, novel genera were also metabolically active, including Microvirga, Inquilinus, Candolleomyces and Lasiodiplodia. The results showed a consistency in the main genera detected by both techniques, but the identification of unexplored genera such as Inquilinus, Microvirga, Cyphellophora and Ashbya gossypii, among others, suggests that this omics approach needs to be used together for more comprehensive results on spontaneous fermentation. In conclusion, studies combining techniques such as metabarcoding and metaproteomics should be considered in fermentation studies, as a single technique would result in omissions regarding the activity of certain microorganisms that may be important for the course of spontaneous fermentation. © 2024

关键词： Bacteria Cocoa Metabarcoding Metaproteomics

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Using puzzle to encourage students to do problem posing

Using puzzle to encourage students to do problem posing

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International Conference on Mathematics and Natural sciences 2017, IConMNS 2017

作者： Candiasa, I.M. Santiyadnya, N. Sunu, G.K.A. Educational Science Study Program Post-Graduate Faculty Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Bali81116 Indonesia Electronica Technology Education Study Program Faculty of Technology and Vocational School Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Bali81116 Indonesia Educational Administration Post-Graduate Program Faculty Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Bali81116 Indonesia

Problem posing is very important in learning mathematics. Many studies have indicated that problem posing can improve the ability to solve mathematics problems. Therefore it is necessary to encourage students systematically to do problem posing. This research tries to pack problem posing in puzzle frame in order to increase student's interest and ability to do problem posing. The puzzle game which is then directed to problem posing is assured can arouse students' enthusiasm, thus encouraging their involvement in problem posing activities. Two groups of junior high school students each consisted of 31 and 32 students selected as samples. The first group follow mathematics class with problem posing learning model that preceded by playing a puzzle but still in a mathematical environment. The second group follow the mathematics class with problem posing learning model only. At the end of the research student's interest and ability to do problem posing are compared by using MANOVA test. Wilks' Lambda test results F = 10.8 on significance (p) = 0.002. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the problem posing learning model in mathematics that is preceded by playing puzzles can increase students' interest and ability to do problem posing. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Students

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Emerging contaminants:A One Health perspective

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The Innovation 2024年第4期5卷 140-170,139页

作者： Fang Wang Leilei Xiang Kelvin Sze-Yin Leung Martin Elsner Ying Zhang Yuming Guo Bo Pan Hongwen Sun Taicheng An Guangguo Ying Bryan WBrooks Deyi Hou Damian EHelbling Jianqiang Sun Hao Qiu Timothy MVogel Wei Zhang Yanzheng Gao Myrna JSimpson Yi Luo Scott XChang Guanyong Su Bryan MWong Tzung-May Fu Dong Zhu Karl JJobst Chengjun Ge Frederic Coulon Jean Damascene Harindintwali Xiankui Zeng Haijun Wang Yuhao Fu Zhong Wei Rainer Lohmann Changer Chen Yang Song Concepcion Sanchez-Cid Yu Wang Ali El-Naggar Yiming Yao Yanran Huang Japhet Cheuk-Fung Law Chenggang Gu Huizhong Shen Yanpeng Gao Chao Qin Hao Li Tong Zhang Natàlia Corcoll Min Liu Daniel SAlessi Hui Li Kristian KBrandt Yolanda Pico Cheng Gu Jianhua Guo Jianqiang Su Philippe Corvini Mao Ye Teresa Rocha-Santos Huan He Yi Yang Meiping Tong Weina Zhang Fidèle Suanon Ferdi Brahushi Zhenyu Wang Syed AHashsham Marko Virta Qingbin Yuan Gaofei Jiang Louis A.Tremblay Qingwei Bu Jichun Wu Willie Peijnenburg Edward Topp Xinde Cao Xin Jiang Minghui Zheng Taolin Zhang Yongming Luo Lizhong Zhu Xiangdong Li DamiàBarceló Jianmin Chen Baoshan Xing Wulf Amelung Zongwei Cai Ravi Naidu Qirong Shen Janusz Pawliszyn Yong-guan Zhu Andreas Schaeffer Matthias C.Rillig Fengchang Wu Gang Yu James M.Tiedje State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education Shenzhen Virtual University ParkShenzhenChina Technical University of Munich TUM School of Natural SciencesInstitute of Hydrochemistry85748 GarchingGermany School of Resources&Environment Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030China Climate Air Quality Research UnitSchool of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Faculty of Environmental Science&Engineering Kunming University of Science&TechnologyKunming 650500China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringInstitute of Environmental Health and Pollution ControlGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry South China Normal UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China Department of Environmental Science Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research(CRASR) Baylor UniversityWacoTXUSA School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Laboratoire d’Ecologie Microbienne Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1UMR CNRS 5557UMR INRAE 1418VetAgro Sup69622 VilleurbanneFrance Department of Pla

Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary *** global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants,the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the *** response,global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants,as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN’s Intergovernmental science-Policy Panel on Chemicals,Waste,and Pollution *** review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health,emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health *** for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed,underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international *** actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.

关键词： pollution planet contaminants

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Therapeutic targeting of hepatocellular carcinoma cells with antrocinol, a novel, dual-specificity, small-molecule inhibitor of the KRAS and ERK oncogenic signaling pathways

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Chemico-Biological Interactions 2023年第1期370卷 110329页

作者： Hsu, Chia-Hung Weng, Pei-Wei Chen, Ming-Yao Yeh, Chi-Tai Setiawan, Syahru Agung Yadav, Vijesh Kumar Wu, Alexander T.H. Tzeng, David T.W. Gong, Jian-Xian Yang, Zhen Tzeng, Yew-Min Department of Emergency Medicine Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei City 23561 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei City 11031 Taiwan Department of Emergency Medicine School of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan Department of Orthopaedics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan Department of Orthopaedics Shuang Ho Hospital Taipei Medical University New Taipei City 23561 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine Shuang Ho Hospital New Taipei City 23561 Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan Continuing Education Program of Food Biotechnology Applications College of Science and Engineering National Taitung University Taitung 95092 Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan Ph.D. Program of Translational Medicine College of Medical Science and Technology Taipei Medical University Taipei 11031 Taiwan School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Lifebit London EC2A 2AP United Kingdom Laboratory of Chemical Genomics School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Applied Science National Taitung University Taitung

Until recently, sorafenib has been the only treatment approved by the U.S. food and Drug Administration for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some patients, however, exhibit resistance to this treatment and subsequently experience cancer progression, recurrence, or death. Therefore, identifying a new alternative treatment for patients with little or no response to sorafenib treatment is vital. In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential and underlying molecular mechanism of antrocinol ((3aS,4R,6aS,10aR)-4-(hydroxymethyl)-7,7-dimethyldecahydro-1H-naphtho[1,8a-c]furan-1-one) in patients with HCC. The results indicated that antrocinol was more therapeutically effective than antrocin, Stivarga, and sorafenib against HCC cell lines. Antrocinol also substantially suppressed the expression of KRAS-GTP, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, and p-AKT in the Huh7 cell line. Additionally, antrocinol-induced apoptosis in the Huh7 cell line, inhibited the formation of tumorspheres, and suppressed the expression of cancer stem cell markers CD133, KLF4, CD44, OCT4, SOX2, and c-Myc. Animal studies revealed that antrocinol alone considerably suppressed tumor growth in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice inoculated with Huh7 tumorspheres. It also synergistically enhanced the anticancer effect of sorafenib, resulting in enhanced suppression of tumor growth (p < 0.001) and tumorsphere formation (p < 0.001). In tumor samples resected from mice treated with antrocinol alone or in combination with sorafenib, immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increase in BAX expression and a decrease in ERK and AKT protein expression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the anti-HCC activity of antrocinol. With its higher therapeutic efficacy than that of sorafenib, antrocinol is a candidate drug for patients with HCC who demonstrate little or no response to sorafenib treatment. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Antrocinol Cancer stemness Hepatocellular carcinoma KRAS/AKT/ERK axis Sorafenib

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The effect of soaking time on mucilage removal from the coffee bean using pectinase enzyme

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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental science 2021年第2期807卷

作者： Fitri A B Tawali A Laga Agricultural Science Study Program Graduate School Hasanuddin University Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245 Food Science and Technology Study Program Department of Agricultural Technology Faculty of Agriculture Hasanuddin University Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km.10 Tamalanrea Makassar 90245

The perfect coffee fermentation process is characterized by the release of mucilage that covers the coffee beans. The mucilage that doesn't come off entirely from the coffee beans can affect the taste of the coffee. The mucilage, which is composed of pectin, can be removed using the pectinase enzyme. This study aims to determine the optimal soaking time required to remove the mucilage from the coffee beans. Coffee beans are soaked in a liquid containing the pectinase enzyme for 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. The results showed that soaking coffee beans for 4 hours in the pectinase enzyme was the best contact time in releasing the coffee bean mucilage. Soaking coffee beans for 4 hours in the pectinase enzyme produced a pectin yield of 0.25%, total dissolved solids 1.05°Brix, pH 6.55, and total sugar 15.67%.

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Natural sweetener glycyrrhizin protects against precocious puberty by modulating the gut microbiome

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Life sciences 2024年 350卷 122789页

作者： Nguyen, Nam Nhat Lin, Chia-Yuan Tsai, Wan-Ling Huang, Hui-Yu Chen, Chung-Ming Tung, Yu-Tang Chen, Yang-Ching International Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Department of Food Science National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung 202 Taiwan Department of Family Medicine School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Department of Health Promotion and Gerontological Care College of LOHAS Taipei University of Marine Technology New Taipei City 251 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Department of Pediatrics School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Department of Pediatrics Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei 110 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Biotechnology National Chung Hsing University Taichung 402 Taiwan Department of Family Medicine Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei 116 Taiwan School of Nutrition and Health Sciences College of Nutrition Taipei Medical University Taipei 110 Taiwan Nutrition Research Center Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei 110 Taiwan

Aims: Precocious puberty (PP) may lead to many adverse outcomes. Recent evidence suggests that PP is a gut–brain disease. On the other hand, the use of glycyrrhizin, a natural sweetener, has become popular in the past decade. Glycyrrhizin possesses various health benefits, but its impact on PP has yet to be investigated. We aimed to explore the protective effects of glycyrrhizin against PP in both humans (observational) and animals (interventional). Materials and methods: In the human cohort, we investigated the association between glycyrrhizin consumption and risk of PP. In the animal experiment, we observed puberty onset after feeding danazol-induced PP rats with glycyrrizin. Blood, fecal, and hypothalamic samples were harvested to evaluate potential mechanistic pathways. We also performed a fecal microbiota transplantation to confirm to causal relationship between glycyrrhizin and PP risk. Key findings: Glycyrrhizin exhibited a protective effect against PP in children (OR 0.60, 95%CI: 0.39–0.89, p = 0.013), primarily driven by its significance in girls, while no significant effect was observed in boys. This effect was consistent with findings in rodents. These benefits were achieved through the modulation of the gut microbiome, which functionally suppressed the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and prevented PP progression. A fecal microbiota transplantation indicated that the causal correlation between glycyrrhizin intake and PP is mediated by the gut microbiome alterations. Significance: Our findings suggest that glycyrrhizin can protect against PP by altering the gut microbiome. Long term use of glycyrrhizin is safe and tolerable. Therefore, glycyrrhizin can serve as a safe and affordable complementary therapy for PP. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Fecal microbiota transplantation Glycyrrhizin Gut microbiome Gut-brain disease Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis Natural sweetener Precocious puberty

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Polyelectrolyte nanoparticles derived from durian seed gum modified with chitosan for selective targeting in cancer cells

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International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2025年 315卷 144625页

作者： Putro, Jindrayani Nyoo Bintang Ilhami, Fasih Cheng, Chih-Chia Imanuela, Keziah Janice Mangindaan, Dave Irawaty, Wenny Rahmawati, Astrid Shimomura, Osamu Ismadji, Suryadi Chemical Engineering Master Program Faculty of Engineering Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Kalijudan 37 Surabaya60114 Indonesia Collaborative Research Center for Sustainable and Zero Waste Industries Jl. Kalijudan 37 East Java Surabaya60114 Indonesia Department of Natural Science Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas Negeri Surabaya Surabaya60231 Indonesia Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei10607 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Kalijudan 37 Surabaya60114 Indonesia Professional Engineer Program Department Faculty of Engineering Bina Nusantara University K.H. Syahdan No. 9 Jakarta11480 Indonesia Waste-Food-Environmental Nexus Research Interest Group Bina Nusantara University K.H. Syahdan No. 9 Jakarta11480 Indonesia Department of Applied Chemistry Osaka Institute of Technology 5-16-1 Omiya Ashahi-ku Osaka535-8585 Japan

The synthesis of natural polysaccharides from durian seed gum-modified chitosan as complex nanoparticles was successfully developed. The complex formation of nanoparticles was confirmed by 1H NMR, indicating the interpenetrating polymer network between the durian seed gum and chitosan. The material's physical properties were analyzed using ZETA potential, SEM, FTIR, swelling assay, and spectrofluorometer. The material showed a pH-responsive behavior as evidenced by the swelling assay, in which the complex nanoparticle has a smaller swelling index in pH 5.5 and 7.4 than pH 2.1. The stability of the material was tested by checking the hydrodynamic diameter, which resulted in the modification of chitosan having higher kinetic stability than the durian seed gum under a diameter smaller than 1 μm. The chitosan-modified durian seed gum's hemolytic activity indicates blood compatibility with 4 % hemolytic activity under high nanoparticle concentration (400 μg/mL). More importantly, the cytotoxicity test of complex nanoparticles showed biocompatibility with NIH/3 T3 cells, whereas complex nanoparticles exhibited high toxicity towards HeLa cells. Moreover, complex nanoparticles showed strong intracellular blue fluorescence with selective activity towards cancer cells. Hence, this newly developed green synthesis of polyelectrolyte nanoparticles derived from durian seed gum modified with chitosan improved selectivity and intracellular fluorescence in tracking cancer cells. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Chitosan

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