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Viticultural Performance of Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon （Vitis vinifera L.） Cultivated in High Altitude Regions of Southern Brazil

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Journal of Life sciences 2015年第9期9卷 399-410页

作者： Jaqueline Nogueira Muniz Suzeli Simon Alberto Fontanella Brighenti Luciane Isabel Malinovski Carolina Pretto Panceri Gabriella Vanderlinde Juliana Welter Debora Dal Zotto Aparecido Lima da Silva Santa Catarina Federal University Plant Genetic Resources Post Graduate Program Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346 ItacorubiFlorian6polis 88034-001 SC Brazil Santa Catarina State Agricultural Research and Rural Extension Agency EPAGRI Rua Josd Arafijo Lima 102 CEP S~oJoaquim 88600-000 SC Brazil Santa Catarina Federal University Food Science Post Graduate Program Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346 CEP FIorian6polis88034-001 SC Brazil Santa Catarina Federal University Agronomy College Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346 Itaeorubi Florian6polis 88034-001 SC Brazil

Different studies show that the altitude regions of the State of Santa Catarina have great potential for the production of grapevine varieties. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenological development, determine the thermal requirements in degree-days （DD）, the index heliothermic （IH） and climatic variables during the vegetative and productive development of varieties Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon grown in Campo Belo do Sul （27°40′04″ S, 50°44′48″ W, altitude 950 m a.s.l.） and Sao Joaquim （28°15′13″ S, 49°57′02″ W, altitude 1,400 m a.s.l.） during 2012/2013 cycle. Phenological stages evaluated were bud break, full bloom, veraison and maturity. Higher temperatures, global radiation, PAR and lower volumes of rainfall were the main climatic parameters that differentiated Campo Belo do Sul from Sao Joaquim. Due to occurrence of higher temperatures, Campo Belo do Sul presented thermal summation around 40% higher than Sao Joaquim. The low temperatures of Sao Joaquim extended the period of grape ripening and were responsible for the highest levels of titratable acidity and the higher concentrations of anthocyanins and total polyphenols in both varieties. The results show that in the altitude ranges studied （900 and 1400 m）, climatic behavior and viticultural performance of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot were suitable for producing quality wines.

关键词： Climate phenology technological maturation total polyphenols.

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A problem-based learning case study for teaching voice over internet protocol - VoIP: Using asterisk as a tool for teaching VoIP for information technology classes

A problem-based learning case study for teaching voice over ...

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6th International Conference on Computer Supported Education, CSEDU 2014

作者： Dias, M.C. Gabi, C.F. Rodrigues, E.P. Souza, V.R. Perkusich, A. Coordination of Electrical Engineering Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Paraíba - IFPB João Pessoa Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - PpgEE - COPELE Electrical Engineering Department Federal University of Campina Grande - UFCG Campina Grande Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9789897580215

This paper shows the use of PBL (Problem-Based Learning) technique as a key to learning VoIP in courses like Electrical Engineering and Computer Networks in conjunction with open source and the public domain software called Asterisk which was used to create the scenario of the experiment and the problems presented to the students. In order to make the validation, the experiment was applied to students of Bachelor in Electrical Engineering and in Communication technology System, undergraduate courses at the Federal Institute of Education, science and technology of Paraíba - IFPB, in the Telephony subject, with promising results. The Asterisk software was presented as a useful and flexible tool for constructing scenarios and problems for the teaching of VoIP technologies and the used approach resulted as effective for improving the attainment of the defined learning objectives.

关键词： Teaching

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart rate variability: A literature update

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International Archives of Medicine 2014年第1期7卷 1-8页

作者： Roque, Adriano L. Valenti, Vitor E. Massetti, Thais Da Silva, Talita Dias Monteiro, Carlos Bandeira De Mello Oliveira, Fernando R. De Almeida Junior, Álvaro Dantas Lacerda, Sheylla Nadjane Batista Pinasco, Gustavo Carreiro Nascimento, Viviane Gabriela Granja Filho, Luiz Gonzaga De Abreu, Luiz Carlos Garner, David M Ferreira, Celso Post-graduate Program in Cardiology Federal University of São Paulo Paulista School of Medicine 715 Pedro de Toledo St Vila Clementino São Paulo SP 04039-032 Brazil Post-graduate Program in Physical Therapy Faculty of Science and Technology UNESP Presidente Prudente SP Brazil Post-graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo São Paulo SP Brazil Department of Public Health Laboratory Design of Studies and Scientific Writing School of Medicine of ABC Santo-André SP Brazil Department of Environmental Health Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA United States Cardiorespiratory Research Group Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Oxford Brookes University Gipsy Lane Oxford OX3 0BP United Kingdom

Background: The literature indicates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects cardiac autonomic control. In this study, we conducted a literature review in order to investigate the heart rate variability (HRV) in COPD subjects. Methods: A search was performed in Medline database, using the link between the keywords: "autonomic nervous system", "cardiovascular system", "COPD" and "heart rate variability". Results: The search resulted in a total of 40 references. Amongst these references, the first exclusion resulted in the barring of 29 titles and abstracts, which were not clearly related to the purpose of review. This resulted in a total of 11 articles that were then read and utilized in the review. The selected studies indicated that there is significant reduction of HRV in patients with COPD, characterized by reduction of indices that assess parasympathetic activity in addition to dealing with the global autonomic modulation. We also established that supervised exercise can reduce these harmful effects in COPD patients. Also, it was reported that the use of non-invasive ventilation in these patients may contribute to the improvement of respiratory symptoms, with no impairing, and may even induce positive responses in cardiac autonomic regulation. Conclusion: The studies indicate a need for further investigations to guide future therapies to improve the treatment of cardiovascular system in the respiratory diseases. © 2014 Roque et al.;licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

关键词： Autonomic nervous system Cardiovascular system COPD Heart rate variability

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Author Correction: Long-term carbon sink in Borneo's forests halted by drought and vulnerable to edges

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Nature communications 2018年第1期9卷 342页

作者： Lan Qie Simon L Lewis Martin J P Sullivan Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez Georgia C Pickavance Terry Sunderland Peter Ashton Wannes Hubau Kamariah Abu Salim Shin-Ichiro Aiba Lindsay F Banin Nicholas Berry Francis Q Brearley David F R P Burslem Martin Dančák Stuart J Davies Gabriella Fredriksson Keith C Hamer Radim Hédl Lip Khoon Kho Kanehiro Kitayama Haruni Krisnawati Stanislav Lhota Yadvinder Malhi Colin Maycock Faizah Metali Edi Mirmanto Laszlo Nagy Reuben Nilus Robert Ong Colin A Pendry Axel Dalberg Poulsen Richard B Primack Ervan Rutishauser Ismayadi Samsoedin Bernaulus Saragih Plinio Sist J W Ferry Slik Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri Martin Svátek Sylvester Tan Aiyen Tjoa Mark van Nieuwstadt Ronald R E Vernimmen Ishak Yassir Petra Susan Kidd Muhammad Fitriadi Nur Khalish Hafizhah Ideris Rafizah Mat Serudin Layla Syaznie Abdullah Lim Muhammad Shahruney Saparudin Oliver L Phillips School of Geography University of Leeds LS2 9JT Leeds UK. qie.lan@***. Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London Silwood Park Campus SL5 7PY Ascot UK. qie.lan@***. School of Geography University of Leeds LS2 9JT Leeds UK. Department of Geography University College London WC1E 6BT London UK. Center for International Forestry Research Jl. CIFOR Situ Gede 16115 Bogor (Barat) Indonesia. School of Environmental and Marine Science James Cook University 1 James Cook Dr Townsville City QLD 4811 Australia. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge MA 02138 USA. Laboratory for wood Biology and Xylarium Royal Museum for Central Africa Leuvensesteenweg 13 3080 Tervuren Belgium. Environmental and Life Sciences Programme Faculty of Science Universiti Brunei Darussalam Jalan Tungku Link BE1410 Gadong Brunei Darussalam. Graduate School of Science and Engineering Kagoshima University 890-0065 Kagoshima Japan. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology EH26 0QB Penicuik UK. Bioclimate Thorn House 5 Rose Street EH2 2PR Edinburgh UK. School of Science and the Environment Manchester Metropolitan University Chester Street M1 5GD Manchester UK. School of Biological Sciences University of Aberdeen Cruickshank Building St Machar Drive AB24 3UU Aberdeen UK. Department of Ecology & Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science Palacký University in Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 CZ-78371 Olomouc Czech Republic. Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Washington DC 20013 USA. Asian School of the Environment Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798 Singapore Singapore. Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam 1012 WX Amsterdam The Netherlands. Pro Natura Foundation Jl. Jend. Sudirman No. 37 76112 Balikpapan Indonesia. Pan Eco SOCP Jl. Wahid Hasyim No. 51/74 20154 Medan Indonesia. School o

The original version of this Article contained an error in the third sentence of the abstract and incorrectly read "Here, using long-term plot monitoring records of up to half a century, we find that intact forests in Borneo gained 0.43 Mg C ha year (95% CI 0.14-0.72, mean period 1988-2010) above-ground live biomass", rather than the correct "Here, using long-term plot monitoring records of up to half a century, we find that intact forests in Borneo gained 0.43 Mg C ha year (95% CI 0.14-0.72, mean period 1988-2010) in above-ground live biomass carbon". This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

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Abstracts from the food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016 Abstracts

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CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL ALLERGY 2017年第SUPPL 1期7卷 10-10页

作者： [Anonymous] Department of Pediatrics Children’s Hospital Roubaix France Division of Pulmonology and Allergology Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Lille France Allergy Vigilance Network Vandoeuvre les Nancy France Université Lille 2 CHU Lille EA 2694 - Santé Publique: épidémiologie et qualité des soins Lille France Biostatistics Unit Maison Régionale de la Recherche Clinique CHRU Lille Lille France Department of Allergology Emile Durkheim Hospital Epinal France Centre d’Epidémiologie sur les Causes Médicales de Décès INSERM CHU de Bicêtre Le Kremlin-Bicêtre France The Allergy Vigilance Network University Hospital Nancy Nancy France Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy Department Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre CHU Lille Lille France Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Institute for Social Medicine Epidemiology and Health Economics Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Institute of Social Medicine Epidemiology and Health Economics Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Dermatology and Allergology Comprehensive Allergy Center Charité Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Dermatology and Allergy Allergie-Centrum-Charité Charité-Universiätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany Department of Dermatology and Allergology Comprehensive Allergy Center Charité Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland Allergy Unit Department of Dermatology University Hospital Basel Switzerland Universitätsklinikum Salzburg Salzburg Austria Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis (ORCA) Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark Serviço de ImunoalergologiaCentro Hospitalar de São João E.P.E. Porto Portugal GRIAC Research Institute University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands Serviço de Imunoalergologia Centr

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Extraction and Characterization of Starch Fractions of Five Phenotypes <i>Pachyrhizus tuberosus</i>(Lam.) Spreng

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food and Nutrition sciences 2014年第19期5卷 1875-1885页

作者： José Luis Ramírez Ascheri Luz Haydee Bravo Zamudio Carlos Wanderlei Piler Carvalho Arturo Melendez Arevalo Lais Martins Fontoura Rheology Laboratory Embrapa Food Technology Avenida das Américas Rio de Janeiro Brazil Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Faculty Brazilian University Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro Brasilia Brazil Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro Seropédica Brazil

Pachyrhizus tuberosus is a native plant of short life cycle found in South America riverside, which provides easy starch extraction from its tuberous roots. The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical, rheological and functionality of the starch granules extracted from the roots of five phenotypes identified as V2, V3, V4, V6 and V7. Protein and ash content of all phenotypes were considerable high when compared to other root sources such as cassava varying from 4.35% to 7.43% and 1.58% to 2.49%, respectively, whereas lipid content was lower, between 0.29 and 0.49%. The starch granules were mostly circular and polygonal with varied sizes. The starch granules structural conformation showed cristallinity A type, normally for cereals. The maximum pasting viscosity at 95℃ ranged from 1644 cP (V7) to 2232 cP (V2). The initial temperature of pasting formation occurred at 69.4℃ for V2, 71.5℃ for V3, 87.9℃ for V4, 69.5℃ for V6 and 71.5℃ for V7. These values showed high variability within the phenotypes and generally high for roots and tubers starches. The maximum viscosity at 95℃ for V2, V3, V4, V6 and V7 were 2232, 2150, 1995, 2214 and 1644 cP, respectively. The viscosity curves showed low tendency to retrogradation. The thermal properties showed that the enthalpy of gelatinization varied from 8.91 J/g (V3) to 11.78 J/g (V2). The initial gelatinization temperature varied from 63.19℃ (V6) to 65.14℃ (V4). The swelling power at 90℃ ranged from 14.7% to 20.1% p/p and solubility from 10.3% (V2) to 27.2% (V7). It is concluded that Pachyrhizus tuberosus starch showed low retrogradation (1320 - 1560 cP) comparable to non-common native waxy starches, a feature which indicates the capability of using this natural and easy extraction starch source as gelling agent in certain manufactured food of undesirable retrogradation.

关键词： Pachyrhizus tuberosus Physicochemical Rheological Starch Properties

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Heterojunction between Al2O3 and SnO2 Thin films for application in transparent FET

Heterojunction between Al2O3 and SnO2 Thin films for applica...

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作者： Boratto, Miguel Henrique De Andrade Scalvi, Luis Vicente Maciel, Jorge Luiz Barbosa Saeki, Margarida Juri Floriano, Emerson Aparecido Physics Department FC São Paulo State University - UNESP Bauru SP Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science and Technology São Paulo State University - UNESP Bauru SP Brazil Eurípides Soares da Rocha University - UNIVEM Marília SP Brazil Chemistry and Biochemistry Department IBB São Paulo State University - UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil

Alternative materials for use in electronic devices have grown interest in the past recent years. In this paper, the heterojunction SnO2/Al2O3 is tested concerning its use as a transparent insulating layer for use in FETs. The alumina layer is obtained by thermal annealing of metallic Al layer, deposited by resistive evaporation technique. Combination of undoped SnO2, deposited by sol-gel-dip-coating technique, and Al thermally annealed in O2-rich atmosphere, leads to fair insulation when the number of aluminum oxide layers is 4, with 0.3% of the current lost through the gate terminal as leakage current. This insulation is not obtained for devices with alumina layer treated for long time, under room atmosphere, due to degradation of the insulating film and interfusion with the conduction channel even using Sb-doped SnO2. The annealing of Al deposited on soda-lime glass substrate leads also to the formation of a Si layer, crystallized at Substrate/Al2O3 interface. The conclusion is that for an efficient insulation the thermal annealing must be short and then, O2-rich atmospheres are preferred.

关键词： Aluminum oxide

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Fungal diversity notes 253-366:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

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Fungal Diversity 2016年第3期78卷 1-237页

作者： Guo Jie Li Kevin D.Hyde Rui Lin Zhao Sinang Hongsanan Faten Awad Abdel-Aziz Mohamed A.Abdel-Wahab Pablo Alvarado Genivaldo Alves-Silva Joseph F.Ammirati Hiran A.Ariyawansa Abhishek Baghela Ali Hassan Bahkali Michael Beug D.Jayarama Bhat Dimitar Bojantchev Thitiya Boonpratuang Timur S.Bulgakov Erio Camporesi Marcela CBoro Oldriska Ceska Dyutiparna Chakraborty Jia Jia Chen K.W.Thilini Chethana Putarak Chomnunti Giovanni Consiglio Bao Kai Cui Dong Qin Dai Yu Cheng Dai Dinushani A.Daranagama Kanad Das Monika C.Dayarathne Eske De Crop Rafael J.V.De Oliveira Carlos Alberto Fragoso de Souza JoséIde Souza Bryn T.M.Dentinger Asha J.Dissanayake Mingkwan Doilom E.Ricardo Drechsler-Santos Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad Sean P.Gilmore Aristóteles Góes-Neto MichałGorczak Charles H.Haitjema Kalani Kanchana Hapuarachchi Akira Hashimoto Mao Qiang He John K.Henske Kazuyuki Hirayama Maria J.Iribarren Subashini C.Jayasiri Ruvishika S.Jayawardena Sun Jeong Jeon Gustavo H.Jerônimo Ana L.Jesus E.B.Gareth Jones Ji Chuan Kang Samantha C.Karunarathna Paul M.Kirk Sirinapa Konta Eric Kuhnert Ewald Langer Haeng Sub Lee Hyang Burm Lee Wen Jing Li Xing Hong Li Kare Liimatainen Diogo Xavier Lima Chuan Gen Lin Jian Kui Liu Xings Zhong Liu Zuo Yi Liu J.Jennifer Luangsa-ard Robert Lücking H.Thorsten Lumbsch Saisamorn Lumyong Eduardo M.Leaño Agostina V.Marano Misato Matsumura Eric H.C.McKenzie Suchada Mongkolsamrit Peter E.Mortimer Thi Thuong Thuong Nguyen Tuula Niskanen Chada Norphanphoun Michelle A.O’Malley Sittiporn Parnmen Julia Pawłowska Rekhani H.Perera Rungtiwa Phookamsak Chayanard Phukhamsakda Carmen L.A.Pires-Zottarelli Olivier Raspé Mateus A.Reck Sarah C.O.Rocha AndréL.C.M.Ade Santiago Indunil C.Senanayake Ledo Setti Qiu Ju Shang Sanjay K.Singh Esteban B.Sir Kevin V.Solomon Jie Song Prasert Srikitikulchai Marc Stadler Satinee Suetrong Hayato Takahashi Takumasa Takahashi Kazuaki Tanaka Li Ping Tang Kasun M.Thambugala Donnaya Thanakitpipattana Michael K.Theodorou Benjarong Thongbai Tuksaporn Thummarukcharoen Qing Tian Saowaluck Tibpromma Annemieke State Key Laboratory of Mycology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesNo 31st West Beichen RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research and School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunming 650201YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Botany and Microbiology College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box:2455Riyadh 1145Saudi Arabia Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of ScienceSohag UniversitySohag 82524Egypt ALVALAB C/La Rochela nº47E-39012 SantanderSpain Micolab Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de FungosAlgas e PlantasDepartamento de BotânicaUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaCampus Universitário TrindadeCEP:88040-900 FlorianópolisSanta CatarinaBrazil Department of Biology University of WashingtonBox 351800SeattleWA 98195-1800USA Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuiyang 550006GuizhouPeople’s Republic of China National Fungal Culture Collection of India(NFCCI) Biodiversity and Palaeobiology GroupMACS’Agharkar Research InstituteG.G.Agarkar RoadPune 411004India PO Box 116 HusumWA 98623-0116USA Formerly Department of BotanyGoa UniversityGoaIndia No.128/1-J Azad Housing SocietyCurcaP.O.Goa Velha 403108India *** 345 Shipwatch LaneHerculesCA 94547USA Microbe Interaction Laboratory(BMIT) BIOTECNational Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)113 Thailand Science ParkThanon PhahonyothinTombon Khlong NuengAmphoeKhlong LuangPathum Thani 12120Thailand Academy of Biology and Biotechnology Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-Don 344090Rostov regionRussia A.M.B.Gruppo Micologico Forlivese BAntonio“Cicognani” Via Roma Forlì Italy 18 A.M.B.Circolo Micologico“Giovanni Carini”C.P.314BresciaItaly Societàper gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna C.P.144Bagnacavallo

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including 11 new genera,89 new species,one new subspecies,three new combinations and seven reference *** geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are *** the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora(Testudinaceae),Camporesia(Xylariaceae),Clematidis,Crassiparies(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Farasanispora,Longiostiolum(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),Multilocularia(Parabambusicolaceae),Neophaeocryptopus(Dothideaceae),Parameliola(Pleosporales genera incertae sedis),and Towyspora(Lentitheciaceae)are *** introduced species are Angustospora nilensis,Aniptodera aquibella,Annulohypoxylon albidiscum,Astrocystis thailandica,Camporesia sambuci,Clematidis italica,Colletotrichum menispermi,***,Comoclathris pimpinellae,Crassiparies quadrisporus,Cytospora salicicola,Diatrype thailandica,Dothiorella rhamni,Durotheca macrostroma,Farasanispora avicenniae,Halorosellinia rhizophorae,Humicola koreana,Hypoxylon lilloi,Kirschsteiniothelia tectonae,Lindgomyces okinawaensis,Longiostiolum tectonae,Lophiostoma pseudoarmatisporum,Moelleriella phukhiaoensis,***,Mucoharknessia anthoxanthi,Multilocularia bambusae,Multiseptospora thysanolaenae,Neophaeocryptopus cytisi,Ocellularia arachchigei,***,Ochronectria thailandica,Ophiocordyceps karstii,Parameliola acaciae,***,Parastagonospora cumpignensis,Pseudodidymosphaeria phlei,Polyplosphaeria thailandica,Pseudolachnella brevifusiformis,Psiloglonium macrosporum,Rhabdodiscus albodenticulatus,Rosellinia chiangmaiensis,Saccothecium rubi,Seimatosporium pseudocornii,***,Sigarispora ononidis and Towyspora *** combinations are provided for Eutiarosporella dactylidis(sexual morph described and illus trated)and Pseudocamarosporium ***,illustrations and/or reference specimens are designated for Aposphaeria corallinolutea,Cryptovalsa ampelina,Dothiorella vidmadera,Ophiocordyceps formosana,P

关键词： Ascomycota Basidiomycota Neocallimastigomycota Oomycota.Zygomycota Phylogeny Taxonomy New genus New species

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Analysis of synthetic natural gas injection into charcoal blast furnace

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Journal of Materials Research and technology 2013年第3期2卷 255-262页

作者： Rocha, Elisa Pinto Da Guilherme, Vagner Silva De Castro, José Adilson Sazaki, Yasushi Yagi, Jun-Ichiro Post-Graduation Program in Metallurgical Engineering Universidade Federal Fluminense Volta Redonda RJ Brazil Environmental Metallurgy Laboratory Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Korea Republic of Tohoku University Sendai Japan

Recently, the synthetic natural gas (SNG) has been available for large consumers in the Brazilian domestic market. The SNG is a suitable fuel with potential use to several processes and facilities of the steel industry. This paper investigates the injection of SNG into charcoal blast furnaces as a substitute for granular charcoal charged from the top and pulverized charcoal injections with potential increase of productivity and decrease of specific CO2 emissions. In order to study the effect of replacement of granular charcoal and injection of pulverized charcoal the well known Blast Furnace Five Fluid Model (BF-FFM) is applied to describe detailed phenomena within the process. This model treats the blast furnace as a five-phase reactor, accounting for gas, lump solids (raw iron ore, sinter, pellets and granular charcoal), hot metal, pulverized charcoal, and molten slag. The model is based on conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and chemical species numerically solved based on the finite volume method (FVM). The SNG has high amount of H2 and strongly affects the inner conditions of the reactor and only a comprehensive model with detailed chemical reaction rates can properly predict the inner parameters of the process and hence furnish useful information to design smooth operational conditions. The simulation results obtained in this study indicated that smooth operations using SNG up to 25 N m3/t of pig iron could be achieved simultaneously by increasing the productivity up to 58% and with a decrease of 40 kg/thm on the granular charcoal charged. © 2013 Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association.

关键词： Steelmaking

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Feeding mice aged and fresh blackberries powder supplements result in shifts in the gastrointestinal microflora

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food Bioscience 2013年 1卷 66-72页

作者： Park, Si Hong Hanning, Irene Gilbert, William Munro, Michelle Devareddy, Latha Ricke, Steven C. Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR United States Center for Food Safety Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR 72704 United States Department of Food Science and Technology University of Tennessee Knoxville TN United States Department of Food Science University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR United States INEOS Bio Fayetteville AR 72701 1650 Pump Station Road United States

Blackberries contain anthocyanins and phenolic acids derived from anthocyanin fragments that have an important role in the small intestine for retaining gut health. It has been hypothesized that supplementing diets with blackberries may improve gut health through a prebiotic mechanism. Unfortunately identification of gut bacteria is difficult since only 20% of bacterial species can be cultured using current techniques. Therefore, a non-culture based technique was utilized to examine shifts in gut bacteria of mice fed one of five diet treatments: (1) control, (2) aged blackberries supplemented at 5% (w/w), (3) aged blackberries supplemented at 10% (w/w), (4) fresh blackberries supplemented at 5% (w/w), and (5) fresh blackberries supplemented at 10% (w/w). Mice feces were initially collected before supplementing blackberries as a control (0 week) and were collected every 2 weeks for up to 10 weeks. Polymerase chain reaction-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-based DGGE) was performed and further identification of bacteria was conducted by excising and sequencing target bands. Banding patterns were more consistent over time in those groups that had a diet supplemented with 10% aged or fresh blackberries compared to the 2 groups fed a diet supplemented with 5% of fresh or aged blackberries. From the sequencing data, Lactobacillus johnsonii was present in all groups after 2 weeks of sampling. The Aerococcus spp. and Actinomycetes were increased in blackberries treatments as well as Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumonia and Erwinia spp. were present in aged blackberry treatment. These data indicate that supplementing a diet with aged or fresh blackberries causes shifts in the gastrointestinal microflora. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

关键词： Aged blackberry Fresh blackberry Mice Microflora PCR-based DGGE

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