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Lotus seed skin proanthocyanidin extract exhibits potent antioxidant property via activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway

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生物化学与生物物理学报（英文版） 2019年第1期51卷 31-40页

作者： Tao Li Qili Li Weiguo Wu Yong Li De-xing Hou Hua Xu Baodong Zheng Shaoxiao Zeng Yang Shan Xiangyang Lu Fangming Deng Si Qin Core Research Program 1515 Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province College of Food Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China Hunan Agricultural Product Processing Institute Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha 410125 China Core Research Program 1515 Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province College of Food Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University Kagoshima 890-0065Japan Department of Pediatrics Steele Children's Research Center University of Arizona Tucson 85724 USA Department of Food Safety College of Food Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China Core Research Program 1515 Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province College of Food Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha 410128 China The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Kagoshima University Kagoshima 890-0065Japan Department of Pediatrics Steele Children's Research Center University of Arizona Tucson 85724 USA

Lotus seed is well known as traditional food and medicine,but its skin is usually *** studies have shown that lotus seed skin contains a high concentration of proanthocyanidins that have multi-functions,such as antioxidation,anti-inflammation,and anti-cancer *** the present study,we aimed to isolate and purify the proanthocyanidins from lotus seed skin by acetone extraction and rotary evaporation,identify their chemical structures by HPLC-MS-MS and NMR,and further investigate the antioxidant properties of the extract purified by macroporous resin (PMR) from lotus seed skin both in vitro and in *** results showed that PMR mainly contained oligomeric proanthocyanidins,especially dimeric procyanidin B1 (PB1),procyanidin B2 and procyanidin *** it had limited ability to directly scavenge radicals in vitro,PMR could significantly enhance the expressions of antioxidant proteins via activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway in HepG2 *** data revealed that PB1,a major component in PMR,stabilized Nrf2 by inhibiting the ubiquitination of Nrf2,which led to subsequent activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway,including the enhancements of Nrf2 nuclear translocation,Nrf2-ARE binding and ARE transcriptional ***,the in vivo results in high fat diet-induced mice further verified the powerful antioxidant property of *** results revealed that lotus seed skin is a promising resource for functional food development.

关键词： lotus seed skin extract proanthocyanidin Nrf2-ARE pathway antioxidant activity

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Pulmonary Disease Pattern Recognition on X-Ray Radiography Image Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Method 3

Pulmonary Disease Pattern Recognition on X-Ray Radiography I...

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3rd Annual Scientific Meeting on Medical Physics and Biophysics, PIT-FMB in conjunction with the 17th South-East Asia Congress of Medical Physics, SEACOMP 2019

作者： Fitriyah, N. Kurniawati, L.D. Purwanti, E. Astuti, S.D. Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia Biomedical Engineering Study Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia Department of Biomedical Engineering Post-Graduate Program Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Airlangga Surabaya60115 Indonesia

This research aims to recognize the pattern of pulmonary disease on x-ray radiography image using artificial neural network (ANN) method. The images, which were used such as images of healthy pulmonary, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pulmonary tumour. Pattern recognition was using an extraction feature of GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and back propagation method. Before being identified, the images were processed by median filter and adaptive histogram equalization. The GLCM features that used were homogeneity, energy, contrast, variance and correlation. The parameters were learning rate and hidden layer. Learning rate was 0.3 and hidden layer was 25. Back propagation training showed 100% accuracy, which all of 44 images were used had been successfully identified. From the result, the healthy pulmonary showed 60% accuracy, 83.3% for pulmonary tuberculosis and 100% for pulmonary tumor. Hence, the overall result showed 81.25% accuracy, which 13 of 16 images had been successfully identified. From these result, extraction feature of GLCM using back propagation method was capable to recognize the pattern of pulmonary disease. However, due to narrow range of the feature, this application may not be used optimally for comparing features in every category of images. Therefore, the further research is needed to determine the best features and parameters of training back propagation. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Pattern recognition

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Propranolol hydrochloride degradation using La@TiO_(2) functionalized with CMCD

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Journal of Rare Earths 2022年第4期40卷 579-585,I0003页

作者： Gustavo Lopes Colpani Vitor Follmann Santos Rubieli Carla Frezza Zeferino Micheli Zanetti Josiane Maria Muneron de Mello Luciano Luiz Silva Natan Padoin Regina de Fatima Peralta Muniz Moreira Márcio Antônio Fiori Cíntia Soaresc Post-Graduate Program in Technology and Innovation Management Community University of ChapecóRegionChapecó89809-900Brazil Department of Chemical Engineering Community University of ChapecóRegionChapecó89809-900Brazil Laboratory of Materials and Scientific Computing(LabMAC) Department of Chemical and Food EngineeringFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolis88040-900Brazil

Propranolol hydrochloride can be considered a persistent and bioaccumulative pharmaceutical in the *** drug and its by-products are potentially toxic and have adverse effects,since these compounds have been associated with endocrine-disrupting effects,reproductive deficiencies,embryo abnormalities and pericardial ***_(2)–La 0.05%–carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin(CMCD)nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a simple two-step method,which consists of sonification and *** characterization analyses reveal that lanthanum is dispersed on the semiconductor surface,probably forming Ti–O–La bonds,which can induce oxygen vacancies and surface defects that effectively restrain the recombination of photogenerated electron/holes *** efficiency of TiO_(2)–La 0.05%–CMCD samples in degradation of propranolol under UV-light irradiation is higher than that of pristine TiO_(2) within 20 min reaction,probably due to complex formation between theβ-blocker and the oligosaccharide,which allows us to propose a photocatalytic mechanism based on the formation of intermediates and competition of these compounds to the radicals and CMCD cavities.

关键词： TiO_(2) Lanthanum CMCD Propranolol Photocatalysis Functionalization

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Microencapsulated oregano and cinnamon essential oils as a natural alternative to reduce Listeria monocytogenes in Italian salami

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food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1766-1773页

作者： Franciele Maria Gottardo Bárbara Biduski Lára Franco dos Santos Jucilene Sena dos Santos Laura Beatriz Rodrigues Luciana Ruschel dos Santos Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology University of Passo FundoBR 28599052-900Passo FundoRSBrazil Food Quality and Sensory Science Department Teagasc Food Research CentreAshtownDublinD15 KN3KIreland Graduate Program in Bioexperimentation University of Passo FundoBR 28599052-900Passo FundoRSBrazil College of Agronomy and Veterinary Science University of Passo FundoBR 28599052-900Passo FundoRSBrazil

Meat products are classified as perishable foods and have favourable conditions for the multiplication of microorganisms such as Listeria monocytogenes,an important pathogen associated with ready-to-eat *** compounds are used for food preservation combined with encapsulation techniques to improve *** study evaluated the anti-Listeria potential of isolated and combined microencapsulated oregano(OEO)and cinnamon(CEO)essential oils in Italian *** combination ratios of OEO and CEO were tested and 50:50 ratio(OEO:CEO)was encapsulated using sodium *** microcapsules were evaluated for encapsulation efficiency(EE),morphology and action against *** in a meat *** microcapsules and 50/50 combined EO were incorporated into the Italian salami to evaluate the physicochemical,microbiological and sensory *** combinations of EO showed *** inhibition zone and CIM with 1:16 *** microencapsulated EO had 98.36%encapsulation *** 2%microcapsule had a significant reduction of *** from the *** though the panellists mentioned the sandy attribute in the CATA,the salami with EO microcapsules texture did not differ from the *** the essential oils had high encapsulation efficiency,the smell and flavour of cinnamon and oregano interfered negatively with the sensory ***,the encapsulation of the combined essential oils(50/50)significantly reduced *** in Italian salami.

关键词： Natural antimicrobial Sodium alginate Ready-to-eat Encapsulation

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Bioactivity, Efficacy, and Safety of a Wound Healing Ointment With Medicinal Plant Bioactives: In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Evaluations

Scientific World Journal

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Scientific World Journal 2025年第1期2025卷 9466270页

作者： Floriano, Juliana Ferreira Rodrigues, Daniel Ohara, Rie Almeida, Nara Lígia Martins Lara, Vanessa Soares Sartorelli, Patricia Graeff, Carlos Frederico de Oliveira Grecco, Simone dos Santos González, Alejandra Hortencia Miranda D’Alpino, Paulo Henrique Perlatti Imperial College London National Heart and Lung Institute imperial.ac.uk GBR London United Kingdom Botucatu Medical School São Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo unesp.br BRA Botucatu Brazil Bioengineering and Biomaterials Group School of Pharmaceutical Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) unesp.br BRA Araraquara São Paulo Brazil Biotechnology and Innovation in Health Program Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo (UNIAN) São Paulo BRA Brazil Brazil Department of Health Management Fundação Nacional de Gestão de Saúde São Paulo Brazil Undergraduate Program Medical School Universidade Nove de Julho Bauru São Paulo Brazil Department of Surgery Stomatology Pathology and Radiology Bauru School of Dentistry University of São Paulo (USP) São Paulo usp.br BRA Bauru Brazil Department of Chemistry Institute of Environmental Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of São Paulo São Paulo unifesp.br BRA Diadema Brazil Department of Physics School of Sciences POSMAT-Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo Bauru Brazil Department of Research and Development (RD) and Innovation Center Triplet Biotechnology Solutions Inc Bauru São Paulo Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry Uniderp Anhanguera University Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Integrated Dental Sciences University of Cuiabá (UNIC) Mato Grosso do Sul Cuiabá Brazil Department of Physics School of Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo unesp.br BRA Bauru Brazil

Chronic wounds have a significant impact on patients’ quality of life, necessitating the management of pain, infection, bleeding, and emotional challenges. Debridement, which involves the removal of nonviable tissue, is crucial for promoting wound healing. In addition to surgical methods, cost-effective alternatives such as local solutions and ointments with biological properties have been explored. The use of natural compounds with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and collagen-synthesizing abilities holds promise for wound healing. This in vitro and in vivo preclinical study aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of a wound healing ointment containing bioactive ingredients derived from medicinal plants (extracts, essential oils, and vegetable oils). The chemical composition of the ointment was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to gain insights into its synergistic action. Preclinical tests were conducted following standardized protocols. FTIR analysis revealed similarities between the product’s spectrum and that of bioactive compounds. The in vitro tests demonstrated that all formulations of the ointment induced no cell death, DNA damage, or acute toxicity in cell cultures (p < 0.05). No lethal dose was observed, indicating the safety of the ointment at all concentrations. The ointment also stimulated a notably more organized, significantly higher collagen production compared to control groups (p < 0.05). In vivo preclinical analyses also demonstrated no adverse responses being effective in the healing process compared to the control group (silver sulfadiazine) in terms of wound contraction and ulcer re-epithelization (p < 0.05). Significantly higher means of wound contraction were observed in the groups treated with the bioactive-containing ointment when compared to both the positive control group (sulfadiazine) and the control untreated groups (p < 0.05). The regenerative ointment exhibited excellent biocompatibility and bi

关键词： biocompatibility chronic wounds natural compounds preclinical tests wound care

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Decision Support Systems Selection of Soang Superior Brood Using Weighted Product (WP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) Method 4

Decision Support Systems Selection of Soang Superior Brood U...

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4th International Conference on Energy, Environment, Epidemiology and Information System, ICENIS 2019

作者： Ramadiani Kurniawan, Reynaldi Kridalaksana, Awang Harsa Jundillah, Muhammad Labib Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Mulawarman University Samarinda Indonesia Magister Program of Information System School of Post Graduate Studies Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Gurame Soang Latin name Osphronomus Labirynthici gouramy including fish, that as the fish have gills and breathing apparatus in the form of additional gills (Labyrinth). One important factor in fish farming Soang Gurame is holding elections. Superior brood has characteristics identical, to distinguish it needs to experience since it is quite difficult. Some of the assessment factors in selecting a superior brood that could be considered in the cultivation of the fish farmers Gurame Soang as ideal weight, physical disability, movement of fish, the shape of the head, and the body color. All of these factors combined to get an assessment that could help the decision making process fish Gurame Soang superior sires. This study used two methods that have selected the calculation accuracy of the decision-making process. The method used is the Weighted Product and Simple Additive weighting. The results of the research that has been done, it can be concluded the total number of alternative Gurame Soang superior sires data as many as 10 fish, and obtained the results of testing the level of accuracy by using the results of data from a breeder Gurame Soang superior sires, Method of Weighted Product got an accuracy of 80% and methods Simple Additive weighting got an accuracy of 60%. © The Authors, published by EDP sciences, 2019.

关键词： Fish

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Elucidation of fruit cracking mechanism in bael [Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa.] using physico-biochemical and de novo transcriptomic approaches

Plant Stress

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Plant Stress 2025年 16卷

作者： Prasad, Vasanth Vinayak Vara Patel, V.B. Dhakar, M.K. Das, Bikash Bishi, Sujit Kumar Bhadana, V.P. Mishra, G.P. Mhetre, Vishal Singh, S.K. Nath, Vishal Asrey, Ram Pandey, Devendra ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute Barhi Jharkhand Hazaribagh 825405 India The Graduate School Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110012 India Division of Fruits & Horticultural Technology Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110012 India Division of Horticultural Science Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan - II ICAR New Delhi 110012 India ICAR- Research Complex for Eastern Region Farming System Research Centre for Hill and Plateau Region Plandu Jharkhand Ranchi 834010 India ICAR- National Research Centre on Litchi Bihar Muzaffarpur 842 002 India ICAR- Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology (IIAB) Jharkhand Ranchi 834003 India Division of Seed Science and Technology ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110012 India Defence Institute of High Altitude Research Leh Ladakh 194101 India Division of Food Science & Post Harvest Technology Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110012 India ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture Rehmankhera Lucknow 226101 India

Fruit cracking in Bael [Aegle marmelos (L) Correa.] is a major physiological disorder which is influenced by factors like water stress, nutrient deficiency, and environmental conditions. This study aimed to identify key biochemical constituents, genes, and pathways affecting fruit cracking using physical, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses. Bael genotypes were categorized into three groups based on cracking incidence as tolerant (0 % cracking), moderately tolerant (>0–30 % cracking), and susceptible (>30 % cracking). Three genotypes from each category were selected for further analysis. Biochemical profiling revealed that total flavonoids, antioxidants, vanillic acid and soluble carbohydrates were predominant in the cracking-susceptible genotypes, while calcium and boron levels were significantly lower in these genotypes. Transcriptomic analysis using susceptible (Pant Aparna) and tolerant genotypes (ICAR-RCER 8–5) identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cell wall and polysaccharide metabolism, phenolics and flavonoid biosynthesis, plant hormone biosynthesis and signaling, nutrient transport. Interestingly, aquaporin-encoding genes were found significantly upregulated in the cracking stage, while genes involved in MAPK signaling showed higher expression in the susceptible genotype. These transcriptomic changes were corroborated by biochemical findings, reinforcing their role in bael fruit cracking susceptibility. The insights gained from this study provide a foundation for developing cracking-tolerant bael cultivars and formulating management strategies to mitigate fruit cracking in bael. © 2025

关键词： Boron Calcium Fruit cracking Transcriptome U-HPLC and DEGs

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Edible coating from VCO, iota-carrageenan and alginate blends for pindang fish preservation

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Green Materials 2023年第1期13卷 3-16页

作者： Iswahyuni, Hana Suyatma, Nugraha Edhi Wulandari, Nur Irianto, Hari Eko Dewi, Fera Roswita Nurhayati Sinurat, Ellya Nurbayasari, Rodiah Giyatmi Fransiska, Dina Analyst Ministry for Marine Affairs and Fisheries IPB University Bogor Indonesia Master of Food Technology Study Program Graduate School IPB University Bogor Indonesia Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology IPB University Bogor Indonesia Research Center for Marine and Land Bioindustry National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Lombok Indonesia Food Technology Study Program Faculty of Food Technology and Health Sahid University Jakarta Indonesia Research Center for Applied Microbiology National Research and Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Cibinong Indonesia

This study aims to develop an edible coating based on virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion, iota-carrageenan and alginate to prolong the shelf life of pindang (mildly salted cooked) fish products. The research involved three stages: material preparation, characterization and determination of factors and responses for experimental design;parameter optimization to achieve optimal conditions;and application and analysis of pre- and post-coating characteristics of pindang fish. The parameter ranges were 0.5–1.5% for alginate concentration, 0.5–1.5% for iota-carrageenan concentration and 0.5–1.0% for VCO nanoemulsion concentration. The result of this study was an optimized food coating solution that was clear and bright white in color. Pindang fish coated with this layer showed improved quality in terms of water content (48.46%), weight loss (0.39%), pH (5.84), total volatile base (47.01%), salt content (2.9%), appearance (7), texture (7) and slime (7). At the same time, the total bacterial count remained unchanged (8 log colony-forming units (CFU)/g), the mold count remained unchanged (5 log CFU/g) and the aroma and taste received a score of 6. Thus, this study successfully produced an optimized edible coating that can enhance the quality and extend the shelf life of pindang fish, making it suitable for broader market distribution. © 2023 ICE Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fish

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Application of construction and demolition waste (gypsum and mortar) for the removal of metal ions, Pb 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Ni 2+

Cleaner Chemical Engineering

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Cleaner Chemical Engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Jefferson Luiz Alves Marinho Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha Raimundo Nonato Pereira Teixeira Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho Jorge Marcell Coelho Menezes Francisco José de Paula Filho Lucia Raquel de Lima Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira Tintino Hyan Thompson Oliveira Lopes Paulo Ives Pereira de Alcântara Post-Graduate Program in Biological Chemistry - PPQB at the Regional University of Cariri - URCA Crato Ceará Brazil Science and Technology Center at the Federal University of Cariri - UFCA Juazeiro do Norte Ceará Brazil Pharmacotoxicological Prospection of Bioactive Products Laboratory - UFPE Recife Pernambuco Brazil Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory - URCA Crato Ceará Brazil

The intensification of human activities, consumption, production, and exploitation of raw materials, coupled with rapid population growth and industrial activity development, has led to significant environmental impacts. As civilization progresses, the level of environmental pollution with toxic metals has also intensified. The ability to quickly detect heavy metal pollution in wastewater and find its source is critical for environmental monitoring and protection. In the search for cheaper and more economical materials to be used as precipitants, civil construction waste has been used for this application. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the utilization of construction and demolition waste (gypsum and cementitious mortar) in the retention of Copper, Lead, and Nickel metal ions. The assessment of the removal capacity of these metal ions using gypsum powder and cementitious mortar was conducted through chemical precipitation using batch experiments. The results obtained for Pb 2+ ions showed that increasing the mass of gypsum from 10 to 100 g resulted in precipitation rates ranging from 97.29 to 98.31 %. Gypsum also proved to be a viable alternative for Cu 2+ precipitation with rates of 92.99 to 96.65 %, while the most significant retention rate for Ni 2+ was observed for the mass of 100 g, reaching 94.63 %. In experiments using different types of cementitious mortar (ACI, ACII, ACIII, and common) as precipitants in a solution contaminated with copper at a constant concentration of 600 mg/L, it was found that the precipitation rates were practically the same, with ACIII mortar showing the highest percentage of precipitation. Therefore, the results obtained demonstrated that construction and demolition waste by-products rich in gypsum and cementitious mortar are efficient in removing toxic metals, representing promising alternatives for wastewater decontamination.

关键词： Toxic metals Chemical precipitation Construction and demolition waste Metal removal Geomaterials

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The caatinga dry tropical forest: A highly efficient carbon sink in South America

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Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2025年 369卷

作者： Mendes, Keila R. Oliveira, Pablo E.S. Lima, José Romualdo S. Moura, Magna S.B. Souza, Eduardo S. Perez-Marin, Aldrin M. Cunha, John Elton B.L. Mutti, Pedro R. Costa, Gabriel B. de Sá, Thales N. Martins Araujo, Paula A.A. Ferreira, Rosaria R. Marques, Thiago V. Rodrigues, Daniele T. Campos, Suany Melo, Mariana M.L.V. Silva, Israel V.H. Morais, Leonardo F. Nascimento, Fábio S. Silva, Iara B. Xavier, Gustavo S. Silva, Any Caroline N. Oliveira, Ane Caroline C.F. Reis, Jean S. Silva, Daniel F. Medeiros, Erika V. Oliveira, Cássio L. Lopes, Márcio Henrique L. Alves, Maria Fernanda A.T. Alves, Edevaldo M. Santos, Carlos A.C. dos Silva, Bruce K.N. Pereira, Waldeir S. Bezerra, Alan C. Silva, José Raliuson I. Oresca, Denizard Souza, Rodolfo M.S. Nóbrega, Rodolfo L.B. Silva, Thieres G.F. Souza, Luciana S.B. Galvincio, Josicleda D. von Randow, Celso Verhoef, Anne Bezerra, Bergson G. Silva, Cláudio M. Santos e Antonino, Antonio C.D. Menezes, Rômulo S.C. Climate Sciences Post-graduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Department of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Federal University of the Agreste of Pernambuco Graduate Program in Agricultural Production Pernambuco Garanhuns Brazil Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) Embrapa Semi-arid Petrolina Pernambuco Brazil Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry Ceara Fortaleza Brazil Academic Unit of Serra Talhada Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Pernambuco Serra Talhada Brazil National Institute of Semi-arid Desertification and agroecology research group Paraíba Campina Grande Brazil Federal University of Campina Grande Centre for the Sustainable Development of the Semi - Arid Paraíba Campina Grande Brazil Biosciences Post-Graduate Program (PPGBIO) Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) Pará Santarém Brazil Postgraduate Program in Natural Resources of the Amazon - PPGRNA- Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) Pará Santarém Brazil Postgraduate Program in Forest Science Technology and Innovation - PPGCTIF- Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) Pará Santarém Brazil Biotechnology and Biodiversity–Bionorte Network (REDE BIONORTE) Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) Pará Santarém Brazil Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) Program Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere in the Amazon (LBA) Amazonas Manaus Brazil Department of Statistic Federal University of Piauí PI Teresina 64049-550 Brazil SENAI Institute of Innovation - Renewable Energies Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil Federal University of Pernambuco PE Caruaru Brazil Federal University of Campina Grande Academic Unit of Atmospheric Sciences Paraíba Campina Grande Brazil Texas Transportation Institute Bryan TX United States University of Bristol School of Geographical Sciences University Rd Bristol

Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs) may act as considerable carbon sinks, regulating the atmospheric and terrestrial carbon storage and fluxes with implications for local, regional and global climates. In the Caatinga, an endemic Brazilian SDTF, the research on the magnitude of the CO₂ sink is still incipient. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of observed CO₂ fluxes using the Eddy Covariance technique across the Caatinga, quantifying and assessing the seasonal and interannual variations in CO₂ exchange under contrasting soil and climatic conditions. In our study we estimated whether the Caatinga functioned as a net source or sink of carbon at five sites during years with varying rates of rainfall. Results showed that the dynamics of CO₂ flux components varied based on the spatio-temporal distribution and magnitude of rainfall and the corresponding variations in vegetation cover. Average annual accumulated Gross Primary Productivity ranged from 1167 g C m⁻² in the Crystalline area to 2018 g C m⁻² in the Agreste ecotone. Average annual Net Ecosystem Exchange was -775 g C m⁻² (-7.7 t C ha⁻¹). The Caatinga exhibited higher carbon use efficiency (CUE) compared to other dry forests in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide and to South American ecosystems, including the Amazon, as documented by FLUXNET2015 eddy covariance datasets. CUE values ranged from 0.31 in the Crystalline area to 0.58 in the Agreste ecotone. These findings provide robust, measurement-based evidence that the Caatinga is a highly efficient carbon sink, substantially contributing to atmospheric CO₂ absorption and mitigating the growth rate of atmospheric CO₂ concentration. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Ecosystem respiration Eddy covariance FLUXNET Gross primary productivity Partitioning of CO2 fluxes Turbulent CO2 flux

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