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Contributors to the Lab on a Chip cell and tissue engineering in microsystems special issue

Lab on a Chip 2007年第6期7卷 667-671页

作者： Bhatia, Sangeeta N. Chen, Christoper Bashir, Rashid Beebe, David J. Desai, Tejal Gottwald, Eric Khademhosseini, Ali Langer, Robert S. Piel, Matthieu Takayama, Shuichi Thorsen, Todd Tien, Joe Voldman, Joel Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana Wu, Mingming Yu, Hanry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science United States Laboratory for Multiscale Regenerative Technologies United States Department of Innovation University of Pennsylvania Department of Bioengineering United States Cell Biology and Physiology Program Cell Growth and Cancer Program Tissue Microfabrication Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering Purdue University United States Department of Electronics University of Glasgow United Kingdom Department of Physiology and Bioengineering University of California San Francisco CA United States California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research UCSF/UC Berkeley Graduate Group in Bioengineering United States Laboratory of Therapeutic Micro and Nanotechnology Institute for Biological Interfaces Germany 3D-Cell Culture Techniques Group Institute for Biological Interfaces Germany Department of Medicine and Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) United States Institut Curie UMR 144 IC/CNRS France Biomedical Engineering Department University of Michigan United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program United States Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering School of Chemical and Molecular Engineering Cornell University United States National University of Singapore Singapore Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology A STAR Singapore

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Software risk management:: a process model and a tool

Software risk management:: a process model and a tool

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IFIP Working Conference on Software Engineering Techniques

作者： Kirner, Teren G. Goncalves, Lourdes E. Graduate Program in Computer Science Methodist University of Piracicaba SP Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0387393870

This paper is concerned with the risks associated with the software development process. A model (GRisk-Modeo is proposed for the management of such risks and a software tool (GRisk-Tool), developed to support the model, is described. Both the method and the tool were created with the participation of senior managers and software engineers of software factories. The model and the tool serve as effective instruments for achieving the continuous improvement of software processes and products.

关键词： Risk management

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An integrated model of top-down and bottom-up attention for optimizing detection speed

An integrated model of top-down and bottom-up attention for ...

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2006 IEEE computer Society Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2006

作者： Navalpakkam, Vidhya Itti, Laurent Dept. of Computer Science Neuroscience Graduate Program University of Southern California

ISBN: (纸本)0769525970

Integration of goal-driven, top-down attention and image-driven, bottom-up attention is crucial for visual search. Yet, previous research has mostly focused on models that are purely top-down or bottom-up. Here, we propose a new model that combines both. The bottom-up component computes the visual salience of scene locations in different feature maps extracted at multiple spatial scales. The top-down component uses accumulated statistical knowledge of the visual features of the desired search target and background clutter, to optimally tune the bottom-up maps such that target detection speed is maximized. Testing on 750 artificial and natural scenes shows that the model's predictions are consistent with a large body of available literature on human psychophysics of visual search. These results suggest that our model may provide good approximation of how humans combine bottom-up and top-down cues such as to optimize target detection speed. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Search engines

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Decision Fusion of Circulating Markers for Breast Cancer Detection in Premenopausal Women

Decision Fusion of Circulating Markers for Breast Cancer Det...

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IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE)

作者： Jonathan L. Jesneck Sayan Mukherjee Loren W. Nolte Anna E. Lokshin Jeffrey R. Marks Joseph Lo Duke Advanced Imaging Labs Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Department of Computer Science Duke University USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USA Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh PA USA Division of Hematology/Oncology University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Pittsburgh PA Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Department of Experimental Surgery Medical Center Duke University USA Department of Experimental Surgery Duke University Medical Center Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke University Durham NC USA

Current mammographic screening for breast cancer is less effective for younger women. To complement mammography for premenopausal women, we investigated the feasibility screening test using 98 blood serum proteins. Because the data set was very noisy and contained only weak features, we used a classifier designed for noisy data: decision fusion. Decision fusion outperformed both a support vector machine (SVM) and linear regression with forward stepwise feature selection on all three two-class classification tasks: normal tissue vs. cancer, normal tissue vs. benign lesions, and benign lesions vs. cancer. Decision fusion detected cancer moderately well (AUC=0.84 on normal vs. cancer), demonstrating promise as a screening tool. Decision fusion also detected benign lesions similarly well (AUC=0.83 on normal vs. benign lesions) and was the only classifier to achieve any success in separating benign from malignant lesions (AUC=0.64 on benign vs. cancer). The classification results suggest that the assayed proteins are more indicative of a secondary effect, such as immune response, rather than specific for breast cancer. In conclusion, the decision fusion classifier demonstrated some promise in detecting breast lesions and outperformed other classifiers, especially for the very noisy classification problem of distinguishing benign from malignant lesions.

关键词： Breast cancer Cancer detection Lesions Proteins Support vector machines Support vector machine classification Mammography Testing Blood Linear regression

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Order-computable sets

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Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 2007年第3期48卷 317-347页

作者： Hirschfeldt, Denis Miller, Russell Podzorov, Sergei Department of Mathematics University of Chicago Chicago IL 60637 5734 S University Ave United States Department of Mathematics Queens College-CUNY Flushing NY 11367 65-30 Kissena Blvd United States Ph.D. Program in Computer Science Graduate Center of CUNY New York NY 10016 365 Fifth Avenue United States Department of Mechanics and Mathematics Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk 630090 Pirogova St 2 Russian Federation

We give a straightforward computable-model-theoretic definition of a property of Δ02 sets called order-computability. We then prove various results about these sets which suggest that, simple though the definition is... 详细信息

We give a straightforward computable-model-theoretic definition of a property of Δ⁰₂ sets called order-computability. We then prove various results about these sets which suggest that, simple though the definition is, the property defies any easy characterization in pure computability theory. The most striking example is the construction of two computably isomorphic ce. sets, one of which is order-computable and the other not. © 2007 University of Notre Dame.

关键词： Computable model theory Limitwise-monotonic functions Order-computability

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Carbon nanostructure field emission devices

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Journal of Vacuum science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 2006年第2期24卷 1008-1012页

作者： Wong, Y.M. Kang, W.P. Davidson, J.L. Soh, K.L. Choi, B.K. Hofmeister, W. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Material Science Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 Department of Chemical Engineering Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235

The microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method is capable of synthesizing various forms of carbon allotropes such as diamond, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and diamondlike carbon (DLC) while varying the growth parameters or utilizing substrate coated with catalytic thin film. In this article, needlelike carbon nanostructures (CNs) were synthesized utilizing high power (5 kW) and high working pressure (120 Torr) MPCVD on a thin catalytic film of nickel with a diffusion barrier layer of titanium on a micropatterned silicon substrate. The effects of in situ doping by trimethylboron (TMB) on the morphologies and field emission properties of the CNs were also investigated. Straight, needlelike CNs with random orientation were obtained for 15 min growth time with or without TMB doping. However, the CNs appear to transform into diamondlike nanocrystals after prolonged growth of 30 min with TMB doping. Unlike MPCVD grown CNTs, it was found that the CNs have strong adhesion to the substrate and could withstand postgrowth processing such as ultrasonic agitation cleaning in solvents. Field emission tests performed show that in situ TMB doping of the patterned needlelike CNs lowers the turn-on field of the cathode. A vacuum field emission triode with self-aligned gate utilizing CNs as the field emitter is also fabricated. © 2006 American Vacuum Society.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes

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Genetic programming with incremental learning for grammatical inference

Genetic programming with incremental learning for grammatica...

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6th International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems and 4th Conference on Neuro-Computing and Evolving Intelligence, HIS-NCEI 2006

作者： Rodrigues, Ernesto Lopes, Heitor Silvério Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Federal University of Technology - Paraná Av. 7 de setembro 3165 80230-901 Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0769526624

We present an evolutionary algorithm for the inference of context-free grammars from positive and negative examples. The algorithm is based on genetic programming and uses a local optimization operator that is capable of improving the learning task. Ordinary genetic operators are modified so as to bias the search. The system was evaluated using Tomita 's language examples and results were compared with another similar approach. Results show that the proposed approach is promising and more robust than the other one. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Context free grammars

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Waters network's potential to transform environmental engineering education

Waters network's potential to transform environmental engine...

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114th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2007

作者： Eschenbach, Elizabeth Montgomery, Jami Johnson, James Brus, Chris Carlson, Patricia Giammar, Dan Grauer, Bette Hotaling, Liesl Oguntimein, Gbekeloluwa Safferman, Steven Wentling, Tim Humboldt State University United States Department of Environmental Resources Engineering Humboldt State University United States WATERS Network - CLEANER Project Office Network Howard University United States Department of Environmental Engineering College of Engineering Architecture and Computer Sciences Howard University United States American Academy of Environmental Engineers United States University of Iowa United States Program University of Iowa United States Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology United States Department of Rhetoric Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology United States National Research Council U. S. Air Force United States NASA's Classroom of the Future Wheeling WV United States Washington University United States Department of Energy Environmental and Chemical Engineering Washington University St. Louis United States Environmental Studies Program Center for Materials Innovation United States McPherson High School United States McPherson High School McPherson KS United States Stevens Institute of Technology United States Stevens Institute of Technology United States Morgan State University United States Michigan State University United States Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Michigan State University United States University of Dayton United States Education Planning Committee National Center for Supercomputing Applications United States Department of Information Science Graduate School of Library and Information Science National Center for Supercomputing Applications University or Illinois United States Knowledge and Learning Systems Group NCSA United States

The WATERS Network (WATer and Environmental Research Systems Network) will be an integrated real-time distributed observing system which will enable academic and government scientists, engineers, educators, and practitioners to advance effective management of our nation's water resources by understanding human interactions with water and the natural and built environment. WATERS will provide easily accessible real time environmental data as well as analysis tools to engineers, scientists, educators, K- graduate students and policymakers so they can better understand how water quantity, quality and related components of the hydrologic cycle are impacted by natural and human influences. The WATERS strategic plan will be completed by July 2007 and requires constituent input. This paper describes the draft Conceptual Design and the Education Plan of WATERS Network. This paper will highlight the potential impact of WATERS on undergraduate and graduate environmental engineering education in order to elicit input from the environmental engineering education community on how WATERS Network could better meet the future needs of undergraduate and graduate students and educators. More information can be found at ***. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2007.

关键词： Water resources

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Learning to parse bilingual sentences using bilingual corpus and monolingual CFG

Learning to parse bilingual sentences using bilingual corpus...

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18th Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing, ROCLING 2006

作者： Huang, Chung-Chi Chang, Jason S. Dept. of Information Systems and Application Taiwan International Graduate Program National Tsing Hua University Hsin Chu Taiwan Taiwan International Graduate Program Academia Sinica Nankang Taiwan Dept. of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Hsin Chu Taiwan

We present a new method for learning to parse a bilingual sentence using Inversion Transduction Grammar trained on a parallel corpus and a monolingual treebank. The method produces a parse tree for a bilingual sentence, showing the shared syntactic structures of individual sentence and the differences of word order within a syntactic structure. The method involves estimating lexical translation probability based on a word-aligning strategy and inferring probabilities for CFG rules. At runtime, a bottom-up CYK-styled parser is employed to construct the most probable bilingual parse tree for any given sentence pair. We also describe an implementation of the proposed method. The experimental results indicate the proposed model produces word alignments better than those produced by Giza++, a state-of-the-art word alignment system, in terms of alignment error rate and F-measure. The bilingual parse trees produced for the parallel corpus can be exploited to extract bilingual phrases and train a decoder for statistical machine translation.

关键词： Forestry

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GA optimization of OBF TS fuzzy models with linear and non linear local models

GA optimization of OBF TS fuzzy models with linear and non l...

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9th Brazilian Symposium on Neural Networks, SBRN'06

作者： Medeiros, Anderson V. Amaral, Wagner C. Campello, Ricardo J. G. B. State University of Campinas School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Campinas SP 13083-970 Brazil Catholic University of Santos Graduate Program in Computer Science Santos SP 11070-906 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)0769526802

OBF (Orthonormal Basis Function) Fuzzy models have shown to be a promising approach to the areas of nonlinear system identification and control since they exhibit several advantages over those dynamic model topologies usually adopted in the literature. Although encouraging application results have been obtained, no automatic procedure had yet been developed to optimize the design parameters of these models. This paper elaborates on the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) especially designed for this task, in which a fitness function based on the Akaike information criterion plays a key role by considering both model accuracy and parsimony aspects. The use of linear (actually affine) and nonlinear local models is also investigated. The proposed methodology is evaluated in the modeling of a real nonlinear magnetic levitation system. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Fuzzy sets

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