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Is American Energy Politics Ideological?

The Energy Journal 1989年第1期10卷 55 - 76页

作者： Eric M. Uslaner * Department of Government and Politics University of Maryland College Park. Support from the General Research Board of the Graduate School University of Maryland College Park the College of Behavioral and Social Sciences University of Maryland College Park the Computer Science Center of the University of Maryland College Park and the Everett McKinley Dirksen Congressional Leadership Research Center is greatly appreciated as are the comments of John E. Chubb M. Margaret Conway Pietro Nivola Karol Sollan Charles Stewart III Peter Van Doren and the editor and anonymous reviews of this journal. I also appreciate the research assistance of Rodger Payne. Kevin Ogrady provided assistance on the unfolding program while Mike Wagner was (as always) more than invaluable. I am particularly indebted to the representatives of energy interest groups who kindly gave of their time for my interviewing. This paper draws from and expands upon Uslaner (1989 ch. 5).

When we think of energy issues, we generally conjure up ideas of conflicts between producers and consumers. These translate into visions of grand ideological conflicts between the left and the right. Wildavsky and Tennenbaum (1981) speak of battles between "preservationists" and "industrialists." Kalt (1981) argues that "[tihe domestic energy 'crisis' is, far more than anything else, a quarrel over income distribution." Ideological straight fights are marked by a single dimension of conflict. In particular, ideological politics, as opposed to religious or ethnic cleavages, suggests a battle between left and right--or, producers and consumers in the case of energy battles. When there are only two contestants, one is sure to win if the group decision is made by majority rule. Even in the United States Congress, where complex rules often frustrate coherent policy formation, strongly-held positions can prevail over obstructionists if they are determined enough. Yet, during the 1970s many attempts to form a "national energy policy" failed. In the 1980s Congress again stumbled in making natural gas policy as it defeated both decontrol and recontrol proposals.

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Heuristic assignments of redundant software versions and processors in fault-tolerant computer systems for maximum reliability

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Probability in the Engineering and Informational sciences 1987年第4期1卷 457-479页

作者： Kar Leow, Soo Mcallister, David F. Graduate Program in Operations Research North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University RaleighNC27695 United States

We address the problem of assigning multiple copies of n independently developed versions of a program to a set of m(m > n) possibly heterogeneous processors to maximize system reliability. This problem is viewed as a partition and assignment problem. We first partition the set of processors into n clusters or subgroups. A program version is then assigned to be executed on all the processors in the cluster. This means that each processor in the cluster will execute a copy of the assigned version. The cluster's unreliability is the probability of failure of all its processors. Component i of this system is composed of the copies of version i and the assigned cluster of processors. Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987.

关键词： Combinatorial optimization

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GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DESIGN computer-SYSTEM AND METHODOLOGY .1. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DESIGN SYSTEM

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1987年第3期99卷 261-273页

作者： CARLSON, CM FIREMAN, H Craig M. Carlson:is a general engineer in the Computer Aided Engineering Division (SEA-507). He received his B.S. degree in naval architecture from the University of Michigan in 1970. In 1972 he was selected for the NAVSEC Hull Division's Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan and received his M. S. E. degree in naval architecture in 1973. Additionally he has done graduate work in computer science at The Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Carlson began his career with the Naval Ship Engineering Center in 1970 where he worked in the Ship Arrangements Branch. While in ship arrangements he was task leader for the PGG PCG PHM and MCM ship designs. In addition he was project engineer for shipboard stowage ship space classification system and ship standard nomenclature. He was technical manager of the CASDAC arrangement subsystem and the CASDAC hull design system. In 1982 he joined what is now the Computer Aided Engineering Division. Currently he is the manager for the computer supported design version XX system. Besides ASNE which he joined in 1972 he is a member of SNA ME and the U.S. Naval Institute. Howard Fireman:is a naval architect in the Ship Arrangements Design Division (SEA-55W1). He received his B. S. E. degree in naval architecture from the University of Michigan in 1979. In 1983 he was selected for NavSea's Long Term Training Program at the University of Michigan and received his M. S. E. degree in naval architecture with a specialization in ship production and computer aided ship design in 1985. Mr. Fireman began his career with the Naval Ship Engineering Center in 1977 as an engineering cooperative student. Since graduating from the NavSea EIT program he has worked in the Ship Arrangements Design Division. He was task leader for the AOE-6 AE-36 T-AH ARS-SO and SWATH T-AGOS ship designs. He is technical manager of the CSD General Arrangement Design System and is currently the Hull Group CSD coordinator. Besides ASNE which he joined in 1979 he is a member of SNA ME ASE a

The ever increasing complexity of ships coupled with cost, schedule, and resource constraints require innovative methods by the Naval Sea Systems Command's ship design community to meet this challenge. This paper describes the effort by the NavSea Ship Arrangement Design Division to dramatically improve its ship design capability by the use of a system of computer-based design tools called the General Arrangement Design System. The General Arrangement Design System (GADS) is based on the engineering requirements of the ship arrangement design process. GADS is currently being used as a production engineering tool. This paper is organized into two parts. Part I describes the General Arrangement Design System, and Part II describes the general arrangement design methodology.

关键词： NAVAL ARCHITECTURE

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A MATHEMATICAL APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF SERVICE REQUIREMENTS 11

A MATHEMATICAL APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF SERVICE REQUIRE...

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11th International computer Measurement Group Conference, CMG 1985

作者： Orchard, Robert A. Department of Computer Science Graduate Program College of Staten Island City University of New York United States

A methodology for the rigorous management of service (performance) requirements on a computer system is introduced utilizing statistical theory. Random sampling techniques coupled with non-parametric probability inequalities are introduced as the major tool for use by the performance manager (analyst) in reporting and controlling the performance of a computer system. From the manager's perspective, the mean response time and the standard deviation of the response time are the only two parameters of processed workload of interest in this approach. Copyright © 1985, Applied computer Research.

关键词： Sampling

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The delivery of education using current technology (panel session) 85

The delivery of education using current technology (panel se...

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Proceedings of the 1985 ACM annual conference on The range of computing : mid-80's perspective: mid-80's perspective

作者： Kenneth L. Krause William E. Ayen David R. Holmes Robert A. Barden Alfred Bork Computer Science Department United States Air Force Academy United States Air Force Academy Graduate Program in Higher Education The University of Vermont Interactive Networks Inc. Information and Computer Science University of California Irvine

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AUTOMATION OF PROPELLER INSPECTION AND FINISHING

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 124-131页

作者： STERN, H METZGER, R Howard K. Stern:is presently vice president of Robotic Vision Systems Inc. He received a bachelor of electrical engineering degree from College of the City of New York in 1960. Mr. Stern joined Dynell Electronics Corporation in 1971 and became part of the Robotic Vision Systems Inc. staff at the time of its spin-off from Dynell. He was program manager of the various three-dimensional sensing and replication systems constructed by Dynell and Robotic Vision Systems. As program manager his responsibilities encompassed technical administrative and operational areas. The first two portrait sculpture studio systems and the first three replication systems built by Robotic Vision Systems Inc. were designed manufactured and operated under his direction. Before joining Dynell Mr. Stern was a senior engineer at Instrument Systems Corporation and chief engineer of the Special Products Division of General Instrument Corporation. Prior to these positions Mr. Stern was chief engineer of Edo Commercial Corporation. At General Instrument and Edo Commercial he was responsible for the design and manufacture of military and commercial avionics equipment. Mr. Stern is presently responsible for directing the systems design and development for all of the company's programs. Robert J. Metzger:is currently engineering group leader at Robotic Vision Systems Inc. He graduated summa cum laude from the Cooper Union in 1972 with a bachelor of electrical engineering degree. Under sponsorship of a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship he graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974 with the degrees of electrical engineer and master of science (electrical engineering). In 1979 Mr. Metzger graduated from Polytechnic Institute of New York with the degree of master of science (computer science). Since 1974 Mr. Metzger has been actively engaged in the design of systems and software for noncontact threedimensional optical measurement for both military and commercial applications. Of particular note are his c

Ship's propellers are currently measured by manual procedures using pitchometers, templates and gauges. This measurement process is extremely tedious, labor intensive and time consuming. In an effort to provide increased accuracy, repeatability and cost effectiveness in propeller manufacture, an automated propeller optical measurement system (APOMS) has been built which rapidly and automatically scans an entire ship's propeller using a 3-D vision sensor. This equipment is integrated with a propeller robotic automated templating system (PRATS) and the propeller optical finishing system (PROFS) which robotically template and grind the propeller to its final shape, using the APOMS-derived data for control feedback. The optical scanning and the final shape are both controlled by CAD/CAM data files describing the desired propeller shape. An automated propeller balancing system is incorporated into the PROFS equipment. The APOMS/PRATS/PROFS equipment is expected to provide lower propeller manufacturing costs.

关键词： PROPELLERS

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Continuing medical education accreditation, evaluation and credits: Concerns and recommendations

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Möbius: A Journal for Continuing Education Professionals in Health sciences 1985年第4期5卷 51-53页

作者： Steams, Norman S. Bashook, Philip G. Norman S. Stearns M.D. Dr. Steams is dean for Post-Graduate Education and Sara Murray Jordan Professor of Medicine at the Tufts University School of Medicine. He is also professor of Health Management (visiting) at the Sloan School of Management of Massachusetts Institute of Tkchnolow. He is past-president of the Association for Hospital Medical Education and formerly director of the Post-Graduate Medical Institute of Massachusetts. After starting in cardiovascular research he shifted to and published extensively in continuing medical education. He introduced and developed the concept of the Core Medical Library for practitioners in community hospitals and has a number of publications including co-authoring a book on library practice in hospitals. He is a past chairman of the Liaison Committee for Continuing Medical Education and is a member of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education. Dr. Bashook is director of the Educational Development Unit at Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center in Chicago. He is vice chairman of the Accreditation Review Committee of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) and an associate professor of Medical Education at the Center for Educational Development University of Illinois Health Science Center Chicago. He has published research in problem-oriented medical records program evaluation continuing medical education program development assessing physician competence and performance simulations and physician career choice.

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AIR-CUSHION LANDING CRAFT NAVIGATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1985年第4期97卷 248-260页

作者： GRAHAM, HR KIM, JC BAND, EGU FOWLER, AW Herbert R. Graham:received his degrees of B.S. in 1951 and M.S. in 1958 in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology respectively. He also attended the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration. He is presently a task manager at TRW Inc. McLean Virginia responsible for landing craft air cushion (LCAC) engineering support. Since joining TRW in 1967 he has had several technical project management and system engineering responsibilities in amphibious ships transportation and energy. He was responsible for the preliminary engineering design and cost estimates for tracked air cushion vehicles (TACVs). He has been active in several professional societies including ASNE and served as vice-chairman Los Angeles Section American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. John C. Kim:received his degrees of B.S. in electrical engineering Tri-State University 1959 M.S. in electrical engineering Michigan State University 1960 and Ph.D. in electrical engineering Michigan State University. He is presently a senior staff engineer with TRW Inc. McLean Virginia where his technical experience has included communications system engineering and navigation system analysis. Since joining TRW in 1969 he has held numerous positions including section head project manager and department manager. His previous employment includes E-Systems/Melpar Division and Honeywell. Dr. Kim has been active in the IEEE Washington Chapter activities which included secretary vice-chairman and chairman of Systems Science and Cybernetics Group. Edward G.U. Band:received a B.S. degree in mechnical engineering in 1946 and a D.I.C in aeronautical engineering in 1947 at the City and Guilds College of London University. In 1951 he received an M.S. degree from Stevens Institute of Technology in fluid dynamics. After a career in the aircraft industry in England Canada and the U.S.A. he spent several years teaching in Chile and at Webb Institute of Naval Archi

Air cushion vehicles (ACVs) have operated successfully on commercial routes for about twenty years. The routes are normally quite short; the craft are equipped with radar and radio navigation aids and maintain continuous contact with their terminals. Navigation of these craft, therefore, does not present any unusual difficulty. The introduction of air cushion vehicles into military service, however, can present a very different picture, especially when external navigation aids are not available and the craft must navigate by dead reckoning. This paper considers the problems involved when navigating a high-speed air cushion vehicle by dead reckoning in conditions of poor visibility. A method is presented to assess the ACV's navigational capability under these circumstances. A figure of merit is used to determine the sensitivity of factors which affect navigation such as the range of visibility, point-to-point distance, speed, turning radius and accuracy of onboard equipment. The method provides simplistic but adequate answers and can be used effectively to compare the-capability and cost of alternative navigation concepts.

关键词： AIR CUSHION VEHICLES

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Logics of knowledge, games and dynamic logic 4th

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4th Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical computer science, FST and TCS 1984

作者： Parikh, Rohit Department of Computer Science Brooklyn College of CUNY Bedford Ave and Avenue H BrooklynNY11210 United States Mathematics Program CUNY Graduate Center 33 West 42nd Street New YorkNY10036 United States

We study monotonic and non-monotonic Logics of Knowledge, giving decision procedures and completeness results. In particular we develop a model theory for a non-monotonic Logic of Knowledge and show that it correspond... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9783540138839

关键词： computer circuits

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RATIONALE FOR AN ADA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENT FOR NAVY MISSION CRITICAL APPLICATIONS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第4期96卷 133-145页

作者： PAIGE, KK CONVERSE, RA USN LCdr. Kathleen K. Paige USN:graduated with a BA from the University of New Hampshire in 1970. She received her commission from Officer Candidate School in April 1971 and performed her first tour of duty with VFP-63 NAS Miramar. LCdr. Paige then received her MS from the Naval Post Graduate School in June 1976 and returned to San Diego to serve as Head Support Software Division at the Fleet Combat Direction System Support Activity. In May 1981 she reported to NA VSEA (PMS-408) where she served initially as Chairman of the NAVMAT Software Engineering Environment Working Group. She has been assigned as Deputy AN/UYK-43 Acquisition Manager since October 1981. LCdr. Paige was designated a fully qualified Engineering Duty Officer in December 1983. Robert A. Converse:is presently the Acquisition Manager for the Ada Language System/Navy (ALS/N) for the Naval Sea Systems Command Tactical Embedded Computer Resources Project. As such he is responsible for the definition and development of the ALS/N to be provided as a Navy standard computer programming system for Navy mission critical applications. Mr. Converse received a Bachelor of Science degree in Physics from Wheaton College Wheaton II. He spent fourteen years with the Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Rhode Island during which time he designed and developed the Fortran compiler for the Navy Standard AN/UYK-7 computer. Also during that period he received a Master of Science degree in Computer Science from the University of Rhode Island. His thesis for that degree was entitled “Optimization Techniques for the NUSC Fortran Cross-Compiler”. Mr. Converse started his involvement with the Ada program in 1975 with the initial “Strawman” requirements review. Subsequently he was named as the Navy Ada Distinguished Reviewer and was intimately involved in the selection and refinement of the Ada language as it evolved to become ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A.

The U.S. Navy introduced the use of digital computers in mission critical applications over a quarter of a century ago. Today, virtually every system in the current and planned Navy inventory makes extensive use of computer technology. computers embedded in mission critical Navy systems are integral to our strategic and tactical defense capabilities. Thus, the military power of the U.S. Navy is inextricably tied to the use of programmable digital computers. The computer program is the essential element that embodies the system “intelligence”. In addition, it provides the flexibility to respond to changing threats and requirements. However, this very flexibility and capability poses a host of difficulties hindering full realization of the advantages. This paper describes the lessons learned about computer program development over the past twenty five years and discusses a software engineering process that addresses these lessons. It then describes how Ada and its related Ada programming Support and Run-Time Environments foster this software engineering process to improve computer program productivity and achieve greater system reliability and adaptibility. Finally, the paper discusses how the use of Ada and its environments can enhance the interoperability and transferability of computer programs among Navy projects and significantly reduce overall life cycle costs for Navy mission critical computer programs.

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