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Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Feng Zhu Andrew R. Sedler Harrison A. Grier Nauman Ahad Mark A. Davenport Matthew T. Kaufman Andrea Giovannucci Chethan Pandarinath Neuroscience Graduate Program Emory University Center for Machine Learning Georgia Tech Computational Neuroscience Graduate Program The University of Chicago School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Tech Dept. of Organismal Biology and Anatomy The University of Chicago and Neuroscience Institute The University of Chicago Joint Dept. of Biomedical Engineering UNC Chapel Hill and NC State University and UNC Chapel Hill Neuroscience Center and NC State/UNC Closed-Loop Engineering for Advanced Rehabilitation (CLEAR) Coulter Dept. of Biomedical Engineering Emory University and Georgia Tech and Dept. of Neurosurgery Emory University

ISBN: (纸本)9781713845393

Modern neural interfaces allow access to the activity of up to a million neurons within brain circuits. However, bandwidth limits often create a trade-off between greater spatial sampling (more channels or pixels) and the temporal frequency of sampling. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to obtain spatio-temporal super-resolution in neuronal time series by exploiting relationships among neurons, embedded in latent low-dimensional population dynamics. Our novel neural network training strategy, selective backpropagation through time (SBTT), enables learning of deep generative models of latent dynamics from data in which the set of observed variables changes at each time step. The resulting models are able to infer activity for missing samples by combining observations with learned latent dynamics. We test SBTT applied to sequential autoencoders and demonstrate more efficient and higher-fidelity characterization of neural population dynamics in electrophysiological and calcium imaging data. In electrophysiology, SBTT enables accurate inference of neuronal population dynamics with lower interface bandwidths, providing an avenue to significant power savings for implanted neuroelectronic interfaces. In applications to two-photon calcium imaging, SBTT accurately uncovers high-frequency temporal structure underlying neural population activity, substantially outperforming the current state-of-the-art. Finally, we demonstrate that performance could be further improved by using limited, high-bandwidth sampling to pretrain dynamics models, and then using SBTT to adapt these models for sparsely-sampled data.

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Unveiling Topological Charges and Their Manipulation in Electronic Circuits

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Sakotic, Zarko Stankovic, Predrag Bengin, Vesna Krasnok, Alex Alú, Andrea Jankovic, Nikolina BioSense Institute Research Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems University of Novi Sad Dr Zorana Djindjica 1a Novi Sad21101 Serbia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Florida International University MiamiFL33174 United States Advanced Science Research Center City University of New York New YorkNY10031 United States Physics Program Graduate Center City University of New York New YorkNY10016 United States

Leveraging topological properties in the response of electromagnetic systems can greatly enhance their potential. Although the investigation of singularity-based electromagnetics and non-Hermitian electronics has considerably increased in recent years in the context of various scattering anomalies, their topological properties have not been fully assessed. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that non-Hermitian perturbations around bound states in the continuum can lead to singularities of the scattering matrix, which are topologically nontrivial and comply with charge conservation. The associated scattering matrix poles, zeros and pole-zero pairs delineate extreme scattering events, including lasing, coherent perfect absorption, and absorber-lasers. The presented framework enables a recipe for generation, annihilation and addition of these singularities in electric circuits, with potential for extreme scattering engineering across a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum for sensing, wireless power transfer, lasing and thermal emission devices. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topology

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Data Processing of Functional Optical Microscopy for Neuroscience

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Benisty, Hadas Song, Alexander Mishne, Gal Charles, Adam S. Yale Neuroscience New HavenCT06510 United States Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems Stuttgart Germany Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Neurosciences Graduate Program UC San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA92093 United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute Center for Imaging Science Department of Neuroscience Mathematical Institute for Data Science Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD21287 United States

Functional optical imaging in neuroscience is rapidly growing with the development of new optical systems and fluorescence indicators. To realize the potential of these massive spatiotemporal datasets for relating neuronal activity to behavior and stimuli and uncovering local circuits in the brain, accurate automated processing is increasingly essential. In this review, we cover recent computational developments in the full data processing pipeline of functional optical microscopy for neuroscience data and discuss ongoing and emerging challenges. © 2022, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Fluorescence microscopy

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Electrostatic Properties and Ions Elimination Effect of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Adhesive Tape Manufacturing

Electrostatic Properties and Ions Elimination Effect of Poly...

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International electrical engineering Congress (iEECON)

作者： Tatsanee Jenbanphue Komsan Hongesombut Kulsawasd Jitkajornwanich Siwapon Srisonphan Graduate program in safety engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand Department of Electrical Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand Department of Computer Science King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9781728130767

ISBN: (纸本)9781728130774

Electrostatic discharges (ESD) can release large amounts of energy to products and humans, causing product failure and pain, respectively. In this research, we elucidate the electrostatic charge generation, and discharge phenomena in real polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based electrical tape factory, which is primarily operated by the roll to roll manufacturing process. We perform the electrostatic potential measurement to identify the critical process of charge generation and to eliminate static charge at the source in order to prevent incidents caused by electrostatic discharge to operators or staff in the winding process. We also perform a numerical simulation-based finite element method (FEM) that provides modeling of an induced electric field, allowing the electrostatic discharge. The maximum potential is ~20 kV measured at 25 mm, indicating that the meter was induced by the electric field approximately ~0.8 MV/m, corresponding to surface charges density is ~ 10 μC/m 2 . Therefore, we introduced the ionization emitter bar in this case because it is feasible to install to the current infrastructure of the tested factory. The ionization emitter appears to reduce the electrostatic charge deposited on the PVC surface ~ 30% of the original charges. Therefore, installing a charge-dissipation technology at a proper location or combining with other methods, the electrostatic charge generation can be minimized even in roll to roll process.

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Fourier diffuserscope: Single-shot 3d fourier light field microscopy with a diffuser

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Liu, Fanglin Linda Grace, K.U.O. Antipa, Nick Yanny, Kyrollos Waller, Laura Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California Berkeley94709 United States UCB/UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering University of California BerkeleyCA94709 United States

Light field microscopy (LFM) uses a microlens array (MLA) near the sensor plane of a microscope to achieve single-shot 3D imaging of a sample, without any moving parts. Unfortunately, the 3D capability of LFM comes with a significant loss of lateral resolution at the focal plane, which is highly undesirable in microscopy. Placing the MLA near the pupil plane of the microscope, rather than the image plane, can mitigate the artifacts near focus and provide an efficient shift-invariant model at the expense of field-of-view. Here, we show that our Fourier DiffuserScope achieves significantly better performance than Fourier LFM. Fourier DiffuserScope uses a diffuser in the pupil plane to encode depth information, then reconstructs volumetric information computationally by solving a sparsity-constrained inverse problem. Our diffuser consists of randomly placed microlenses with varying focal lengths. We show that by randomizing the microlens positions, a larger lateral field-of-view can be achieved compared to a conventional MLA;furthermore, by adding diversity to the focal lengths, the axial depth range is increased. To predict system performance based on diffuser parameters, we for the first time establish a theoretical framework as a design guideline, followed by numerical simulations to verify. Under both theoretical and numerical analysis, we demonstrate that our diffuser design provides more uniform resolution over a larger volume, both laterally and axially, outperforming the MLA used in LFM. We build an experiment system with an optimized lens set and achieve 3 volume. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Microlenses

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Large optical tunability from charge density waves in 1T-TaS2 under incoherent illumination

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Li, Weijian Naik, Gururaj V. Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Electrical & Computer Engineering Rice University TX77005 United States

Strongly correlated materials possess a complex energy landscape and host many interesting physical phenomena, including charge density waves (CDWs). CDWs have been observed and extensively studied in many materials since their first discovery in 1972. Yet, they present ample opportunities for discovery. Here, we report a large tunability in the optical response of a quasi-2D CDW material, 1T-TaS2, upon incoherent light illumination at room temperature. We show that the observed tunability is a consequence of light-induced rearrangement of CDW stacking across the layers of 1T-TaS2. Our model, based on this hypothesis, agrees reasonably well with experiments suggesting that the interdomain CDW interaction is a vital knob to control the phase of strongly correlated materials. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Charge density waves

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1T-TaS2 - A strongly correlated material with a large photo-refractive effect at room temperature

1T-TaS2 - A strongly correlated material with a large photo-...

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Frontiers in Optics, FiO_2019

作者： Li, Weijian Naik, Gururaj V. Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University TX77005 United States

We demonstrate a large photo-refractive effect in 1T-TaS2 in the visible at low intensity white light excitation. By using this optical tunability, we demonstrate tunable meta-gratings for nanophotonics applications. ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580675

关键词： Finite difference time domain Light intensity Nanophotonics Photorefractive materials Thin film optical properties X ray diffraction

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Single-Phase AC-DC-AC Five-level X-type Current Source Converter

Single-Phase AC-DC-AC Five-level X-type Current Source Conve...

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Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, COBEP

作者： Louelson A. Costa Montiê A. Vitorino Maurício B. R. Corrêa Post-Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande Campina Grande Brazil

ISBN: (数字)9781728141800

ISBN: (纸本)9781728141817

In this paper a new single-phase AC-DC-AC five- level X-type current source converter is proposed. The use of the X-type topology reduces the conduction losses of the converter, whilst the five-level configuration may reduce the total harmonic distortion under lower frequencies, and allows the increase of the power capability of the converter. The novelty of this paper resides on the multilevel configuration being applied to a X-type current source converter. The operation and sine- triangle pulse-width modulation of the proposed converter are presented, as they are validated by simulation results. Besides that, experimental results for the rectifier side (AC-DC) are presented.

关键词： Topology Inductors Synchronization Switches Modulation Oscillators Inverters

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Topological Surface State Evolution in Bi2Se3 via Surface Etching

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yue, Ziqin Huang, Jianwei Wang, Ruohan Li, Jia-Wan Rong, Hongtao Guo, Yucheng Wu, Han Zhang, Yichen Kono, Junichiro Zhou, Xingjiang Hou, Yusheng Wu, Ruqian Yi, Ming Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices Center for Neutron Science and Technology School of Physics Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou510275 China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Irvine IrvineCA92697 United States

Topological insulators are materials with an insulating bulk interior while maintaining gapless boundary states against back scattering. Bi2Se3 is a prototypical topological insulator with a Dirac-cone surface state around Γ. Here, we present a controlled methodology to gradually remove Se atoms from the surface Se-Bi-Se-Bi-Se quintuple layers, eventually forming bilayer-Bi on top of the quintuple bulk. Our method allows us to track the topological surface state and confirm its robustness throughout the surface modification. Importantly, we report a relocation of the topological Dirac cone in both real space and momentum space, as the top surface layer transitions from quintuple Se-Bi-Se-Bi-Se to bilayer-Bi. Additionally, charge transfer among different surface layers is identified. Our study provides a precise method to manipulate surface configurations, allowing for the fine-tuning of the topological surface states in Bi2Se3, which represents a significant advancement towards nano-engineering of topological states. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Topological insulators

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A radiomics-boosted deep-learning model for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia classification using chest X-ray image

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Hu, Zongsheng Yang, Zhenyu Lafata, Kyle J. Yin, Fang-Fang Wang, Chunhao Medical Physics Graduate Program Duke Kunshan University Jiangsu Kunshan215316 China Department of Radiation Oncology Duke University DurhamNC27710 United States Department of Radiology Duke University DurhamNC27710 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Duke University DurhamNC27710 United States

Purpose: To develop a deep-learning model that integrates radiomics analysis for enhanced performance of COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 pneumonia detection using chest X-ray image. Methods: Based on a pre-trained VGG-16 architecture, the deep-learning design consisted of a 5-Dense layer neural network with varying sizes, while the last three convolutional layers were set as free parameters for training. In radiomics analysis, a 2D sliding kernel was implemented to map the impulse response of radiomic features throughout the entire X-ray image;thus, each feature is rendered as a 2D map in the same dimension as X-ray image. For comparison purpose, a pilot model was trained using X-ray image only. Subsequently, 2 radiomic feature maps (RFMs) were selected based on cross-correlation analysis in reference to the pilot model saliency map results. The radiomics-boosted model was then trained based on the same deep-learning design using X-ray image plus the selected RFMs as input. Both models were developed using 812 chest X-ray images with 262/288/262 COVID-19/Non-COVID-19 pneumonia/healthy cases, and 649/163 cases were assigned as training-validation/independent test sets. For each model, 50 versions were trained with random assignments of training/validation cases following 7:1 ratio in the training-validation set. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and ROC curves together with Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC) were compared between the two models. Results: The performance of detecting COVID-19 vs Non-COVID-19 pneumonia in the pilot model using X-ray image only were:1) sensitivity 0.90±0.07 vs 0.78±0.09, 2) specificity 0.94±0.04 vs 0.94±0.04, 3) accuracy 0.93±0.03 vs 0.89±0.03, and 4) ROC AUC 0.96±0.02 vs 0.92±0.04. Entropy and Short-Run-Emphasize were selected based on their high correlations with pilot model saliency map results. In the radiomics-boosted model, the corresponding results demonstrated significant improvements (p © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Impulse response

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