The number of topological defects created in a system driven through a quantum phase transition exhibits a power-law scaling with the driving time. This universal scaling law is the key prediction of the Kibble-Zurek ...
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The number of topological defects created in a system driven through a quantum phase transition exhibits a power-law scaling with the driving time. This universal scaling law is the key prediction of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism (KZM), and testing it using a hardware-based quantum simulator is a coveted goal of quantum information science. Here we provide such a test using quantum annealing. Specifically, we report on extensive experimental tests of topological defect formation via the one-dimensional transverse-field Ising model on two different D-Wave quantum annealing devices. We find that the quantum simulator results can indeed be explained by the KZM for open-system quantum dynamics with phase-flip errors, with certain quantitative deviations from the theory likely caused by factors such as random control errors and transient effects. In addition, we probe physics beyond the KZM by identifying signatures of universality in the distribution and cumulants of the number of kinks and their decay, and again find agreement with the quantum simulator results. This implies that the theoretical predictions of the generalized KZM theory, which assumes isolation from the environment, applies beyond its original scope to an open system. We support this result by extensive numerical computations. To check whether an alternative, classical interpretation of these results is possible, we used the spin-vector Monte Carlo model, a candidate classical description of the D-Wave device. We find that the degree of agreement with the experimental data from the D-Wave annealing devices is better for the KZM, a quantum theory, than for the classical spin-vector Monte Carlo model, thus favoring a quantum description of the device. Our work provides an experimental test of quantum critical dynamics in an open quantum system, and paves the way to new directions in quantum simulation experiments.
The formation of resonant photonic structures in porous silicon leverages the benefit of high surface area for improved molecular capture that is characteristic of porous materials with the advantage of high detection...
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Hyperbolic propagation offers exciting opportunities in nanophotonics, from sub-diffraction imaging to enhanced local density of states. This transport regime is typically induced by strong modulation of conductivity,...
Highly confined surface waves present unique opportunities to enhance light interactions with localized emitters or molecules. Hyperbolic dispersion in metasurfaces allows us to tailor and manipulate surface waves, en...
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For the last two decades, electro-electronic components have become more and more integrated into automotive vehicles, with an increasing importance in essential functions implying the safe overall operation of the ca...
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The ability to generate high-order meshes that conform to the boundary of curved geometries is a hurdle in the adoption of high-order computational methods for the numerical solution of partial differential equations....
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The ability to generate high-order meshes that conform to the boundary of curved geometries is a hurdle in the adoption of high-order computational methods for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. In this paper, we propose a method for generating and warping second-order Lagrange triangular and tetrahedral meshes based on a log barrier method. In the case of generation, the approach consists of modifying an initial linear mesh by first, adding nodes at the midpoint of each edge; second, displacing the newly added boundary midpoints to the curved boundary, and third, solving for the final positions of the interior nodes based on the boundary deformation. By allowing all of the boundary nodes to move, the approach can also be used to warp second-order triangular and tetrahedral meshes. We present several numerical examples in both two and three dimensions which demonstrate the capabilities of our method in generating and warping second-order curvilinear meshes.
Experimental investigation of two-phase flows is important in many areas of research and industrial application. We introduce a probe based on electrical impedance and Fiber Bragg Grating-based strain measurements, wh...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509010134
Experimental investigation of two-phase flows is important in many areas of research and industrial application. We introduce a probe based on electrical impedance and Fiber Bragg Grating-based strain measurements, which is able to monitor two-phase flow in pipes. The prototype probe presented consists of an optical fiber with a FBG for sensing encapsulated by a hollow stainless-steel cylinder, which is interrogated for strain and conductance measurements. Raw data is converted to flow parameters such as gas bubble length and velocity. Initial results in a two-phase flow test bench show that the combined optical-electrical technique is feasible and promising to be applied in two-phase flow monitoring.
Optical analog signal processing has been gaining significant attention as a way to overcome the speed and energy limitations of digital techniques. Metasurfaces offer a promising avenue towards this goal due to their...
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Optical analog signal processing has been gaining significant attention as a way to overcome the speed and energy limitations of digital techniques. Metasurfaces offer a promising avenue towards this goal due to their efficient manipulation of optical signals over deeply subwavelength volumes. To date, metasurfaces have been proposed to transform signals in the spatial domain, e.g., for beam steering, focusing, or holography, for which angular-dependent responses, or nonlocality, are unwanted features that must be avoided or mitigated. Here, we show that the metasurface nonlocality can be engineered to enable signal manipulation in the momentum domain over an ultrathin platform. We explore nonlocal metasurfaces performing basic mathematical operations, paving the way towards fast and power-efficient ultrathin devices for edge detection and optical image processing.
In this paper is presented a new printed monopole antenna, bio-inspired by jasmine flower, that meets the Federal Communications Commission parameters for ultra-wideband systems. The design of the printed monopole ant...
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