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The role of input imaging combination and ADC threshold on segmentation of acute ischemic stroke lesion using U-Net

European Radiology 2023年第9期33卷 6157-6167页

作者： Li, Ya-Hui Lin, Shao-Chieh Chung, Hsiao-Wen Chang, Chia-Ching Peng, Hsu-Hsia Huang, Teng-Yi Shen, Wu-Chung Tsai, Chon-Haw Lo, Yu-Chien Lee, Tung-Yang Juan, Cheng-Hsuan Juan, Cheng-En Chang, Hing-Chiu Liu, Yi-Jui Juan, Chun-Jung Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital No. 199 Sec. 1 Xinglong Rd. Zhubei City Hsinchu County 302 Hsinchu Taiwan Ph.D. Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Management Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Radiology School of Medicine College of Medicine China Medical University Taichung Taiwan Department of Medical Imaging Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Department of Neurology China Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan Cheng Ching Hospital Taichung Taiwan Master’s Program of Biomedical Informatics and Biomedical Engineering Feng Chia University Taichung Taiwan Department of Automatic Control Engineering Feng Chia University No. 100 Wenhwa Rd. Seatwen Taichung 40724 Taiwan Department of Biomedical Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong ERB1112 11/F William M.W. Mong Engineering Building N.T Shatin Hong Kong Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center The Chinese University of Hong Kong N.T Shatin Hong Kong Department of Biomedical Engineering National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

Background: To evaluate the effect of the weighting of input imaging combo and ADC threshold on the performance of the U-Net and to find an optimized input imaging combo and ADC threshold in segmenting acute ischemic stroke (AIS) lesion. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled a total of 212 patients having AIS. Four combos, including ADC-ADC-ADC (AAA), DWI-ADC-ADC (DAA), DWI-DWI-ADC (DDA), and DWI-DWI-DWI (DDD), were used as input images, respectively. Three ADC thresholds including 0.6, 0.8 and 1.8 × 10^–3 mm²/s were applied. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was used to evaluate the segmentation performance of U-Nets. Nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test with Tukey–Kramer post-hoc tests were used for comparison. A p <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The DSC significantly varied among different combos of images and different ADC thresholds. Hybrid U-Nets outperformed uniform U-Nets at ADC thresholds of 0.6 × 10^–3 mm²/s and 0.8 × 10^–3 mm²/s (p <.001). The U-Net with imaging combo of DDD had segmentation performance similar to hybrid U-Nets at an ADC threshold of 1.8 × 10^–3 mm²/s (p =.062 to 1). The U-Net using the imaging combo of DAA at the ADC threshold of 0.6 × 10^–3 mm²/s achieved the highest DSC in the segmentation of AIS lesion. Conclusions: The segmentation performance of U-Net for AIS varies among the input imaging combos and ADC thresholds. The U-Net is optimized by choosing the imaging combo of DAA at an ADC threshold of 0.6 × 10^–3 mm²/s in segmentating AIS lesion with highest DSC. Key Points: • Segmentation performance of U-Net for AIS differs among input imaging combos. • Segmentation performance of U-Net for AIS differs among ADC thresholds. • U-Net is optimized using DAA with ADC = 0.6 × 10^–3mm²/s. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology.

关键词： Deep Learning Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ischemic Stroke Neural Networks, Computer Retrospective Study

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Studies breeding places of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in dengue endemic Padang area 1

Studies breeding places of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictu...

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1st International Conference on environmental sciences, ICES 2018

作者： Onasis, Aidil Barlian, Eri Razak, Abdul Department of Environmental Science Post Graduate Program Universitas Negeri Padang Prof. Dr. Hamka Street West Air Tawar Padang-West Sumatera25131 Indonesia Padang Health of Polytechnic Environmental Health Departement Siteba Street Padang-West Sumatera25146 Indonesia

Suspect vector of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Chickungunya transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in container as potential breeding places. This study used a descriptive design, data collection in Kuranji, Nanggalo and Padang Timur and Lubuk Begalung district for 5 months in Padang with populations in house as many as 400 larvae index for density analysis to interpretation. The results container at risk of becoming breeding places of Aedes aegypti in Padang Timur districts 14.25%, and Aedes albopictus in Kuranji 20.75%. 3 classification area analysis are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the container in the form of supervision that more routine in Nanggalo compared Kuranji and Lubuk Begalung well as in Padang Timur as well as control by getting rid of that is rare in Kuranji and Padang Timur while in Nanggalo and Lubuk Begalung category often get rid of the landfill. Updating data analysis results in the form of survey results, mosquito density monitoring strategy regularly and periodically by the community with assistance by health workers as well as the risk of transmission as well as the anticipation of Extraordinary Events and prevention of dengue outbreaks. © 2019 Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

关键词： Containers

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Mo-Terminated Edges in Mos2 for Site-Specific Hydrolysis and DNA Cleavage

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Cong Wu, Menghan Li, Muqing Zhao, Yingcan Zhao, Mingchuang Zhang, Yunhao Bai, Yichao Gao, Jianxiang Wang, Xiaoxia Tian, Xilin Zhang, Han Chang, Liang Zou, Xiaolong Liu, Bilu Kang, Feiyu Terrones, Mauricio Lei, Yu Institute of Materials Research Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Management Engineering and Materials Center of Double Helix Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Institute of Materials Research Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Layered Materials for Value-added Applications Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Environmental Science Program Department of Life Sciences Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College Guangdong 519087 China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen518055 China Department of Physics Department of Chemistry Department of Materials Sciences Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA16802 United States International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology Ministry of Education Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems China

The hydrolysis of DNA serves as the foundational principle for gene engineering that enable precise gene cleavage at the molecular level. This process typically occurs in biological nucleases, which exhibit nucleobase-selective and catalytic hydrolysis capabilities rarely replicated in abiotic nanomaterials. Here, we demonstrate that molybdenum-terminated (Mo-terminated) edges of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) possess the unique ability to abstract a proton (H+) from water molecules, thereby facilitating catalytic hydrolysis reactions that cleave the phosphodiester bonds in DNA through the action of hydroxide ions. The enhanced proton absorption at Mo-terminated edges of MoS2 significantly reduces the activation energy required for the DNA hydrolysis reaction. Furthermore, the favorable interaction between the Mo-terminated edges and thymine nucleobases promotes both charge transfer and P-O bond cleavage, enabling targeted DNA hydrolysis at 'TTTTTTT' sequences under dark conditions. This discovery underscores the potential of MoS2 as a stable, efficient nanosystem for precise genetic editing, heralding advanced applications in the field of gene engineering. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： DNA sequences

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Teaching the concept of adaptive thermal comfort in building design education

Teaching the concept of adaptive thermal comfort in building...

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16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Creative and Smart Solutions for Better Built Environments, Indoor Air 2020

作者： Teli, Despoina Hellwig, Runa T. Schweiker, Marcel Choi, Joon-Ho Lee, M.C. Jeffrey Mora, Rodrigo Rawal, Rajan Wang, Zhaojun Al-Atrash, Farah Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Chalmers University Sweden Department of Architecture Design and Media Technology Aalborg University Denmark Institute for Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany Building Science School of Architecture University of Southern California United States Department of Interior Design National Taichung University of Science and Technology Taiwan Building Science Graduate Program British Columbia Institute of Technology Canada Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy CEPT University India School of Architecture Harbin Institute of Technology China School of Architecture and Built Environment German Jordanian University Jordan

ISBN: (纸本)9781713823605

Traditional building design education in the disciplines of building services, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, etc. focusses on quantifiable factors, i.e. factors which can be subject of calculation, simulation and dimensioning. Since non-quantifiable factors are not part of calculation or simulation models, there is a tendency that they are not adequately considered in education and, as a result, in building planning and operation. In the case of human thermal comfort, building professionals are required to understand the mechanisms and impact of non-quantifiable factors related to human thermal comfort and health, most of which are part of the adaptive thermal comfort concept. This paper identifies the challenges in teaching the concept of adaptive thermal comfort through a collection of lived experiences of the authors. The paper then proposes appropriate intended learning outcomes and teaching methods to equip students with the background knowledge, understanding and skills required to consider human adaptation in their designs. © 2020 16th Conference of the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate: Creative and Smart Solutions for Better Built Environments, Indoor Air 2020. All rights reserved.

关键词： Students

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Gold Nanoparticle Decorated Bismuth Vanadate Casting on Screen-Printed Electrode for Chlortetracycline Detection in Tap Water

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Ngo, Duy Ba Gopi, Praveen Kumar Rajkumar, Muniyandi Chen, Shen-Ming Rijiravannich, Patsamon Khownarumit, Porntip Somasundrum, Mithran Surareungchai, Werasak Bangkhuntien-chaitalay Rd. Bangkok10150 Thailand Analytical Sciences and National Doping Test Institute Mahidol University Rama VI Rd. Bangkok10400 Thailand Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology National Taipei University of Technology No.1 Section 3 Chung-Hsiao East Rd. Taipei106 Taiwan Bioscience and System Biology Research Team National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Sciences and Technology Development Agency at KMUTT Bangkhuntien-chaitalay Rd. Bangkok10150 Thailand Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute KMUTT Bangkhuntien-chaitalay Rd. Bangkok10150 Thailand Nanoscience and nanotechnology graduate program Faculty of Science KMUTT Pracha Uthit Rd. Bangkok10140 Thailand PSG College of Arts and Science Civil Aerodrome Post Tamil Nadu Coimbatore641014 India Quarter 6 Linh Trung Ward Thu Duc City Ho Chi Minh City720400 Viet Nam

Background Chlortetracycline (CTC) belongs to the class of tetracycline’s compounds, which is known for its antibacterial activity. CTC was largely consumed by farm animals than humans, which leads to the growth antibiotic – resistant bacteria and environmental contamination. So far no one reported the electrochemical detection and determination of CTC by using AuNPs@BiVO4 composite. Some reports have been reported using conventional chromatography which is most expensive, time-consuming and highly equipped method. Results Here, we report a simple method for preparing gold nanoparticle decorated bismuth vanadate (AuNPs@BiVO4), which was dropped cast on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The AuNPs@BiVO4 and AuNPs@BiVO4/SPCE materials were characterized using TEM, SEM-EDX, XPS, DLS, ELS, EIS, and CV. The as-prepared AuNPs@BiVO4/SPCE was used to detect and determine chlortetracycline (CTC) by different pulse potentials in phosphate buffer pH 7.0. The electrode possessed a wide linear range of 0.99 – 19.06 µM, with obtained LOD = 0.15 µM, LOQ = 0.49 µM, and sensitivity = 0.059 μA μM-1 cm-2. It also exhibited good selectivity, stability, and repeatability, recovering 87.14% - 100% for detecting CTC in Mili Q and tap water. Significance Facile and rapid synthesis of AuNPs@BiVO4 nanocomposite film modified electrode at physiological pH conditions has been prepared and A highly electrochemical detection and determination of CTC using AuNPs@BiVO4 nanocomposite film has been developed for the first time. Thus, the proposed electrode could be applied for the detection and determination of CTC in water sources and has the potential to be used for real sample analysis. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Nanocomposites

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Bioresource Rent Value of Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park, Philippines, for Access and Benefit Sharing Scheme

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International Journal of Forestry Research 2025年第1期2025卷

作者： Villanueva, Grace V. Calago, Jersam C. Alaman, Bobby B. Laput, Joseph Glenn Mapi-ot, Emmarie F. Parilla, Richard B. Trespalacio, Gemmalyn M. Ureta, Joan U. Ureta, J. Carl Misamis University Community Extension Program Misamis University Ozamiz City Philippines Graduate School Misamis University Ozamiz City Philippines Department of Forestry College of Agriculture and Forestry Misamis University Ozamiz City Philippines College of Business and Management Misamis University Ozamiz City Philippines Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics University of the Philippines-Tacloban College Tacloban City Philippines Philippines Department of Science and Technology SERD PCAARRD Los Banos PHL Laguna Philippines Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation College of Agriculture Forestry and Life Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC United States Research and Development ESFocus LLC South Carolina Charleston United States

The Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park (MMRNP) in the Philippines is a vital protected area that harbors a diverse range of flora and fauna with substantial economic significance. Despite the extensive research conducted within MMRNP, the monetary value of its rich biodiversity remains vastly underestimated. This research employs a combination of key informant interviews and focus group discussions with local and indigenous people (IP) communities living near MMRNP. Value chain analysis and resource rent calculation were utilized to determine the economic value of MMNRP’s bioresources and ensure their sustainability and equitable management. Through these participatory methods, nine bioresources of significant economic importance have been identified, prioritized, and found to be collected, utilized, and traded by communities. These include five floral species: Dendrocnide sp., Calamus sp., Cinnamomum mercadoi, Agathis philippinensis, and Gymnostoma sumatranum, and four faunal species: Limnonectes sp., Apis sp., Apis cerana, and Sus philippensis. The estimated annual value of these economically important bioresources within MMRNP is PhP 42,708,861.20. Given its potential contribution to the local economy, the establishment of enabling policies to protect bioresources is crucial to mitigate the adverse impacts of natural resource exploitation on both economic growth and the development of local communities residing near MMRNP. It is strongly recommended that joint close monitoring and supervision by relevant agencies such as the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), local government units (LGUs), and Protected Area Management Boards (PAMB) be implemented. This approach will promote transparency and consensus building, ensuring the sustainable management of these invaluable bioresources for access and benefit of present and future generations. Copyright © 2025 Grace V. Villanueva et al. International Journal of Forestry Research published by John Wiley

关键词： bioresources focus group discussion indigenous people resource rent value chain analysis

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Network analysis with quantum dynamics clarifies why photosystem II exploits both chlorophyll a and b

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Kim, Eunchul Lee, Daekyung Sakamoto, Souichi Jo, Ju-Yeon Vargas, Mauricio Ishizaki, Akihito Minagawa, Jun Kim, Heetae Division of Environmental Photobiology National Institute for Basic Biology Myodaiji Okazaki444-8585 Japan Basic Biology Program Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Okazaki444-8585 Japan Department of Energy Engineering Korea Institute of Energy Technology Naju58330 Korea Republic of Institute for Molecular Science National Institutes of Natural Sciences Okazaki444-8585 Japan Instituto de Matemáticas Universidad de Talca Casilla 747 Talca Chile Molecular Science Program Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI Okazaki444-8585 Japan

In green plants, chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b are the predominant pigments bound to light-harvesting proteins. While the individual characteristics of these chlorophylls are well understood, the advantages of their coexistence remain unclear. In this study, we establish a method to simulate excitation energy transfer within the entire photosystem II supercomplex by employing network analysis integrated with quantum dynamic calculations. We then investigate the effects of the coexistence of chlorophyll-a and chlorophyll-b by comparing various chlorophyll compositions. Our results reveal that the natural chlorophyll composition allows the excited energy to preferentially flow through specific domains that act as safety valves, preventing downstream overflow. Our findings suggest that the light-harvesting proteins in a photosystem II supercomplex achieve evolutionary advantages with the natural chlorophyll-a/b ratio, capturing light energy efficiently and safely across various light intensities. Using our framework, one can better understand how green plants harvest light energy and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Excitation energy

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Application of Emerging Innovations in Microbiome science to Space Development and Settlement Systems 73

Application of Emerging Innovations in Microbiome Science to...

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73rd International Astronautical Congress, IAC 2022

作者： Nastasi, Nicholas Anderson, Matthew Z. Balasubrahmaniam, Neeraja Bope, Ashleigh Britt, Rodney D. Cochran, Samuel J. Gill, Samuel J. Hegarty, Bridget Lee, Jiyoung Stamps, Blake W. Stickney, Amanda Taylor, Christopher G. Tram, Nguyen K. Van Dusen, John Varaljay, Vanessa A. Weir, Mark H. Horack, John M. Oglesbee, Michael Sullivan, Matthew B. Dannemiller, Karen C. Department of Civil Environmental & Geodetic Engineering Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Division of Environmental Health Sciences College of Public Health Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Environmental Sciences Graduate Program Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Microbiology College of Arts and Sciences Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Center for Perinatal Research The Abigail Wexner Research Institute Nationwide Children's Hospital Department of Pediatrics Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Case School of Engineering Case Western Reserve University ClevelandOH United States Department of Food Science and Technology Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Infectious Diseases Institute Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Soft Matter Materials Branch Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Wright - Patterson AFBOH United States Department of Plant Pathology College of Food Agriculture and Environmental Science Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine Nationwide Children's Hospital ColumbusOH United States Airman Systems Directorate 711th Human Performance Wing Air Force Research Laboratory WPAFBOH United States Sustainability Institute Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering John Glenn College of Public Affairs Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Department of Veterinary Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States Center of Microbiome Science Ohio State University ColumbusOH United States

Future human spaceflight beyond low-Earth orbit will bring substantial changes and new requirements to the development of fully sustainable, healthy indoor human environments across a range of gravitational, radiative, and thermal conditions. One key aspect is understanding (and potentially leveraging) microorganisms that must coexist with humans, plants, and animals in enclosed habitats (their microbiota or microbiomes). Modern, genome-resolved microbiome science provides an opportunity to better understand how we can utilize microbes to optimize space missions and protect human health and well-being long-term. Microorganisms will be critical to mission success due to their direct or indirect interactions with 1) humans, 2) other living systems (e.g., plant and animal life as a food source and for experimentation), and 3) the built environment. For example, the human gut microbiome is a complex community that has important implications for human health and performance that include mental health, nutrition intake, and immune system function. The health of plant microbiomes is also critical for sustainable, dependable, and nutritious food production. Humans, plants, and other living systems (e.g., animals used in experimentation) will also shed microbes into the built environment, which may impact human exposure, plant health, system integrity, and planetary protection from microbial contamination in both forward and reverse directions. Microbes from all three systems will interact, resulting in potentially important 'non-linear' system implications that must be understood for the overall long-term sustainability of hardware, crew, and other living systems. This paper discusses recent advances in technology that expand measurement capabilities to ultra-low-biomass samples and now allow for better understanding of microbial taxa, community structure and drivers, and functional capacity, which together will empower microbiome-optimized deep-space human exploration miss

关键词： Bacteria

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Promotion of the Catalytic Polymerization of Hydroquinone Towards Humic-Like Substances by Graphitic Carbon Nitride

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ahmed, Mahmoud M.M. Liu, Yu-Ting Venkatesan, Srinivasadesikan Wu, Min Chien Nail, Howida M. Tzou, Der-Lii M. Lin, Ming-Chang Chen, Kai-Yue Tzou, Yu-Min Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung40227 Taiwan Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung40227 Taiwan Department of Chemistry School of Science and Humanities Vignan's Foundation for Science Technology and Research Guntur Andhra Pradesh Vadlamudi522 213 India Graduate institute of Biomedical Engineering National Chung Hsing University 145 Xingda Rd. Taichung40227 Taiwan Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Nangang Taipei11529 Taiwan Department of Applied Chemistry National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hsinchu30010 Taiwan Professional Bachelor Program of Farm Management National Chiayi University Chiayi600355 Taiwan

The utilization of graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) to enhance the oxidative polymerization of hydroquinone (HQ) within birnessite (δ-MnO2) systems was investigated. C3N4, a Lewis base enriched with nitrogen, acted as a bridge through π−π interactions between metal oxides and polyphenols. These interactions increased the affinity of the reactants, resulting in an enhanced reaction rate of six-fold, accelerated browning, and improved complex stability of C3N4...HQ...MnO2 complex. As a result, a humic-like substance (HS) was rapidly formed with improved surface morphology and larger particle sizes. Electron transfer of HQ...MnO2 promoted by C3N4 played a crucial role in HQ oxidation, expanding atomic distance and composite morphology. Theoretical calculations supported the experimental results, indicating strong affinity and higher binding energies in the C3N4...HQ...MnO2 complex. The complex had a more stable structure with a narrower HOMO-LUMO gap, facilitating HS formation. 13C and 1H NMR spectra confirmed the experimental-theoretical agreement. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Binding energy

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