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Effect of TiO 2 Nano-particles on Optical, Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Poly (Vinyl alcohol) Films

Procedia materials science 2014年 5卷 847-854页

作者： M. Vishwas K. Narasimha Rao D. Neela Priya Ashok M. Raichur R.P.S. Chakradhar K. Venkateswarlu Post Graduate & Research Department of Physics Government Science College Bangalore-560001 India Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore- 560012 India Department of Materials Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore-560012 India CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories Bangalore-560017 India

The effect of TiO 2 (5, 10 and 15 mg) nano-particles on optical, electrical and mechanical properties of Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films were reported. The un-doped PVA films showed high transmittance in the visible region, however with the increase of TiO 2 doping the transmittance has decreased. The films with sandwich structures of the type Al-PVA-Al and Al-PVA-TiO 2 -Al were fabricated to study its electrical properties. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics show the leakage current density in PVA film slightly decreases with the addition of TiO 2 . The Raman spectrum shows characteristic scattering peaks of the PVA film at 1432, 1145, 920 and 852cm−1 and the peak observed at 637 cm−1 is attributed to anatase phase of TiO 2 . The mechanical properties of the films were improved substantially with the doping of TiO 2 nano-particles and the mechanism responsible for the improved strength is explained in detail.

关键词： PVA Optical properties TiO 2 Raman Mechanical properties.

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Production and characterization of fuel briquettes from banana leaves waste

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Chemical engineering Transactions 2014年 37卷 439-444页

作者： De Oliveira Maia, Bianca G. Souza, Ozair Marangoni, Cintia Hotza, Dachamir De Oliveira, Antonio Pedro N. Sellin, Noeli Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering - PGMAT Federal University of Santa Catarina 88040 900 Florianópolis-SC Brazil Masters in Process Engineering University of Joinville Region - UNIVILLE 89219 710 Joinville-SC Brazil

The use of agricultural and agro-industrial waste as biomass fuel for power generation like briquettes can be an alternative solution to the problems related at their disposal. Briquettes produced from lignocellulosic waste, through a simple process and low cost are an excellent source of cheap energy and environmentally correct, in many cases, ideal for replacing fossil fuels in use today, with significant economic and environmental advantages. The banana cultivation generates a significant amount of waste, but little used, it would be important to add value to them. In this work banana semi-dried leaves were crushed to particles with sizes between 2 and 5 mm and its moisture content was determined. The briquettes were produced in a hydraulic press with compaction pressure of 18 MPa and two different compression times and were evaluated by proximate and ultimate chemical analysis, high heating value (HHV), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), linear shrinkage, mechanical compressive strength, bulk and energy density. Briquettes presented moisture content of 7.2 %, high contents of carbon (44.3 %) and volatile matter (75.3 %), low sulphur and nitrogen contents and HHV of 17.7 MJ/kg. These results are similar for other biomass used to produce briquettes. Under combustion in TGA and DTA analysis, the briquettes showed high loss mass and maximum energy release between 200 and 500 °C. The mechanical compressive strength for 1 second compression was 5.3 MPa and the briquettes density was 0.99 g/cm3. The thermal properties and physicochemical characteristics of the banana leaves briquettes demonstrate its potential for use as biomass fuel. Copyright © 2014,AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.

关键词： Compressive strength

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Heterojunction between Al2O3 and SnO2 Thin films for application in transparent FET

Heterojunction between Al2O3 and SnO2 Thin films for applica...

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作者： Boratto, Miguel Henrique De Andrade Scalvi, Luis Vicente Maciel, Jorge Luiz Barbosa Saeki, Margarida Juri Floriano, Emerson Aparecido Physics Department FC São Paulo State University - UNESP Bauru SP Brazil Post-Graduate Program in Materials Science and Technology São Paulo State University - UNESP Bauru SP Brazil Eurípides Soares da Rocha University - UNIVEM Marília SP Brazil Chemistry and Biochemistry Department IBB São Paulo State University - UNESP Botucatu SP Brazil

Alternative materials for use in electronic devices have grown interest in the past recent years. In this paper, the heterojunction SnO2/Al2O3 is tested concerning its use as a transparent insulating layer for use in FETs. The alumina layer is obtained by thermal annealing of metallic Al layer, deposited by resistive evaporation technique. Combination of undoped SnO2, deposited by sol-gel-dip-coating technique, and Al thermally annealed in O2-rich atmosphere, leads to fair insulation when the number of aluminum oxide layers is 4, with 0.3% of the current lost through the gate terminal as leakage current. This insulation is not obtained for devices with alumina layer treated for long time, under room atmosphere, due to degradation of the insulating film and interfusion with the conduction channel even using Sb-doped SnO2. The annealing of Al deposited on soda-lime glass substrate leads also to the formation of a Si layer, crystallized at Substrate/Al2O3 interface. The conclusion is that for an efficient insulation the thermal annealing must be short and then, O2-rich atmospheres are preferred.

关键词： Aluminum oxide

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Local structure determination of substitutional elements in Ca 3Co4-xMxO9 (M = Fe, Cr, Ga) using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Local structure determination of substitutional elements in ...

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作者： Pinitsoontorn, Supree Prasoetsopha, Natkrita Srepusharawoot, Pornjuk Bootchanont, Atipong Kidkhunthod, Pinit Kamwanna, Teerasak Amornkitbamrung, Vittaya Kurosaki, Ken Yamanaka, Shinsuke Department of Physics Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Integrated Nanotechnology Research Center Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand Materials Science and Nanotechnology Program Faculty of Science Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand School of Physics Institute of Science Suranaree University of Technology Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Suita 565-0871 Japan

Ca3Co4O9 is one of the most promising thermoelectric oxide materials at high temperature. Its structure consists of two misfit layers: the CaO-CoO-CaO rocksalt-type (RS) layer and the CdI 2-type CoO2 layer. In this paper, we reported the synthesis of single phase Ca3Co4-xMxO 9 (where M = Fe, Cr, and Ga). Thermoelectric measurements showed the variation of thermoelectric properties depending on the charge state of the substitutional elements. We showed the direct evidence for the location of the substitutional elements in the system using an X-ray absorption spectroscopy technique. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra were fitted with the models. Also, the X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra were compared with the simulated spectra from the first principle calculation. The data analysis show that for Fe and Cr substitution, the Fe and Cr atoms are more likely to be located in the RS layer rather than in the CoO2 as presumed previously. For the Ga case, Ga atoms accommodate both sites;still the majority stays in the RS layer. This is supported by the calculation of the total energy of the system, which showed that the total energy is lower when the substituted elements were located in the RS layer. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

关键词： Cobalt compounds

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Influence of the Electrodeposited Co-Fe Alloys' Characteristics on their Magnetic Properties

Influence of the Electrodeposited Co-Fe Alloys' Characterist...

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The 2014 International Conference on Advanced materials,Structures and Mechanical engineering(ICAMSME 2014)

作者： Thanakrit Chotibhawaris Tachai Luangvaranunt Pongsakorn Jantaratana Yuttanant Boonyongmaneerat Nanoscience and Technology Interdisciplinary Program Graduate School Chulalongkorn University Metallurgical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering Chulalongkorn University Department of Physics Faculty of Science Kasetsart University Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute (MMRI) Chulalongkorn University

Nanocrystalline CoFe films were fabricated by electrodeposition process for an investigation of the relationship between the alloys' characteristics and their magnetic properties. The study shows that coating thickness promotes softer magnetic properties of the films, and induces changes of film roughness, preferred orientation and domain pattern. The preferred orientation of the μm films（thin films） is（110） plane, whereas that of the μm films（thick films） are（110） and（200） planes. The magnetic domain of the thin films exhibit a stripe-liked pattern, whereas a bubble-liked pattern appears in the thick films. Iron content significantly affects the magnetic properties of the thick films. In this study, the 57.3wt.%Fe thick film has the highest saturation magnetization, and the 80.0wt.%Fe thick film shows the lowest coercivity.

关键词： Electrodeposition plating CoFe film magnetic properties

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A flexible ultrasonic velocity profiler development environment

A flexible ultrasonic velocity profiler development environm...

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： César Yutaka Ofuchi Fabio Rizental Coutinho Raquel dos Santos Rasia Lucia Valeria Ramos de Arruda Flávio Neves Rigoberto Eleazar Melgarejo Morales Graduate School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (CPGEI) Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR) Curitiba Brazil Mechanical & Materials Engineering Postgraduate Program (PPGEM) Federal University of Technology-Paraná (UTFPR) Curitiba Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467363846

Ultrasonic velocity profiler method is now an accepted tool in modern experimental fluid mechanics and fluid engineering. As a relative new technology, different applications and improvements of the technique are being researched over the last years. This paper presents an environment to develop new algorithms to improve the ultrasonic velocity estimation technique. The system uses the LabVIEW modular platform integrated with mathematical script language used in many signal-processing software. The phase-shift algorithm was implemented and tested using the proposed system. The results are validated with standard velocity measurements generated by a rotating cylinder.

关键词： Acoustics Velocity measurement Software Signal processing algorithms Ultrasonic variables measurement Fluids Doppler effect

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Targeted Cancer Therapy: Correlative Light-Electron Microscopy Shows RGD-Targeted ZnO Nanoparticles Dissolve in the Intracellular Environment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Cause Apoptosis with Intratumor Heterogeneity (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 11/2016)

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Advanced healthcare materials 2016年第11期5卷 1248页

作者： Basmah A Othman Christina Greenwood Ayman F Abuelela Anil A Bharath Shu Chen Ioannis Theodorou Trevor Douglas Maskai Uchida Mary Ryan Jasmeen S Merzaban Alexandra E Porter Department of Materials Imperial College London Royal School of Mines Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK. Cell and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory Faculty of Medical Sciences Post Graduate Medical Institute Anglia Ruskin University Bishop Hall Lane Chelmsford CM1 1SQ UK. Cell Migration and Signaling Laboratory Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Engineering (KAUST) Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia. Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London Royal School of Mines Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK. Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA. Imperial College London and London Centre for Nanotechnology London SW7 2AZ UK.

On page 1310 J. S. Merzaban, A. E. Porter, and co-workers present fluorescently labeled RGD-targeted ZnO nanoparticles (NPs; green) for the targeted delivery of cytotoxic ZnO to integrin αvβ3 receptors expressed on triple negative breast cancer cells. Correlative light-electron microscopy shows that NPs dissolve into ionic Zn(2+) (blue) upon uptake and cause apoptosis (red) with intra-tumor heterogeneity, thereby providing a possible strategy for targeted breast cancer therapy. Cover design by Ivan Gromicho.

关键词： cellular targeting cytotoxicity integrin αvβ3 receptors triple negative breast cancer cells zinc oxide nanoparticles

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Calibrated Langevin-dynamics simulations of intrinsically disordered proteins

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Physical Review E 2014年第4期90卷 042709-042709页

作者： W. Wendell Smith Po-Yi Ho Corey S. O'Hern Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520-8120 USA Integrated Graduate Program in Physical and Engineering Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520-8114 USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520-8286 USA Department of Applied Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520-8267 USA Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06520 USA

We perform extensive coarse-grained (CG) Langevin dynamics simulations of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), which possess fluctuating conformational statistics between that for excluded volume random walks and collapsed globules. Our CG model includes repulsive steric, attractive hydrophobic, and electrostatic interactions between residues and is calibrated to a large collection of single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer data on the interresidue separations for 36 pairs of residues in five IDPs: α−, β−, and γ-synuclein, the microtubule-associated protein τ, and prothymosin α. We find that our CG model is able to recapitulate the average interresidue separations regardless of the choice of the hydrophobicity scale, which shows that our calibrated model can robustly capture the conformational dynamics of IDPs. We then employ our model to study the scaling of the radius of gyration with chemical distance in 11 known IDPs. We identify a strong correlation between the distance to the dividing line between folded proteins and IDPs in the mean charge and hydrophobicity space and the scaling exponent of the radius of gyration with chemical distance along the protein.

关键词： LANGEVIN equations SIMULATION methods & models CONFORMATIONAL analysis MICROTUBULE-associated proteins HYDROPHOBIC compounds

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Optical properties of thin VO2-films at the phase transition: Design aspects for a fiber-optic thermometer

Optical properties of thin VO2-films at the phase transition...

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： L. Hermano C. L. A. M. N. Lima L. A. L. Almeida C. L. Ferreira H. Neff Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - PpgEE Department of Electrical Engineering Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Brazil Universidade Federal de Campina Grande Campina Grande PB BR Universidade Federal do ABC Santo Andre SP BR Department of Materials Science Instituto Militar de Engenharia - IME Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781467363846

The pronounced variation of the optical reflectance R of nanometer thin VO 2 films with temperature T at the phase transition recently has triggered interest in the development of compact thermo-optical sensors that utilize optical fiber technology. Its immunity against electromagnetic interference effects makes this approach suited for an optical detection of local areas with increased temperature, i.e. so called hot spots, inside of high power transformers. Optical reflectance of thin VO 2 -films as function of T throughout the hysteretic phase transition is reported in this work. A modified version of the Preisach hysteresis model is utilized, and combined with experimental optical data. Suited VO 2 film thickness values and wavelengths range for optimum sensor operation can be extracted. The achievable temperature range, as confirmed by experimental observations, is consistent with requirements that apply for power transformers of the first group, according to NBR 5416 (ABNT).

关键词： Optical fiber sensors Mathematical model Reflectivity Equations Optical fibers Temperature sensors

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Analysis of synthetic natural gas injection into charcoal blast furnace

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Journal of materials Research and Technology 2013年第3期2卷 255-262页

作者： Rocha, Elisa Pinto Da Guilherme, Vagner Silva De Castro, José Adilson Sazaki, Yasushi Yagi, Jun-Ichiro Post-Graduation Program in Metallurgical Engineering Universidade Federal Fluminense Volta Redonda RJ Brazil Environmental Metallurgy Laboratory Graduate Institute of Ferrous Technology Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Korea Republic of Tohoku University Sendai Japan

Recently, the synthetic natural gas (SNG) has been available for large consumers in the Brazilian domestic market. The SNG is a suitable fuel with potential use to several processes and facilities of the steel industry. This paper investigates the injection of SNG into charcoal blast furnaces as a substitute for granular charcoal charged from the top and pulverized charcoal injections with potential increase of productivity and decrease of specific CO2 emissions. In order to study the effect of replacement of granular charcoal and injection of pulverized charcoal the well known Blast Furnace Five Fluid Model (BF-FFM) is applied to describe detailed phenomena within the process. This model treats the blast furnace as a five-phase reactor, accounting for gas, lump solids (raw iron ore, sinter, pellets and granular charcoal), hot metal, pulverized charcoal, and molten slag. The model is based on conservation equations for mass, momentum, energy and chemical species numerically solved based on the finite volume method (FVM). The SNG has high amount of H2 and strongly affects the inner conditions of the reactor and only a comprehensive model with detailed chemical reaction rates can properly predict the inner parameters of the process and hence furnish useful information to design smooth operational conditions. The simulation results obtained in this study indicated that smooth operations using SNG up to 25 N m3/t of pig iron could be achieved simultaneously by increasing the productivity up to 58% and with a decrease of 40 kg/thm on the granular charcoal charged. © 2013 Brazilian Metallurgical, materials and Mining Association.

关键词： Steelmaking

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